Apoptosis in Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is associated with expression of the Fas receptor of theronts     

Xu DH  Klesius PH  Shoemaker CA 《Journal of fish diseases》2006,29(4):225-232

The expression of type I membrane Fas receptors on the surface of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) theronts and the possible association between Fas expression and theront apoptosis induced by the immune antibody was examined. Fas receptors were detected on the theront surface using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody against Fas. Fas-positive theronts significantly increased with time during in vitro incubation and with increasing theront concentration. Furthermore, the immune cutaneous antibody induced theront apoptosis; however, Fas ligand did not. A highly significant correlation was noted between theront Fas expression and immune cutaneous antibody-induced theront apoptosis. Numbers of apoptotic theronts increased with increasing number of Fas-positive theronts. The data indicated that theront apoptosis induced by immune cutaneous antibody appears to be positively correlated with the expression of Fas on the surface of Ich theronts.  相似文献   

Dissecting the functions of the mammalian clock protein BMAL1 by tissue-specific rescue in mice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

McDearmon EL  Patel KN  Ko CH  Walisser JA  Schook AC  Chong JL  Wilsbacher LD  Song EJ  Hong HK  Bradfield CA  Takahashi JS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5803):1304-1308

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Profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Brazilian sugar cane spirits: discrimination between Cachaças produced from nonburned and burned sugar cane crops     

Galinaro CA  Cardoso DR  Franco DW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(8):3141-3147

Cacha?a may be contaminated by a remarkable presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) when the sugar cane crop used for its production is burned before harvesting. The analysis of 15 PAHs by liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector in 131 cacha?a samples from burned and nonburned sugar cane crops is reported. Average contents of 21.1 and 1.91 microg L(-1) for total PAHs were observed for cacha?as originating from burned and nonburned sugar cane plantations, respectively. The main difference between these two classes of cacha?as is in the quantitative profile of the most potent carcinogenic PAH, benzo[a]pyrene, which is more abundant in cacha?a produced from burned sugar cane crops (4.54 x 10(-2) microg L(-1)) than in cacha?a produced from nonburned crops (9.02 x 10(-3) microg L(-1)). The contents of benzo[a]pyrene in both classes of cacha?a are lower than the legal limit established by the European Union (EU) at 2.00 microg L(-1) for food products. In relation to the total PAH content suggested by the German Society for Fat Science, both cacha?as from burned (21.1 microg L(-1)) and nonburned crops (1.91 microg L(-1)) are below the limit (25 microg L(-1)) for total PAH content. The analytical data for PAHs, when treated through the multivariate statistical methods principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis, provide a very good distinction between samples produced from burned and nonburned sugar cane crops with a certainty of 98.1%.  相似文献   

Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Waggoner JW  Löest CA  Mathis CP  Hallford DM  Petersen MK 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(2):681-692

Metabolic demand for sulfur-containing AA increases during inflammation in nonruminants. Therefore, Met supplementation may alleviate the negative effects of infection on N balance. Effects of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and supplemental dietary Met on N balance, serum hormones and haptoglobin, and plasma urea-N and AA were evaluated in 20 Angus-cross steers (BW = 262 +/- 6.3 kg). Treatments (2 x 2 factorial) were infusion of no LPS (-LPS) or a prolonged low dose of LPS (+LPS) and dietary supplementation of no (-MET) or 14 g/d (+MET) of rumen-protected Met (providing 7.9 g/d of dl-Met). Steers were adapted to a roughage-based diet (DMI = 1.4% of BW daily) and supplemental Met for 14 d, and were then infused (1 mL/min via intravenous catheter) with LPS on d 1 (2 microg/kg of BW) and 3 (1 microg/kg of BW) of a 5-d collection period. Blood was collected on d 1, before LPS infusion, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after LPS challenge. Diet samples, feed refusals, feces, and urine were collected daily for 5 d. Rectal temperature and serum concentrations of cortisol, prolactin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and haptoglobin increased, whereas thyroxine and triiodothyronine decreased for +LPS vs. -LPS steers (LPS x h; P < 0.01). Plasma urea-N was greater for +LPS than -LPS steers (LPS; P = 0.03), and serum IGF-1 was not affected (P > or = 0.26) by LPS or Met. Plasma concentrations of Thr, Lys, Leu, Ile, Phe, Trp, Asn, Glu, and Orn decreased, plasma Ala increased, and Gly and Ser initially increased, then declined in +LPS vs. -LPS steers (LPS x h; P < or = 0.04). Plasma Met was greater for +MET than -MET steers before LPS infusion, but declined in +MET steers after LPS infusion (LPS x Met x h; P < 0.01). By design, DMI was not different, but DM digested was less (P = 0.04) for +LPS than -LPS steers. Infusion of LPS did not affect (P > or = 0.24) N intake, fecal N excretion, or N digested, but resulted in greater (P < 0.01) urinary N excretion and less (P < 0.01) N retention. The absence of an LPS x Met interaction (P = 0.26) for N retention indicates that supplemental Met does not improve the N utilization of growing beef steers exposed to a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. Decreases in plasma concentrations of several essential AA in +LPS steers suggest that metabolic demand for these AA likely increased in steers exposed to endotoxin.  相似文献   

高效液相色谱法测定谷物中黄曲霉毒素     

丁耀魁  邢陆军  程树维  沈娟  陈桂颖  张慧杰  马黎黎 《粮油仓储科技通讯》2012,(6):34-35

样品经石油醚和甲醇水溶液提取后,部分甲醇水溶液用三氯甲烷提取,浓缩后用三氟乙酸衍生,C18色谱柱分离,荧光检测器检测。对添加三个浓度黄曲霉毒素的玉米样品进行加标回收试验,4种毒素B1、G1、B2、G2的回收率均在78.2%～103.6%之间,试验结果表明,此方法定量准确,精密度高,可用于黄曲霉毒素的检测。  相似文献   

Antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 on Botrytis cinerea Mycelium in Culture Conditions     

Cheng CH  Yang CA  Peng KC 《Phytopathology》2012,102(11):1054-1063

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that the extracellular proteins of Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 grown in the presence of deactivated Botrytis cinerea in culture include a putative l-amino acid oxidase and have suggested the involvement of this enzyme in the antagonistic mechanism. Here, we hypothesized that the mycoparasitic process of Trichoderma spp. against B. cinerea involves two steps; that is, an initial hyphal coiling stage and a subsequent hyphal coiling stage, with different coiling rates. The two-step antagonism of T. harzianum ETS 323 against B. cinerea during the mycoparasitic process in culture was evaluated using a biexponential equation. In addition, an l-amino acid oxidase (Th-l-AAO) was identified from T. harzianum ETS 323. The secretion of Th-l-AAO was increased when T. harzianum ETS 323 was grown with deactivated hyphae of B. cinerea. Moreover, in vitro assays indicated that Th-l-AAO effectively inhibited B. cinerea hyphal growth, caused cytosolic vacuolization in the hyphae, and led to hyphal lysis. Th-l-AAO also showed disease control against the development of B. cinerea on postharvest apple fruit and tobacco leaves. Furthermore, an apoptosis-like response, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, was observed in B. cinerea after treatment with Th-l-AAO, suggesting that Th-l-AAO triggers programmed cell death in B. cinerea. This may be associated with the two-step antagonism of T. harzianum ETS 323 against B. cinerea.  相似文献   

A SUMOylation-dependent transcriptional subprogram is required for Myc-driven tumorigenesis     

Kessler JD  Kahle KT  Sun T  Meerbrey KL  Schlabach MR  Schmitt EM  Skinner SO  Xu Q  Li MZ  Hartman ZC  Rao M  Yu P  Dominguez-Vidana R  Liang AC  Solimini NL  Bernardi RJ  Yu B  Hsu T  Golding I  Luo J  Osborne CK  Creighton CJ  Hilsenbeck SG  Schiff R  Shaw CA  Elledge SJ  Westbrook TF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6066):348-353

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Dawn at Vesta: testing the protoplanetary paradigm     

Russell CT  Raymond CA  Coradini A  McSween HY  Zuber MT  Nathues A  De Sanctis MC  Jaumann R  Konopliv AS  Preusker F  Asmar SW  Park RS  Gaskell R  Keller HU  Mottola S  Roatsch T  Scully JE  Smith DE  Tricarico P  Toplis MJ  Christensen UR  Feldman WC  Lawrence DJ  McCoy TJ  Prettyman TH  Reedy RC  Sykes ME  Titus TN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6082):684-686

The Dawn spacecraft targeted 4 Vesta, believed to be a remnant intact protoplanet from the earliest epoch of solar system formation, based on analyses of howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites that indicate a differentiated parent body. Dawn observations reveal a giant basin at Vesta's south pole, whose excavation was sufficient to produce Vesta-family asteroids (Vestoids) and HED meteorites. The spatially resolved mineralogy of the surface reflects the composition of the HED meteorites, confirming the formation of Vesta's crust by melting of a chondritic parent body. Vesta's mass, volume, and gravitational field are consistent with a core having an average radius of 107 to 113 kilometers, indicating sufficient internal melting to segregate iron. Dawn's results confirm predictions that Vesta differentiated and support its identification as the parent body of the HEDs.  相似文献   

Agriculture. What next for agriculture after Durban?     

Beddington JR  Asaduzzaman M  Clark ME  Fernández Bremauntz A  Guillou MD  Howlett DJ  Jahn MM  Lin E  Mamo T  Negra C  Nobre CA  Scholes RJ  Van Bo N  Wakhungu J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6066):289-290

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The potential for respiratory droplet-transmissible A/H5N1 influenza virus to evolve in a mammalian host     

Russell CA  Fonville JM  Brown AE  Burke DF  Smith DL  James SL  Herfst S  van Boheemen S  Linster M  Schrauwen EJ  Katzelnick L  Mosterín A  Kuiken T  Maher E  Neumann G  Osterhaus AD  Kawaoka Y  Fouchier RA  Smith DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1541-1547

Avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses pose a pandemic threat. As few as five amino acid substitutions, or four with reassortment, might be sufficient for mammal-to-mammal transmission through respiratory droplets. From surveillance data, we found that two of these substitutions are common in A/H5N1 viruses, and thus, some viruses might require only three additional substitutions to become transmissible via respiratory droplets between mammals. We used a mathematical model of within-host virus evolution to study factors that could increase and decrease the probability of the remaining substitutions evolving after the virus has infected a mammalian host. These factors, combined with the presence of some of these substitutions in circulating strains, make a virus evolving in nature a potentially serious threat. These results highlight critical areas in which more data are needed for assessing, and potentially averting, this threat.  相似文献