Genomic analysis of the human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV)   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

S F Josephs  S Z Salahuddin  D V Ablashi  F Schachter  F Wong-Staal  R C Gallo 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,234(4776):601-603

The human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV) has a double-stranded DNA genome of greater than 110 kilobase pairs, which is consistent with its morphological classification as a herpesvirus. A 9000-base pair cloned probe of HBLV detected specific sequences in DNA and RNA of infected cells but did not hybridize to the genomic DNA of other human herpesviruses including the Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex type I, and varicella-zoster virus. Conversely, while probes obtained from each of the known human herpesvirus readily detected the homologous viral DNA, they did not hybridize to genomic HBLV DNA. This evidence, in addition to serological and morphological distinctions and the biological effects of this virus demonstrate that HBLV is a novel human herpesvirus.  相似文献   

Type-restricted neutralization of molecular clones of human immunodeficiency virus   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

D J Looney  A G Fisher  S D Putney  J R Rusche  R R Redfield  D S Burke  R C Gallo  F Wong-Staal 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,241(4863):357-359

In a study of the immunologic significance of the genetic diversity present within single isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the neutralization of viruses derived from molecular clones of the HIV-1 strain HTLV-IIIB by an extensive panel of sera was compared. Sera from HIV-1-infected patients and from goats immunized with polyacrylamide gel-purified HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120), native gp120, or gp120-derived recombinant peptides, showed marked heterogeneity in neutralizing activity against these closely related viruses. The change of a single amino acid residue in gp120 may account for such "clonal restriction" of neutralizing activity.  相似文献   

Expanded HIV-1 cellular tropism by phenotypic mixing with murine endogenous retroviruses   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

P Lusso  F di Marzo Veronese  B Ensoli  G Franchini  C Jemma  S E DeRocco  V S Kalyanaraman  R C Gallo 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,247(4944):848-852

In view of the current interest in in vivo murine models for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and endogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related retroviruses was investigated with a human leukemic T cell line (PF-382x) that acquired xenotropic MuLV (X-MuLV) after in vivo passage in immunosuppressed mice. Despite similar levels of membrane CD4 expression and HIV-1 125I-labeled gp 120 binding, a dramatic acceleration in the time course of HIV-1 infection was observed in PF-382x compared to its X-MuLV-negative counterpart (PF-382). Moreover, PF-382 cells coinfected by X-MuLV and HIV-1 generated a progeny of phenotypically mixed viral particles, enabling HIV-1 to productively infect a panel of CD4- human cells, including B lymphoid cells and purified normal peripheral blood CD4-/CD8+ T lymphocytes. Mixed viral phenotypes were also produced by human CD4+ T cells coinfected with an amphotropic MuLV-related retrovirus (A-MuLV) and HIV-1. These data show that endogenous MuLV acquired by human cells transplanted into mice can significantly interact with HIV-1, thereby inducing important alterations of HIV-1 biological properties.  相似文献   

Three distinct genes in human DNA related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

F Wong-Staal  R Dalla-Favera  G Franchini  E P Gelmann  R C Gallo 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,213(4504):226-228

Southern blot hybridization was used to identify human and other vertebrate DNA sequences that were homologous to cloned DNA fragments containing the oncogenic nucleic acid sequences of three different type C mammalian retroviruses (simian sarcoma virus, the Snyder-Theilen strain of feline sarcoma virus, and the Harvey strain of murine sarcoma virus). Each onc gene counterpart has a single genetic locus, which probably contains non-onc intervening sequences. The human DNA sequences may represent genes important to cell growth or cell differentiation, or both. Their identification and isolation may allow elucidation of their role in these processes and in neoplasias.  相似文献   

The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection   总被引：252，自引：0，他引：252  

S Gartner  P Markovits  D M Markovitz  M H Kaplan  R C Gallo  M Popovic 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,233(4760):215-219

Cells with properties characteristic of mononuclear phagocytes were evaluated for infectivity with five different isolates of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III/LAV. Mononuclear phagocytes cultured from brain and lung tissues of AIDS patients harbored the virus. In vitro-infected macrophages from the peripheral blood, bone marrow, or cord blood of healthy donors produced large quantities of virus. Virus production persisted for at least 40 days and was not dependent on host cell proliferation. Giant multinucleated cells were frequently observed in the macrophage cultures and numerous virus particles, often located within vacuole-like structures, were present in infected cells. The different virus isolates were compared for their ability to infect macrophages and T cells. Isolates from lung- and brain-derived macrophages had a significantly higher ability to infect macrophages than T cells. In contrast, the prototype HTLV-III beta showed a 10,000-fold lower ability to infect macrophages than T cells and virus production was one-tenth that in macrophage cultures infected with other isolates, indicating that a particular variant of HTLV-III/LAV may have a preferential tropism for macrophages or T cells. These results suggest that mononuclear phagocytes may serve as primary targets for infection and agents for virus dissemination and that these virus-infected cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.  相似文献   

Chromosomal localization of the human homolog (c-sis) of the simian sarcoma virus onc gene   总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34  

R Dalla-Favera  R C Gallo  A Giallongo  C M Croce 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,218(4573):686-688

Nonrandom chromosome rearrangements of chromosome 22 have been identified in different human malignancies. As a result of Southern blot hybridization of a c-sis probe to DNA's from mouse-human somatic cell hybrids, the human homolog (c-sis) of the transforming gene of simian sarcoma virus was assigned to chromosome 22. Hybrids between thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells and human fibroblasts carrying a translocation of the region q11-qter of chromosome 22 to chromosome 17 were also analyzed. These studies demonstrate that the human c-sis gene is on region 22q11 greater than qter.  相似文献   

Role of EDEM in the release of misfolded glycoproteins from the calnexin cycle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Molinari M  Calanca V  Galli C  Lucca P  Paganetti P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5611):1397-1400

The mechanisms that determine how folding attempts are interrupted to target folding-incompetent proteins for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) are poorly defined. Here the alpha-mannosidase I-like protein EDEM was shown to extract misfolded glycoproteins, but not glycoproteins undergoing productive folding, from the calnexin cycle. EDEM overexpression resulted in faster release of folding-incompetent proteins from the calnexin cycle and earlier onset of degradation, whereas EDEM down-regulation prolonged folding attempts and delayed ERAD. Up-regulation of EDEM during ER stress may promote cell recovery by clearing the calnexin cycle and by accelerating ERAD of terminally misfolded polypeptides.  相似文献   

Expression in Escherichia coli of open reading frame gene segments of HTLV-III   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

N T Chang  P K Chanda  A D Barone  S McKinney  D P Rhodes  S H Tam  C W Shearman  J Huang  T W Chang  R C Gallo 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,228(4695):93-96

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), was recently isolated and its genomic structure analyzed by DNA cloning methods. In the studies reported here a combined cloning and expression system was used to identify HTLV-III encoded peptides that react immunologically with antibodies in sera from AIDS patients. Cloned HTLV-III DNA was sheared into approximately 500-base-pair fragments and inserted into an "open reading frame" expression vector, pMR100. The inserted DNA was expressed in Escherichia coli transformants as a polypeptide fused to the lambda CI protein at its amino terminus and to beta-galactosidase at its carboxyl terminus. Sera from AIDS patients containing antibodies to HTLV-III were then used to screen for immunoreactive fusion proteins. Twenty clones, each specifying a fusion protein strongly reactive with AIDS serum, were identified. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the HTLV-III fragments were derived from the open reading frame DNA segments corresponding to the gag and pol gene coding regions and also the large open reading frame region (env-lor) located near the 3' end of the viral genome.  相似文献   

Response: Role of beta-Chemokines in Suppressing HIV Replication     

Cocchi F  Devico AL  Garzino-Demo A  Lusso P  Gallo RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5291):1394-1395

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Public health. A sound rationale needed for phase III HIV-1 vaccine trials     

Burton DR  Desrosiers RC  Doms RW  Feinberg MB  Gallo RC  Hahn B  Hoxie JA  Hunter E  Korber B  Landay A  Lederman MM  Lieberman J  McCune JM  Moore JP  Nathanson N  Picker L  Richman D  Rinaldo C  Stevenson M  Watkins DI  Wolinsky SM  Zack JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5656):316

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