Genetic manipulation for enhancing calcium content in potato tuber     

Park S  Kang TS  Kim CK  Han JS  Kim S  Smith RH  Pike LM  Hirschi KD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(14):5598-5603

Increased calcium (Ca) in potatoes may increase the production rate by enhancing tuber quality and storability. Additionally, increased Ca levels in important agricultural crops may help ameliorate the incidence of osteoporosis. However, the capacity to alter Ca levels in potato tubers through genetic manipulations has not been previously addressed. Here we demonstrate that potato tubers expressing the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ transporter sCAX1 (N-terminal autoinhibitory domain truncated version of CAtion eXchanger 1) contain up to 3-fold more Ca than wild-type tubers. The increased Ca appears to be distributed throughout the tuber. The sCAX1-expressing potatoes have normally undergone the tuber/plant/tuber cycle for three generations; the trait appeared stable through successive generations. The expression of sCAX1 does not appear to alter potato growth and development. Furthermore, increased Ca levels in sCAX1-expressing tubers do not appear to alter tuber morphology or yield. Given the preponderance of potato consumption worldwide, these transgenic plants may be a means of marginally increasing Ca intake levels in the population. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempts to use biotechnology to increase the Ca content of potatoes.  相似文献   

The Use of Biofilters to Reduce Atmospheric Methane Emissions from Landfills: Part I. Biofilter Design     

Park  So Young  Brown  K. W.  Thomas  J. C. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,155(1-4):63-85

Previous laboratory research has shown that biofilters have the potential to reduce CH₄ emissions from landfills by as much as 83%. However, to achieve this level of CH₄ reduction biofilters must be properly designed. The present study was conducted to develop a method for properly designing biofilters based on landfill size and location. A quadratic equation was developed to describe the dependence of CH₄ oxidation rate in a sandy loam textured soil as a function of soil temperature, soil moisture and ammonium nitrogen concentration. Using this equation and the average monthly soil temperature and moisture contents for the largest cities of each of the 48 contiguous states, the monthly CH₄ oxidation rate at each location was calculated. Then, assuming a standard landfill depth of 27.6 m, and a standard area of 121,500 m², the required biofilter size was calculated. Finally, the ratio of biofilter size to landfill size was calculated. Design calculations for biofilters located in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas where the CH₄ oxidation rates are relatively high throughout the year indicate that the necessary biofilter sizes are small. In addition, biofilters in these states may be expected to be effective throughout the year. In contrast, the calculations indicated biofilter systems in the states of Idaho, Minnesota and North Dakota will have much lower efficiencies during much of the year due to unfavorable soil moisture and temperature ranges. Given proper design, installation and management, a biofilter should be capable of achieving a significant reduction in atmospheric CH₄ emission as compared to emissions from the same landfill without a biofilter.  相似文献   

Papaya seed represents a rich source of biologically active isothiocyanate   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nakamura Y  Yoshimoto M  Murata Y  Shimoishi Y  Asai Y  Park EY  Sato K  Nakamura Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(11):4407-4413

In the present study, papaya (Carica papaya) seed and edible pulp were carefully separated and then the contents of benzyl isothiocyanate and the corresponding glucosinolate (benzyl glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin) quantified in each part. The papaya seed with myrosinase inactivation contained >1 mmol of benzyl glucosinolate in 100 g of fresh seed. This content is equivalent to that of Karami daikon (the hottest Japanese white radish) or that of cress. The papaya seed extract also showed a very high activity of myrosinase and, without myrosinase inactivation, produced 460 micromol of benzyl isothiocyanate in 100 g of seed. In contrast, papaya pulp contained an undetectable amount of benzyl glucosinolate and showed no significant myrosinase activity. The n-hexane extract of the papaya seed homogenate was highly effective in inhibiting superoxide generation and apoptosis induction in HL-60 cells, the activities of which are comparable to those of authentic benzyl isothiocyanate.  相似文献   

扁穗牛鞭草生长状况及其对土壤养分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡宗达  叶充  胡庭兴 《水土保持研究》2008,15(2):120-123

通过对扁穗牛鞭草在不施肥条件下的生物量、生长因子以及对土壤pH值、有机质、全量元素、水解N、有效P和速效K等测定,了解生长状况及其对土壤养分的影响。结果表明：随着时间增加,生物量显著降低,年均下降50．41％。株高和茎粗表现不同程度的下降,茎长有升有降。而密度增加,年均上升13．74％。土壤pH略有下降,表层土壤有机质、全量元素、水解N、有效P和速效K均表现不同程度的降低,其中水解N、有效P和速效K等土壤有效养分降幅明显,年均分别下降26．73％,23．71％和7．31％,引起地力衰退,供肥力降低,导致生产力下降。  相似文献   

贵州冷水鱼养殖现状及展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王冲 《贵州农业科学》2006,34(6):116-117

冷水鱼,顾名思义,就是指适应在较低水温中生活生长的鱼类。根据鱼类对水温的适应范围,将鱼类分为温水性、热水性、冷水性和亚冷水性鱼类。以鲤鱼、草鱼、鲢鳙鱼、鲫鱼等为代表的常见鱼类,适温范围较广,称为温水性鱼类;以罗非鱼、淡水白鲳、彩虹鲷等为代表的一类鱼,要求有较高的  相似文献   

大渡河乐山段2013-2016年浮游动物群落特征变化     

方艳红  王文君  王崇  陈锋  杨钟  汪应文 《水生态学杂志》2023,44(3):94-101

为了解大渡河沙湾至乐山段安谷水电站建设过程中浮游动物群落变化,于施工期2013-2014年和运行期2015-2016年的每年春、秋两季对主河道、左侧河网及支流浮游动物群落进行监测。结果显示,2013-2016年调查共鉴定出浮游动物263种,优势种为12种属,旋轮虫属(Philodina)为施工期、运行期共有优势种属。浮游动物平均密度为658.55个/L,平均生物量为0.1102 mg/L;施工期和运行期浮游动物密度和生物量差异不显著,春季平均密度最高值出现在2014年(621.15个/L),秋季平均密度最高值出现在2015年(674.19个/L),2013年春、秋季的生物量均为最高(0.1324 mg/L、0.1070 mg/L),浮游动物密度和生物量在季节分布上差异不大。在空间分布上,支流高于主河道、左侧河网、岷江。施工期、运行期浮游动物密度、生物量与环境因子溶解氧(DO)、流速(V)呈负相关,与水温(WT)、氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)、硝氮(NO₃^--N)、总氮(TN)、磷酸盐(H₃  相似文献   

Evaluation of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 expression in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by Platycodi radix water extract in Sprague–Dawley rats     

Yinghua Li  Seung-Beom Cha  Youngil Park  Bo-Ho Gong  In-Yeong Jeong  Hak-Soo Kim  Min-Soo Kang  Young-Suk Kim  Chang Hoon Han  Hyun-Kul Lee  Si-Whan Song  Chae-Gyoo Park  Boo-Hyon Kang 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2022,35(1):45

Platycodi radix is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) potential in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by a Platycodi radix water extract in a subchronic toxicity study. One hundred formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach tissues of rats treated with Platycodi radix at doses of 0, 500, 1,000, and 3,000 mg/kg body weight/day were used for the analysis. They were conventionally stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemically (IHC) stained using caspase-3 and Ki-67 antibodies. The incidence of squamous cell hyperplasia was significantly increased in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group in both sexes (p<0.01). However, the hyperplastic change was completely repaired after 4 weeks of recovery period. Ki-67 expression was similar in all groups, with no statistically significant differences among the groups. Caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in both sexes in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group (p<0.01), compared with the vehicle control groups, and then reduced to normal levels in the recovery groups in both sexes. In conclusion, this study showed that squamous cell hyperplasia induced by the Platycodi radix water extract in the limiting ridge of the stomach is not considered to be abnormal proliferative change; as a result, squamous cell hyperplasia is considered to be a non-adverse effect when induced by the oral administration of the Platycodi radix water extract once daily for 13 weeks in rats.  相似文献   

吉林省玉米流通成本分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

汤石雨  郭庆海  张充 《吉林农业大学学报》2006,28(1):114-118

通过对吉林省13个粮库的实地调查,对吉林省玉米流通成本的构成及影响因素进行了实证分析,从而提出降低吉林省玉米流通成本的途径:进一步深化粮食流通企业市场化改革;落实优质优价政策,充分发挥价格杠杆对玉米品质改良的推动作用;政府提供资金和政策支持。  相似文献   

单叶刺槐半同胞子代叶片的滞尘能力及叶表SEM特征分析     

徐立人  刘宠  张军  柳俊明  王立成  李清泉  杨敏生  李彦慧 《西部林业科学》2021,(1):124-131

以单叶刺槐母本(A1-1)及6个叶形产生明显变异的半同胞子代无性系(A20-5、B24-3、C24-2、B23-1、C24-1、C23-1)新鲜叶片为材料,测定各样本的单位叶面积总颗粒物滞留量、颗粒物粒径分析及叶表微观结构SEM特征,通过相关性分析,筛选与滞尘能力相关的叶形及SEM指标,运用隶属函数法,依据各样本滞尘指...  相似文献   

不同饲料效率与绵羊瘤胃组织形态学关系     

张德印  张小雪  李发弟  李冲  李国泽  张煜坤  李晓龙  宋其志  赵源  刘晓青  马亮强  王维民 《中国农业科学》2020,53(24):5115-5124

【目的】利用单栏系统测定个体的饲料效率相关性状与瘤胃组织形态学指标,探讨绵羊饲料效率与瘤胃组织形态的关系,为解析绵羊饲料效率性状的影响因素研究提供基础数据。【方法】随机选取出生日龄相近、系谱信息详细、健康状况良好的187湖羊公羔,56 d断奶后转入单栏饲养,过渡期14 d,预饲期10 d,正试期100 d。正试期内所有羊只仅饲喂颗粒饲料,自由采食及饮水,并在80 d和180 d晨饲前空腹测定其体重（body weight,BW）和80—180 d间的采食量（feed intake,FI）,计算平均日增重（average daily gain,ADG）、中期代谢体重（metabolic body weight, MBW）、饲料转化率（feed conversion rate,FCR）和剩余采食量（residual feed intake,RFI）等饲料效率相关性状并对其进行描述性统计,于180 d饲养结束后屠宰采集瘤胃腹囊组织1 cm²保存于4%甲醛溶液中,用于制作组织切片并观测其瘤胃乳头长度、宽度和肌层厚度。最后将其与饲料效率相关性状进行相关分析和方差分析。【结果】饲料效率相关性状的变异系数均大于10%,且剩余采食量最大与最小的个体每天的剩余采食量之差达0.57 kg。饲料效率相关性状间的表型相关分析表明剩余采食量与饲料转化率（r= 0.68）和采食量（r= 0.48）呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与初始体重（r=0）、末期体重（r= -0.01）和平均日增重（r= -0.02）无显著相关（P>0.05）。饲料效率相关性状与瘤胃组织形态相关性分析发现,瘤胃乳头长度与平均日增重、采食量、初始体重和末期体重呈显著或极显著正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肌层厚度与平均日增重、采食量和末期体重呈显著或极显著正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而剩余采食量和饲料转化率与瘤胃组织形态无显著相关。不同RFI组羔羊采食量、饲料转化率和瘤胃肌层厚度存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,瘤胃乳头长、宽无显著差异（P>0.05）,其中High-RFI组羔羊采食量和饲料转化率极显著高于Low-RFI组（P<0.01）,肌层厚度显著高于Medium-RFI组（P<0.05）;不同FCR组羔羊的剩余采食量、采食量、ADG、初始体重、末期体重和乳头长度存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肌层厚度和乳头宽度差异不显著（P>0.05）,其中High-FCR组羔羊剩余采食量、采食量、ADG、初始体重和末期体重均显著或极显著高于Low-FCR组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,Medium-FCR组羔羊乳头长度显著长于Low-FCR组（P<0.05）;除瘤胃乳头宽度外,不同FI组羔羊的上述指标均存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且High-FI组羔羊的剩余采食量、饲料转化率、ADG、初始体重、末期体重、肌层厚度和乳头长度均显著或极显著高于Low-FI组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;不同ADG组羔羊采食量、饲料转化率、初始体重、末期体重和肌层厚度均存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）,乳头长度和乳头宽度无显著差异（P>0.05）,其中High-ADG组羔羊采食量、剩余采食量、初始体重、末期体重和肌层厚度均显著或极显著高于Low-ADG组,饲料转化率则极显著低于Low-ADG组。【结论】剩余采食量与采食量和饲料转化率等饲料效率性状呈极显著正相关,表明其可作为衡量饲料效率的潜在指标。剩余采食量和饲料转化率与瘤胃组织形态学指标无显著相关,采食量和平均日增重与瘤胃乳头长度和肌层厚度呈显著正相关,表明羔羊瘤胃组织形态对采食量和增重有显著影响,但其进一步的作用机制有待深入研究。  相似文献