Distichiasis in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)     

Chantal A.P.M. Verboven  Sylvia C. Djajadiningrat‐Laanen  Willem‐Jan P. Kitslaar  Guy C.M. Grinwis  Nico J. Schoemaker  Michael H. Boevé 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2014,17(4):290-293

A 4‐year‐old intact male ferret was presented to the Ophthalmology Service of the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals of Utrecht University with chronic blepharospasm, epiphora, and conjunctivitis of the right eye. Examination of the eye revealed mild conjunctivitis and three hairs protruding from the openings of meibomian glands in the upper eyelid, providing the clinical diagnosis of distichiasis. The distichia were removed by transconjunctival unipolar electrocautery. Recovery was uneventful, but the original signs recurred 10 weeks after surgery. Ophthalmic examination revealed another distichia at a different location in the same eyelid and it was removed by full‐thickness wedge excision. Histopathological examination failed to reveal the exact origin of the distichia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of distichiasis in a ferret.  相似文献   

Evaluation of analgesic and physiologic effects of epidural morphine administered at a thoracic or lumbar level in dogs undergoing thoracotomy     

Adriano B Carregaro  Gabrielle C Freitas  Carlize Lopes  Rafael Lukarsewski  Fernanda S Tamiozzo  Rogério R Santos 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(2):205-211

ObjectiveTo evaluate the analgesic and physiological effects of epidural morphine administered at the sixth and seventh lumbar or the fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae in dogs undergoing thoracotomy.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded trial.AnimalsFourteen mixed-breed dogs, weighing 8.6 ± 1.4 kg.MethodsThe animals received acepromazine (0.1 mg kg^?1) IM and anesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg kg^?1) IV. The lumbosacral space was punctured and an epidural catheter was inserted up to the region between the sixth and seventh lumbar vertebrae (L, n = 6) or up to the fifth or sixth intercostal space (T, n = 8). The dogs were allowed to recover and after radiographic confirmation of correct catheter position, anesthesia was reinduced with propofol IV and maintained with 1.7% isoflurane. Following stabilization of monitored parameters, animals received morphine (0.1 mg kg^?1) diluted in 0.9% NaCl to a final volume of 0.25 mL kg^?1 via the epidural catheter, and after 40 minutes, thoracotomy was initiated. Heart rate and rhythm, systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressures, respiratory rate, arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation, partial pressure of expired CO₂ and body temperature were measured immediately before the epidural administration of morphine (0 minute) and every 10 minutes during the anesthetic period. The Melbourne pain scale and the visual analog scale were used to assess post-operative pain. The evaluation began 3 hours after the epidural administration of morphine and occurred each hour until rescue analgesia.ResultsThere were no important variations in the physiological parameters during the anesthetic period. The post-operative analgesic period differed between the groups, being longer in T (9.9 ± 1.6 hours) compared with L (5.8 ± 0.8 hours).ConclusionsThe use of morphine, at a volume of 0.25 mL kg^?1, administered epidurally over the thoracic vertebrae provided longer lasting analgesia than when deposited over the lumbar vertebrae.Clinical relevanceThe deposition of epidural morphine provided longer lasting analgesia when administered near to the innervation of the injured tissue without increasing side effects.  相似文献   

Saliva chromogranin A in growing pigs: A study of circadian patterns during daytime and stability under different storage conditions     

Damián Escribano  Ana M. Gutiérrez  María Fuentes-Rubio  José J. Cerón 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2014,199(3):355-359

Salivary chromogranin A (CgA) is considered to be a biomarker of activation of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system, and has recently been proposed as a useful indicator of the acute stress response in pigs. The aim of the present study was to determinate whether salivary CgA concentrations in healthy growing pigs exhibits any circadian pattern during the daytime, and to evaluate its stability under different storage conditions. A total of 80 pigs (40 in spring and another 40 in autumn) of two different ages and genders were used. To establish the circadian pattern, saliva samples were collected at 07.00, 11.00, 15.00 and 19.00 h on two consecutive days. Pooled samples were used for the stability study and were measured on the day of sampling and periodically for up to 360 days later. Samples were stored at 4 °C, ?20 °C or ?80 °C and the effect of repeated freezing and thawing was also evaluated.No circadian pattern was detected for salivary CgA in either season and there were no significant effects of gender or age. However, mean salivary CgA concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in the pigs sampled in autumn, compared to those sampled in the spring. Short term storage at 4 °C is recommended for up to 2 days, whereas frozen samples can be stored for 1 year at ?20 °C or ?80 °C, without substantial reduction in CgA values. In addition, samples can be frozen and thawed up to seven times without significant loss of the biomarker.  相似文献   

Development of tear production and intraocular pressure in healthy canine neonates     

Chantal A. P. M. Verboven  Sylvia C. Djajadiningrat‐Laanen  Erik Teske  Michael H. Boevé 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2014,17(6):426-431

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Helminth parasites of freshwater fishes from Cuatro Ciénegas,Coahuila, in the Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico: inventory and biogeographical implications     

Rogelio AGUILAR‐AGUILAR  Andrés MARTÍNEZ‐AQUINO  Héctor ESPINOSA‐PÉREZ  Gerardo PÉREZ‐PONCE DE LEÓN 《Integrative zoology》2014,9(3):328-339

As part of an ongoing inventory of the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes in Mexico, 570 individual fish were collected between Apr 2008 and Oct 2011 in 26 localities along the Cuatro Ciénegas region in Coahuila State, northern Mexico. Seventeen species of hosts, mostly corresponding to Nearctic freshwater elements, were studied. A total of 8324 individual worms were collected during this survey, representing 25 species of helminths, of which 9 were digeneans, 3 monogeneans, 3 acanthocephalans, 9 nematodes and 1 cestode. Most of the records in this checklist represent new host or locality records. The information provided in this checklist may be helpful for our understanding of the biodiversity and historical biogeography of this host–parasite system, because in the Cuatro Ciénegas region occur a Nearctic freshwater fish fauna, along with Neotropical and endemic elements, and from a biogeographical point of view, this may represent a transitional area.  相似文献   

Revue des pratiques d'elevage de poissons en cages dans les eaux continentalesA review of fish cage culture as practised in inland waters     

AndréG. Coche 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1978,13(2):157-189

The rearing of fish in cages could greatly contribute to increasing fish production in existing inland waters. Although it presents numerous advantages, its limitations and possible inconveniences must be borne in mind. Well-developed technology is available mainly from the Democratic Republic of Germany, The Netherlands, Japan, the U.S.A., the U.S.S.R. and the Lower Mekong region. Research is currently pursued in numerous other countries, where the use of floating cages in fish culture is becoming increasingly diversified.The most popular fish species used in intensive cultural systems are Cyprinus carpio, Ictalurus punctatus and Salmo gairdneri. In the semi-intensive Asian systems, Barbus spp., Pangasius spp. and murrels are among the favourite cage-reared fishes. Tilapia aurea and Tilapia nilotica have also proved to be well adapted to cage culture. Polyculture is only rarely practised.Floating cages seem to be the best suited for fish culture in most cases. Net cages are the simplest in design and the cheapest to build. The escape of fish, however, always remains an eventuality which might lead to choosing more expensive designs. Maintenance of cages must be regular. For flexibility of exploitation, cages should not be too large. Their location within the water body can play an important role in keeping production high.At high stocking rates, artificial feeding of a well-adapted diet is a necessity. Optimum conversion rates require a well-adjusted daily ration, possibly fractioned. Mechanized feed distribution is to be encouraged as a labour-saving practice. Less intensive systems rely more on locally available wastes, such as trash fish, but the feeding rate then depends mostly on feed prices.Best growth is generally achieved by C. carpio and I. punctatus. Attainable maximum production is as high as 35 kg/m³/month under intensive management. However, generally, production averages from 5 to 30 kg/m³/month for these two species. S. gairdneri is less productive. T. aurea and T. nilotica have both a very good potential. Production in less intensive systems varies greatly according to management practices.  相似文献   

Morphological studies of peripheral blood cells of the Chinese sturgeon, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acipenser sinensis</Emphasis>     

Gao Zexia  Wang Weimin  Yang Yi  Khalid Abbas  Li Dapeng  Zou Guiwei  James S. Diana 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(3):213-222

The peripheral blood cells of one-year-old Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) have been studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The erythrocyte count was 84.86 × 10⁴ cell mm⁻³ in the peripheral blood of the fish and that of leukocytes was 2.24 × 10⁴ cell mm⁻³. The erythrocytes and four main types of leucocyte—thrombocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes (including neutrophils and eosinophils), and monocytes, were identified in the peripheral blood. In addition to normal erythrocytes, reticulocytes and division of erythrocytes were observed. Thrombocytes were the most numerous among the leukocytes, and the number of neutrophils with lobated nuclei was larger than for other fish. The structures of the erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes of the fish were studied. The erythrocytes were almost completely devoid of organelles, except for some mitochondria and granules. A large number of vacuoles and a few organelles were observed in cytoplasm of the monocytes. There were many microvilli on the membrane and pseudopodia-like cytoplasm bulge in the lymphocytes. The neutrophils were round or oval in shape with bilobed, trilobed, or multilobed nuclei whereas the eosinophils had big special granules, dark stained. There were many vesicles in some thrombocytes, which were related to its phagocytosis; some thrombocytes had almost no cytoplasm or organelles.  相似文献   

Parentage assignment of stocked black sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acanthopagrus schlegelii</Emphasis> in Hiroshima Bay using microsatellite DNA markers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dal-Sang Jeong  Enrique Blanco Gonzalez  Kagayaki Morishima  Katsutoshi Arai  Tetsuya Umino 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):823-830

The genetic contribution of 51 broodstock, comprising 29 females and 22 males, reared at Hiroshima City Marine Products Promotion Center for the production of stocked black sea bream was monitored during two consecutive years using seven microsatellite DNA loci. The high discrimination ability of these markers was reflected in the polymorphic identification content (PIC=0.831), the exclusion probability (Q≈1), and the low probability of identity index (I=3.635⁻¹⁰). The total number of breeders contributing to the mating process was estimated at 32 (62.7%) in 2000 and 30 (58.8%) in 2001. On pedigree reconstruction, 69.3% of the offspring were successfully assigned to a single broodstock pair. Loss of alleles accounted for 16.9% during seed production; nevertheless, 90.9% of males and 69.0% of females participated in the mating process. Based on microsatellite genetic tagging, 58.9% of the fish sampled during the two months after release were identified as hatchery stock, presenting no significant differences from wild conspecifics in either fork length or body weight.  相似文献   

Recording cerebellar neuron activities in swimming goldfish   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Noritaka Matsumoto  Masayuki Yoshida  Kazumasa Uematsu 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):512-521

ABSTRACT:   Neuronal activities were investigated in the cerebellum of immobilized and swimming goldfish Carassius auratus . Extracellularly recorded neural activities of the cerebellum in immobilized goldfish were characterized and classified into five types. Based on the waveforms and recording depths, these five neural activity types were estimated to originate from three identified classes of cerebellar neurons: Purkinje cells, eurydendroid cells, and granule cells. Chronic recording of cerebellar neuron activities in unrestrained goldfish was performed for more than 100 h. During the chronic recordings, a submersible amplifier attached to the goldfish head, and a multielectrode array developed for the present study were used. Neuronal activities in the cerebellum of free-swimming fish could also be classified into five types as in the immobilized condition. Firing patterns of two neurons identified as Purkinje cells and eurydendroid cells were analyzed during turning movements of the goldfish. The firing patterns of these neurons changed in relation to turning movements. Although some improvements are required, the chronic recording method developed in the present study can be applied to further investigations concerning the direct relationship between brain neural activities and certain behavior.  相似文献   

Annual dynamics of marine birnavirus (MABV) in cultured Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> and sea water     

Manami Inaba  Takeshi Kimura  Rika Kikukawa  Mitsuko Iwasaki  Masato Nose  Satoru Suzuki 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):615-622

ABSTRACT:   Seasonal changes in the infection state of marine birnavirus (MABV) in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and in rearing sea water are described. Sea water and 10–11 healthy fish were sampled monthly from April 2002 to February 2003. The MABV genome was detected throughout the year in > 80% of the fish examined at each sampling. The virus was isolated from the liver, kidney, and spleen, but not from the brain. The detection rate in each organ increased from April to October, and then decreased. Detection of virus antigen by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique also showed that the virus was present from spring to autumn (June–September) in the liver, kidney, and spleen, but not the brain. Sequence analysis of the MABV genome at the VP2–NS region revealed two specific mutations compared to the standard yellowtail strain (Y-6). It is suggested that the infection state of MABV in Japanese flounder changes to a latent or persistent infection after autumn. MABV was detected in sea water between September and February, suggesting that virus particles in the environment are relatively higher during cool seasons.  相似文献