A comparison of serum immunoglobulin concentrations in neo-natal calves fed substitute colostrums     

AG TODD  PBD WHYTE  PD CARROLL 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(4):154-155

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Relation between respiratory activity and sperm parameters in boar spermatozoa cryopreserved with alpha‐tocopherol and selected by Sephadex          下载免费PDF全文

MM Satorre  E Breininger  PD Cetica  M Córdoba 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(4):979-985

Our aim was to evaluate the effect of Sephadex filtration on respiratory activity of porcine spermatozoa and its relation with quality and functional sperm parameters. Samples were evaluated regarding oxygen uptake and sperm parameters: motility, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, capacitation and acrosome reaction induction in vitro, plasma membrane functionality, determined by the hypo‐osmotic swelling test (HOST), and lipid peroxidation assessed by thiobarbituric acid assay. Sephadex filtration improved all routine quality parameters (motility, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity) and functional parameters (HOST, in vitro capacitation and true acrosome reaction levels) and produced a significant decrease in cryocapacitation and lipid peroxidation. Oxygen uptake increased in Sephadex samples (41 ± 7%) respect to single washing. Oxygen addition of carbonyl‐cyanide‐m‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) confirmed mitochondrial coupling in washed and Sephadex samples; showing an increase of 2.6 and 4.2 times for oxygen consumption in single washing and Sephadex ones, respectively. The increase in oxygen uptake with succinate addition with respect to basal oxygen uptake was significantly lower in Sephadex samples (63 ± 25%) than in the washed ones (183 ± 35%). Sephadex samples showed higher mitochondrial activity measured by oxygen consumption and improved quality and functional parameters. Our study recommends this protocol due to the fact that this filtration method removes dead or damaged spermatozoa allowing to obtain cryopreserved boar spermatozoa with optimized fertilizing capacity.  相似文献   

An epizootic of bovine ephemeral fever in New South Wales in 2008 associated with long-distance dispersal of vectors     

DS Finlaison  AJ Read  PD Kirkland 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(8):301-306

Objective To report the rapid transmission of bovine ephemeral fever ( BEF) virus from north-western New South Wales south to the Victorian border in January 2008 and to present data that suggests an uncommon meteorological event caused this rapid southward dispersal of vectors. Procedure The locations of reported clinical cases, data from sentinel herds and results from a survey of cattle in the southern affected area were examined to delineate the distribution of virus transmission. Synoptic weather charts for January 2008 were examined for meteorological conditions that may have favoured movement of vectors in a southerly direction. Results Cases of BEF and exposure to BEF virus in NSW were confirmed west of the Great Dividing Range, extending from the Queensland border to Finley, on the far North Coast and around the Hunter Valley. A low-pressure system moved south across the state on 18–19 January 2008, preceding the first cases of BEF in the south of NSW by 1–2 days. Conclusion Heavy rainfall in December 2007 provided a suitable environment for vector breeding, resulting in the initiation of and support for continuing BEF virus transmission in north-western NSW. The movement of a low-pressure system south across central western NSW in mid-January 2008 after the commencement of BEF virus transmission in the north-west of the state provided a vehicle for rapid southward movement of infected vectors.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Generation of Ammonia in Different Bedding Materials Used for Horse Keeping     

K. Fleming MSc  E.F. Hessel PD Dr.  H.F.A. Van den Weghe Prof. Dr. Ir. 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2008,28(4):223-231

Bedding material is an important factor in determining stable air quality in terms of ammonia formation. The objective of this study was to analyze different bedding materials used for horse stables under standardized conditions, to determine which material is best suited for improving the climate of a stable. The particular concern was a reduction in gaseous ammonia concentrations. Therefore, the following materials were examined: wheat straw, wood shavings, hemp shives, linen shives, wheat straw pellets, and paper cuttings. Twelve containers were constructed in an environmentally controlled room, and the same material was placed into two containers, with the amount of material used being determined by its carbon content. A defined ratio of horse manure/urine mixture was added daily to each container over a period of 14 days. The concentrations of gaseous ammonia, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and water vapor were measured continuously above the bedding within the containers. Means of gaseous ammonia were found to be 178.0 mg/m³ for wheat straw, 155.2 mg/m³ for wood shavings, 144.6 mg/m³ for hemp, 133.7 mg/m³ for linen, 60.3 mg/m³ for straw pellets, and 162.6 mg/m³ for paper cuttings. In conclusion, the results of this study have shown that straw pellets are suitable for horse stables, not only to improve air quality but also, first and foremost, in relation to ammonia binding and ammonia transformation within the bedding material, respectively. However, straw pellets may also have disadvantages. The high substrate temperatures that were measured in straw pellets could favor the growth of pathologic germs that can adversely affect animals' health.  相似文献   

Neospora caninum and reproductive wastage in extensively managed Queensland beef herds     

G Fordyce  RG Holroyd  J Taylor  PD Kirkland 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(9):385-390

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A study of cardiovascular function under controlled and spontaneous ventilation in isoflurane–medetomidine anaesthetized horses     

Karin S Kalchofner DVM  Diplomate ECVAA    Stephanie Picek Med Vet    Simone K Ringer DVM    Michelle Jackson DVM    Michael Hässig DVM  PhD  & Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger DVM  PhD  PD  Diplomate ECVAA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(5):426-435

Objective To determine, in mildly hypercapnic horses under isoflurane–medetomidine balanced anaesthesia, whether there is a difference in cardiovascular function between spontaneous ventilation (SV) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Study design Prospective randomized clinical study. Animals Sixty horses, undergoing elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia: ASA classification I or II. Methods Horses were sedated with medetomidine and anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and a constant rate infusion of medetomidine. Horses were assigned to either SV or IPPV for the duration of anaesthesia. Horses in group IPPV were maintained mildly hypercapnic (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) 50–60 mmHg, 6.7–8 kPa). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was maintained above 70 mmHg by an infusion of dobutamine administered to effect. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f_R), arterial blood pressure and inspiratory and expiratory gases were monitored continuously. A bolus of ketamine was administered when horses showed nystagmus. Cardiac output was measured using lithium dilution. Arterial blood‐gas analysis was performed regularly. Recovery time was noted and recovery quality scored. Results There were no differences between groups concerning age, weight, body position during anaesthesia and anaesthetic duration. Respiratory rate was significantly higher in group IPPV. Significantly more horses in group IPPV received supplemental ketamine. There were no other significant differences between groups. All horses recovered from anaesthesia without complications. Conclusions There was no difference in cardiovascular function in horses undergoing elective surgery during isoflurane–medetomidine anaesthesia with SV in comparison with IPPV, provided the horses are maintained slightly hypercapnic. Clinical relevance In horses with health status ASA I and II, cardiovascular function under general anaesthesia is equal with or without IPPV if the PaCO₂ is maintained at 50–60 mmHg.  相似文献   

Response of pheasants to live attenuated turkey rhinotracheitis vaccine     

Dalton JR  Niblett J  Thrusfield MV 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(12):341-344

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Severity and persistence of footrot in Merino sheep experimentally infected with a protease thermostable strain of Dichelobacter nodosus at five sites     

LJ DEPIAZZI  WD ROBERTS  CD HAWKINS  MA PALMER  DR PITMAN  NC MCQUADE  PD JELINEK  DJ DEVEREAUX  RJ RIPPON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(1):32-38

Objective To test the hypothesis that ovine footrot associated with a thermostable protease strain of Dichelobacter nodosus undergoes self cure or is sustained as an annually recurring disease, depending on the environment.
Design and procedure Forty Merino sheep from a single blood line were infected with a protease thermostable strain of D nodosus a t each of five sites in Western Australia. Footrot lesions and microscopic evidence of D nodosus were recorded every fortnight for 2.5 years, supplemented by laboratory culture. Rainfall, soil and air temperature, pasture quantity and composition and soil types were also recorded. Flocks that apparently self cured were relocated to a more favourable site for footrot in the final spring season.
Results The maximum prevalence of feet with clinical footrot lesions was 80.6, 1.3, 14.4, 3.8 and 88.1% at the five sites. Severe footrot occurred for three consecutive spring seasons at one site that had clay loam soil and at least 3500 kg/ha total pasture dry matter annually. However, the infection was asymptomatic for up to 10 weeks between outbreaks. D nodosus was isolated from flocks for 2.5 years at only two sites, although there was microscopic evidence of the organism at other sites in the final year. A thermolabile variant (strain U6) of D nodosus was isolated from the two sites where footrot persisted.
Conclusion Depending on time and location, ovine footrot induced by a protease thermostable strain of D nodosus either self cured or persisted as annual outbreaks interspersed with periods of asymptomatic infection.  相似文献   

Digestible protein requirements and muscle growth in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)     

Hellen Buzollo  Lidiane Cristina Gonalves de Sandre  Ligia Maria Neira  Thiago Matias Torres do Nascimento  Rosngela Kiyoko Jomori  Dalton Jos Carneiro 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(3):669-679

Several investigations have been carried out to improve the productivity of tambaqui, an economically important fish species in Brazil and other Latin American countries. This study determined the digestible protein (DP) requirements in juvenile tambaqui by assessing their productive performance and nutritional efficiency. It also evaluated the effects of different dietary DP levels on the morphology and cellularity of skeletal fast muscle fibres. The 1750 tambaqui tested (6.53 ± 0.43 g body weight, 7.58 ± 0.18 cm length) were randomly distributed into 35 tanks. Fish were fed one of the seven isocaloric diets, which contained 140, 170, 200, 230, 260, 290 or 320 g/kg DP. The DP requirement, calculated by segmented (broken line) regression of weight gain data, was 290 g/kg. An increase in diet DP to 290 g/kg significantly improved final weight, weight gain, feed intake, specific growth rate and crude protein gain, and changed fibre diameter in deep muscle. Muscle fibres were randomly distributed into a mosaic pattern, characterized by fibres with different diameters. Treatments with 290 and 320 g/kg DP increased the frequency of large‐diameter fibres (>50 µm), indicating hypertrophic growth of skeletal muscle during the juvenile phase, which occurred in conjunction with hyperplasia.  相似文献   

von Willebrand's disease in Scottish Terriers in Australia     

T. STOKOL  BW PARRY  PD MANSELL 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(11):404-407

SUMMARY Over a 5-year period (1988–92), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) assays were performed on plasma samples from 207 Scottish Terriers. Based on these tests, 47 dogs (23%) had vWf:Ag concentrations < 50 canine units (CU)/dL and were classified as heterozygous carriers of the von Willebrand's disease (vWD) gene, while 9 (4%) had concentrations below the sensitivity of the assays and were classified as homozygous. There was thus an overall prevalence of 27% for the vWD gene in the Scottish Terriers tested. The homozygous dogs (median age 0.6 years at diagnosis) consisted of 7 males and 2 females. Eight of these had haemorrhage attributable to the disease, mostly spontaneous and from the oral mucosa. Other signs included haemorrhage induced by trauma or surgery, easy bruising and epistaxis. Many haemorrhagic episodes were severe enough to warrant therapeutic intervention and there was a single fatality. Pedigree analysis, possible in 7 of the dogs, revealed that each was the progeny of a mating between dogs with vWf:Ag concentrations < 50 CU/dL, which supported an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. A single heterozygous carrier suffered haemorrhage after surgery that, in contrast to the homozygotes, was mild and did not require therapy. The data indicate that vWD is a significant problem in Scottish Terriers in Australia. Accordingly, we recommend that steps be taken to reduce the prevalence of the disease and thereby the number of clinically affected dogs, such as the establishment of a national testing scheme to determine the vWD status of all breeding dogs.  相似文献