Resistance Evaluation of Some Chinese Leading Rice Maintainer, Restorer lines and Their Hybrids to Magnaporthe grisea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHUXu-dong SHENYing HenriADREIT JulienFROUIN DidierHARREAU 《水稻科学》2004,11(3):101-105

Six isolates of Magnaporthe grisea were selected to inoculate on 10 Chinese leading maintainer lines (B-lines), 14 restorer lines (R-lines) and their F1 hybrid plants. In the tested rice materials, R-lines were proved to be more resistant to blast than B-lines. The resistance frequency of about 25% F1 hybrid plants was less than their parents. In addition, 26 isolates of M. grisea collected from different rice growing areas of China were inoculated on 13 new improved hybrid rice combinations. The resistance frequencies of 5 improved hybrids were better than those of the controls and leading varieties in rice production of China.  相似文献   

Assessment of cocoa input needs using soil types and soil spectral analysis     

Kanika Singh  Hitesh B. Vasava  Didier Snoeck  Bhabani S. Das  David Yinil  Damien Field  Todd Sanderson  Chris Fidelis  Israr Majeed  Niranjan Panigrahi 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(3):492-502

In this study, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) approach was examined for making input recommendations in the smallholder cocoa farms of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Soil samples were collected from four provinces of PNG. Soil samples from four different depths (0–10, 10–30, 30–60 and 60–90 cm) of 32 profiles in each of these site were used to create a database of soil chemical and physical properties. Spectral reflectance values at 1 nm interval covering visible to shortwave‐infrared (350–2,500 nm) were collected for each of these soil samples to develop partial least squares regression models. Soil textural fractions, soil organic carbon contents and available N were well predicted by the DRS approach with R² values larger than 0.75. Moderate to poor estimation efficiencies were observed for remaining parameters. Nevertheless, the estimated soil attributes and their corresponding measured soil parameters were used as inputs to an input recommendation model of soil diagnosis to create input recommendation for a targeted cocoa yield of 1,000 kg dry cocoa beans ha^‐1 Resulting input recommendations were similar for both of these input sources (measured and DRS‐estimated) suggesting that the DRS approach may provide an easy way to create input recommendations.  相似文献   

How do veterinarians influence sales of antimicrobials? A spatial‐temporal analysis of the French prescribing‐delivery complex in cattle     

Guillaume Lhermie  Yrj Tapio Grhn  Thomas Serrand  Pierre Sans  Didier Raboisson 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(3):231-242

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Comment on "Slip-rate measurements on the Karakorum Fault may imply secular variations in fault motion"     

Brown ET  Molnar P  Bourlès DL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5739):1326; author reply 1326

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A giant virus in amoebae     

La Scola B  Audic S  Robert C  Jungang L  de Lamballerie X  Drancourt M  Birtles R  Claverie JM  Raoult D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5615):2033

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A cellular framework for gut-looping morphogenesis in zebrafish     

Horne-Badovinac S  Rebagliati M  Stainier DY 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5645):662-665

Many vertebrate organs adopt asymmetric positions with respect to the midline, but little is known about the cellular changes and tissue movements that occur downstream of left-right gene expression to produce this asymmetry. Here, we provide evidence that the looping of the zebrafish gut results from the asymmetric migration of the neighboring lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Mutations that disrupt the epithelial structure of the LPM perturb this asymmetric migration and inhibit gut looping. Asymmetric LPM migration still occurs when the endoderm is ablated from the gut-looping region, suggesting that the LPM can autonomously provide a motive force for gut displacement. Finally, reducing left-sided Nodal activity randomizes the pattern of LPM migration and gut looping. These results reveal a cellular framework for the regulation of organ laterality by asymmetrically expressed genes.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial peptides keep insect endosymbionts under control     

Login FH  Balmand S  Vallier A  Vincent-Monégat C  Vigneron A  Weiss-Gayet M  Rochat D  Heddi A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6054):362-365

Vertically transmitted endosymbionts persist for millions of years in invertebrates and play an important role in animal evolution. However, the functional basis underlying the maintenance of these long-term resident bacteria is unknown. We report that the weevil coleoptericin-A (ColA) antimicrobial peptide selectively targets endosymbionts within the bacteriocytes and regulates their growth through the inhibition of cell division. Silencing the colA gene with RNA interference resulted in a decrease in size of the giant filamentous endosymbionts, which escaped from the bacteriocytes and spread into insect tissues. Although this family of peptides is commonly linked with microbe clearance, this work shows that endosymbiosis benefits from ColA, suggesting that long-term host-symbiont coevolution might have shaped immune effectors for symbiont maintenance.  相似文献   

Microbe interactions undermine predictions     

Raoult D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6014):144-5; author reply 145-7

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Virology. Picking the right spot     

Trono D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5626):1670-1671

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A rule-based method for the development of crop management systems applied to grain sorghum in south-western France     

Philippe Debaeke  Jean-Marie Nolot  Didier Raffaillac 《Agricultural Systems》2006,90(1-3):180-201

A generic approach is proposed for the development and testing of crop management systems in contrasting situations of water availability. Ecophysiological knowledge, expertise, regional references and simulation models are combined to devise management strategies adapted to production targets and constraints. The next stage consists of converting these crop management strategies into logical and consistent sets of decision rules. Each rule describes the reasoning which is used to apply a technical decision by taking account of observed or simulated environmental conditions or predicted agronomic risks.

This approach was applied to design crop management systems for grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) in south-western France. For spring-sown crops, management (sowing date, plant density, varietal choice, N fertilizer rate and timing) was based on water availability, both for economic and environmental reasons. Specific sets of decision rules were written for irrigated and rainfed conditions. The establishment of rules was based on agronomic principles (e.g. for plant density) or on the application of a simulation model (e.g. for sowing date, variety). N fertilization and irrigation were applied using combined N and water dynamic models.

A novel methodology combining crop diagnosis, analytical trials and crop simulation was developed to evaluate the management systems. An irrigated and a rainfed rule-based management system were compared near Toulouse (S.W. France) from 1995 to 2002. The profitability of rainfed low-input management was confirmed for sorghum in spite of high yields under irrigation (up to 10 t ha⁻¹). The adaptation of sorghum management in rainfed conditions was mainly achieved through early maturing cultivars and by reducing N applications by 65%.  相似文献