Associations between immune competence phenotype and feedlot health and productivity in Angus cattle     

Brad C Hine  Amy M Bell  Dominic D O Niemeyer  Christian J Duff  Nick M Butcher  Sonja Dominik  Laercio R Porto-Neto  Yutao Li  Antonio Reverter  Aaron B Ingham  Ian G Colditz 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(2)

Genetic strategies aimed at improving general immune competence (IC) have the potential to reduce the incidence and severity of disease in beef production systems, with resulting benefits of improved animal health and welfare and reduced reliance on antibiotics to prevent and treat disease. Implementation of such strategies first requires that methodologies be developed to phenotype animals for IC and demonstration that these phenotypes are associated with health outcomes. We have developed a methodology to identify IC phenotypes in beef steers during the yard weaning period, which is both practical to apply on-farm and does not restrict the future sale of tested animals. In the current study, a total of 838 Angus steers, previously IC phenotyped at weaning, were categorized as low (n = 98), average (n = 653), or high (n = 88) for the IC phenotype. Detailed health and productivity data were collected on all steers during feedlot finishing, and associations between IC phenotype, health outcomes, and productivity were investigated. A favorable association between IC phenotype and number of mortalities during feedlot finishing was observed with higher mortalities recorded in low IC steers (6.1%) as compared with average (1.2%, P < 0.001) or high (0%, P = 0.018) IC steers. Disease incidence was numerically highest in low IC steers (15.3 cases/100 animals) and similar in average IC steers (10.1 cases/100 animals) and high IC steers (10.2 cases/100 animals); however, differences between groups were not significant. No significant influence of IC phenotype on average daily gain was observed, suggesting that selection for improved IC is unlikely to incur a significant penalty to production. The potential economic benefits of selecting for IC in the feedlot production environment were calculated. Health-associated costs were calculated as the sum of lost production costs, lost capital investment costs, and disease treatment costs. Based on these calculations, health-associated costs were estimated at AUS$103/head in low IC steers, AUS$25/head in average IC steers, and AUS$4/head in high IC steers, respectively. These findings suggest that selection for IC has the potential to reduce mortalities during feedlot finishing and, as a consequence, improve the health and welfare of cattle in the feedlot production environment and reduce health-associated costs incurred by feedlot operators.  相似文献   

AORTIC AND CARDIAC MINERALIZATION IN THE DOG     

Tobias  Schwarz  MA  Dr. Med. Vet.  Martin  Sullivan  BVMS  PhD  Christoph K.  Störk  Dr. Med. Vet.  Ruth  Willis  BVM&S  Ross  Harley  BVM&S  MSc  Dominic J.  Mellor  BVMS  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(5):419-427

Aortic and cardiac mineralization was found in 21 of 3443 (0.61%) canine thoracic radiographs. In none of 786 feline thoracic radiographs reviewed were such lesions present. Mineralizations were superimposed on the ascending aorta (19 dogs) or on the caudal cardiac silhouette (2 dogs). In 2 of 4 dogs mineralization was identified echocardiographically dorsal to the aortic valve in close proximity to coronary arteries. Computed tomography confirmed mineralization of the aortic arch and root in 2 of 2 dogs. Necropsy and histopathologic examination in 1 dog revealed multiple nodular aortic tunica media calcifications with adjacent areas of degeneration. Lesions were significantly overrepresented in older dogs and in Rottweilers, and regarded as dystrophic calcification, caused either by age-related degenerative changes or chronic disease-related processes. There was no evidence of clinical significance attributed to the mineralization in any dog. Aortic and cardiac mineralization should be recognized as an incidental, non-significant finding in dogs of advanced age and differentiated from pleural and pulmonary structures.  相似文献   

Clinical findings and outcomes of 153 dogs surgically treated for intestinal intussusceptions     

Philippe Chagnon Larose DVM  Ameet Singh DVM  DVSc  DACVS-SA  Michelle A. Giuffrida VMD  MSCE  DACVS  Galina Hayes PhD  DACVECC  DACVS  James Franklin Moyer BSc  Janet A. Grimes DVM  MS  DACVS-SA  Jeffrey Runge DVM  DACVS  Chiara Curcillo DVM  Christopher B. Thomson DVM  Philipp D. Mayhew BVM&S  DACVS-SA  Ross Bernstein DVM  Christopher Dominic DVM  Kelley Thieman Mankin DVM  DACVS-SA  Penny Regier DVM  MS  DACVS-SA  J. Brad Case DVM  MS  DACVS-SA  Shiori Arai DVM  PhD  DACVS-SA  Mathieu Gatineau DMV  IPSAV  MSc  DACVS  DECVS  DACVSMR  Julius M. Liptak BVSC  MVetClinStud  FACVSc  DACVS-SA  DECVS  ACVS  Charles Bruce DVM  DVSc  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(5):870-878

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Reference intervals for biochemical analytes in serum and heparinized plasma and serum protein fractions in adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)     

Dawson DR  DeFrancisco RJ  Mix SD  Stokol T 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(4):538-548

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Effects of opsonization of Rhodococcus equi on bacterial viability and phagocyte activation     

Dawson DR  Nydam DV  Price CT  Graham JE  Cynamon MH  Divers TJ  Felippe MJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(11):1465-1475

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Feline blood transfusions: A pinker shade of pale     

Barfield D  Adamantos S 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(1):11-23

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: blood transfusions are a potentially life-saving procedure that are within the reach of most small animal practitioners. Only minimal equipment is required. PATIENT GROUP: any cat with clinical signs attributable to a reduced red blood cell mass that is affecting oxygen transport (as a result of reduced packed cell volume or acute blood loss) is a potential candidate for a transfusion. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: although the principles of transfusion medicine are not complicated, there can be fatal consequences if certain steps are omitted. DIAGNOSTICS: blood typing kits and blood filters are readily available from veterinary wholesalers, laboratories and blood banking services. EVIDENCE BASE: over the past three decades, a substantial body of clinical research and reports has built up covering feline blood types and transfusion medicine. This article draws on that research to provide clinical guidance aimed at all veterinarians in feline or small animal practice who either currently practise transfusion medicine or plan to do so.  相似文献   

Reserpine: inhibition of olfactory blockage of pregnancy in mice     

C J Dominic 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,152(730):1764-1765

Failure of pregnancy in newly mated female mice exposed to fresh urine from alien males is prevented by administration of reserpine, at 6.25 micrograms per day per female, on days 1 to 5 post coitum-that is, throughout the period of exposure to male urine and for 2 more days. Since reserpine is known to suppress the inhibitory center in the hypothalamus controlling the release of prolactin, inhibition by reserpine of the blockage of pregnancy provides a strong direct indication of hypothalamic mediation in the male-induced failure of pregnancy in mice.  相似文献   

Prevalence and risk factors for feline obesity in a first opinion practice in Glasgow,Scotland     

Emily A. Courcier  Rachel O’Higgins  Dominic J. Mellor  Philippa S. Yam 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(10):746-753

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Altitude,tree species and soil type are the main factors influencing the severity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaeoramularia</Emphasis> leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus in the humid zones of Cameroon     

Eunice Golda Danièle Ndo  Faustin Bella-Manga  Sali Atanga Ndindeng  Michel Ndoumbe-Nkeng  Ajong Dominic Fontem  Christian Cilas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(3):385-397

In Cameroon and most countries of tropical Africa where Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus is reported, a total yield loss of 50–100% is common. For effective control of this disease, it is imperative to understand how it originates, and which factors contribute to its development. To this end, the environmental and biological characteristics of each tree from 39 sites located in 13 citrus production basins in the humid zones of Cameroon were collected by means of a survey. Information was collected by interviewing heads of households, and by visual inspection of trees and their environment. The independent variable was severity of the disease while the dependent variables were environmental and biological characteristics. Climatic characteristics varied from one basin to another. The 13 citrus production basins were regrouped in five categories based on disease severity. Altitude, tree species and soil type were the main factors influencing the disease severity. Thus the higher is the altitude, the more important is the disease severity. Also, disease severity increased with increasing number of grape fruit, orange and pummelo trees. However, disease severity was lower on trees growing on volcanic soils as compared with the other soil types. Further analysis of these factors could lead to the development of a risk assessment model for Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot of citrus.  相似文献   

Use of calcium folinate in the management of accidental methotrexate ingestion in two dogs     

Lewis DH  Barfield DM  Humm KR  Goggs RA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2010,237(12):1450-1454

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