Small Animal Internal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses     

Donna Morley 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(9):892

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Glutathione S-transferase in intestine,liver and hepatic lesions of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a creosote-contaminated environment     

Peter A. Van Veld  Unchu Ko  Wolfgang K. Vogelbein  Donna J. Westbrook 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1991,9(4):369-376

Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GSH transferase) activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was elevated approximately three to four-fold in intestine and liver of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) collected from a creosote-contaminated site in the Elizabeth River, Virginia. Intestinal GSH transferase activity at the most heavily contaminated site, at a moderately contaminated site and at a relatively clean site averaged 3.64, 2.83 and 1.11µmoles/min/mg respectively, while values for liver at these sites averaged 2.84, 1.75 and 0.93µmoles/min/mg. In addition, densitometric tracings of sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels of intestine and liver cytosol revealed a similar trend in the staining intensity of a 25.8 kD protein band, which lies within the molecular weight range of GSH transferase subunits. Activity in putative preneoplastic and neoplastic hepatic lesions of fish collected from the creosote-contaminated site was not significantly different from that of adjacent normal tissue. In the laboratory, dietary betanaphthoflavone (ßNF) treatment resulted in a three-fold increase in intestinal GSH transferase. Hepatic GSH transferase activity in the same fish was not affected by dietary ßNF although hepatic monooxygenase activity, measured as ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), was. The results of this study indicate a response of the intestinal detoxification system to environmental contaminants and supports previous studies on the importance of intestinal metabolism of foreign compounds. Further, our results indicate the trend towards elevated GSH transferase in liver of feral fish could not be attributed to a cancerous disease state in these fish but indicates chemical induction in this organ as well.  相似文献   

Anthocyanin-rich açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit pulp fractions attenuate inflammatory stress signaling in mouse brain BV-2 microglial cells     

Poulose SM  Fisher DR  Larson J  Bielinski DF  Rimando AM  Carey AN  Schauss AG  Shukitt-Hale B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(4):1084-1093

Age-related diseases of the brain compromise memory, learning, and movement and are directly linked with increases in oxidative stress and inflammation. Previous research has shown that supplementation with berries can modulate signaling in primary hippocampal neurons or BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Because of their high polyphenolic content, fruit pulp fractions of a?ai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) were explored for their protective effect on BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Freeze-dried a?ai pulp was fractionated using solvents with different polarities and analyzed using HPLC for major anthocyanins and other phenolics. Fractions extracted using methanol (MEOH) and ethanol (ETOH) were particularly rich in anthocyanins such as cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, and peonidin, whereas the fraction extracted using acetone (ACE) was rich in other phenolics such as catechin, ferulic acid, quercetin, resveratrol, and synergic and vanillic acids. Studies were conducted to investigate the mitigating effects of a?ai pulp extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL) induced oxidative stress and inflammation; treatment of BV-2 cells with acai fractions resulted in significant (p < 0.05) decreases in nitrite production, accompanied by a reduction in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The inhibition pattern was emulated with the ferulic acid content among the fractions. The protection of microglial cells by a?ai pulp extracts, particularly that of MEOH, ETOH, and ACE fractions, was also accompanied by a significant concentration-dependent reduction in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The current study offers valuable insights into the protective effects of a?ai pulp fractions on brain cells, which could have implications for improved cognitive and motor functions.  相似文献   

Women in science: a top-down approach     

Nelson DJ  Brammer CN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5880):1159-1160

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Gender differences and performance in science     

Muller CB  Ride SM  Fouke J  Whitney T  Denton DD  Cantor N  Nelson DJ  Plummer J  Busch-Vishniac I  Meyers C  Rosser SV  Schiebinger L  Roberts E  Burgess D  Beeson C  Metz SS  Sanders L  Watford BA  Ivey ES  Frank Fox M  Wettack S  Klawe M  Wulf WA  Girgus J  Leboy PS  Babco EL  Shanahan B  Didion C  Chubin DE  Frize M  Ganter SL  Nalley EA  Franz J  Abruña HD  Strober MH  Zimmer Daniels J  Carter EA  Rhodes JH  Schrijver I  Zakian VA  Simons B  Martin U  Boaler J  Jolluck KR  Mankekar P  Gray RM  Conkey MW  Stansky P  Xie A  Martin P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5712):1043

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Is HACCP Nothing? A Disjoint Constitution between Inspectors, Processors, and Consumers and the Cider Industry in Michigan   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Toby A. Ten Eyck  Donna Thede  Gerd Bode  Leslie Bourquin 《Agriculture and Human Values》2006,23(2):205-214

The transmission of a product or idea from one culture or point of origin to another and the maintenance of control outside the new locality has been referred to as the distribution and maintenance of “nothing.” This perspective has been used to describe the global marketplace and the influence of large multinational corporations on the politics and cultures of host countries. This paper uses this concept, but within a much smaller context. Using the sensitizing concept of a “disjoint constitution,” we interviewed health inspectors and apple cider producers in Michigan to determine if the implementation of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) program designed to ensure food safety was characterized by a power differential that would favor the inspectors. In addition, a larger survey of processors and an internet survey of apple cider consumers was conducted to supplement this data. It was found that HACCP had characteristics of both “nothing” and “something” and that better communication is needed between these groups to move it further along toward the something end of the continuum. Toby A. Ten Eyck is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and affiliated with the National Food Safety and Toxicology Center at Michigan State University. His work focuses on the development, dissemination, and interpretation of mass media risk messages. Donna J. Thede completed her Ph.D in Food Science partially through this research project and is now a Senior Scientist in Nutrition & Regulatory Affairs with the Kellogg Company.  Gerd Bobe conducts research on nutrition and cancer as a fellow in the Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland). Previously, he evaluated food safety policies for the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and the National Food Safety and Toxicology Center at Michigan State University. Leslie D. Bourquin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and is affiliated with the National Food Safety and Toxicology Center and Food Safety Policy Center at Michigan State University. His research examines factors influencing the effective implementation of food safety standards and the ultimate impacts of these standards on public health.  相似文献   

Demographic histories and patterns of linkage disequilibrium in Chinese and Indian rhesus macaques     

Hernandez RD  Hubisz MJ  Wheeler DA  Smith DG  Ferguson B  Rogers J  Nazareth L  Indap A  Bourquin T  McPherson J  Muzny D  Gibbs R  Nielsen R  Bustamante CD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5822):240-243

To understand the demographic history of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and document the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genome, we partially resequenced five Encyclopedia of DNA Elements regions in 9 Chinese and 38 captive-born Indian rhesus macaques. Population genetic analyses of the 1467 single-nucleotide polymorphisms discovered suggest that the two populations separated about 162,000 years ago, with the Chinese population tripling in size since then and the Indian population eventually shrinking by a factor of four. Using coalescent simulations, we confirmed that these inferred demographic events explain a much faster decay of LD in Chinese (r(2) approximately 0.15 at 10 kilobases) versus Indian (r(2) approximately 0.52 at 10 kilobases) macaque populations.  相似文献   

Noise reactivity in three breeds of herding dogs: What the crossroads of demography,ethology, and genetics can tell us     

Karen Overall  Steven P. Hamilton  Melanie Lee Chang  Jennifer S. Yokoyama  Donna J. Dyer  Arthur E. Dunham  Nicholas Branson  Soraya Juarbe-Diaz 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(2):70-71

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In Vitro Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor or Insulin-Like Growth Factor on Tenoblast Migration on Absorbable Suture Material   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

H.W. Jann  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    Larry E. Stein  Ph.D.    Donna A. Slater  DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1999,28(4):268-278

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or insulin-like growth factor (IGF) on tenoblast migration on absorbable suture material using an in vitro model. STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro evaluation of tenoblast migration. ANIMAL OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Segments of the long digital flexor tendon were obtained from Cobb chickens (9-11 weeks old) immediately after the birds were euthanatized. METHODS: Tissue culture explants of tendons containing absorbable suture material were treated with either EGF or IGF. Tenoblast migration was assessed daily using an inverted microscope equipped with bright field and phase optics. Tenoblast migration was assessed according to the following criteria: time of first cell appearance, percent of explant interfaces producing cells, migration distance, and terminal migration index at 120 and 168 hours. RESULTS: EGF had a stimulatory effect on tenoblast migration for cells originating from the endotenon interfaces. No significant effect was noted on migration distance for cells originating from epitenon interfaces. A stimulatory effect on the percentage of interfaces producing cells and a significant decrease in time of first cell appearance were also observed after EGF treatment. IGF-stimulated cell migration distance for epitenon interfaces but this stimulatory effect did not occur at a higher concentration. IGF was inhibitory to percent of epitenon and endotenon interfaces producing cells but decreased time of first cell appearance at low concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Using an in vitro model, EGF had a stimulatory effect on tenoblast migration. IGF was stimulatory at low concentration levels but inhibitory at a higher concentration. Increased migration distance was observed for endotenon interfaces after EGF treatment and for epitenon interfaces after IGF treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: EGF or IGF might enhance tendon repair if they could be delivered to the repair site. Incorporation of EGF or IGF into suture material would allow slow release and prolonged exposure of migrating tenoblasts to growth factors.  相似文献   

Protection of Brassica seedlings against downy mildew and damping-off by seed treatment with CGA 245704, an activator of systemic acquired resistance     

Brita D. Jensen  A. Olumide Latunde-Dada  Donna Hudson  John A. Lucas 《Pest management science》1998,52(1):63-69

Control of seedling diseases is a major priority in many crop systems. Seed treatments that induce systemic resistance after seedling emergence may be an ideal way to provide protection against disease during the establishment of the crop. CGA 245704, a chemical activator of systemic acquired resistance, was tested as a seed treatment against two Brassica diseases with contrasting infection biologies, the airborne downy mildew pathogen, Peronospora parasitica, and the soilborne fungus, Rhizoctonia solani. Seeds of two Brassica spp. were either imbibed with various concentrations of the compound or imbibed and then dried. Both the imbibition treatment alone and the imbibition treatment followed by seed drying had a significant effect on the sporulation intensity of P. parasitica for all concentrations of the compound used, whereas the imbibition treatment provided some control of damping-off caused by R. solani, with the degree of control being highly dependent on the concentration applied to the seed. Seed treatment with the plant activator CGA 245704 might therefore simultaneously control several seedling diseases, thereby providing a novel option for management of these diseases. © 1998 SCI.  相似文献