Vaccine production in plant systems--an aid to the control of viral diseases in domestic animals: a review     

Loza-Rubio E  Rojas-Anaya E 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2010,58(4):511-522

Plants have been identified as promising expression systems for the commercial production of vaccines because of the possibility of introducing exogenous genes into them, which permits the development of a new generation of biological products called edible vaccines. The advantages of oral vaccines of this new type are that they induce mucosal, humoral, cellular and protective immunity, they are cheaper, easier to store, distribute and administer, they do not require cold chain management, and some species can be stored for long periods of time without any spoilage and may be administered as purified proteins. Owing to these benefits, plant-produced vaccines represent a valuable option for animal health. The aim of this paper is to present a review of plant-produced vaccines against viruses affecting domestic animals. Some aspects of the feasibility of their use and the immune response elicited by such vaccines are also discussed, as the balance between tolerance and immunogenicity is a major concern for the use of plant-based vaccines.  相似文献   

Dietary protein requirement of zebra sea bream (Diplodus cervinus,Lowe 1838) juveniles          下载免费PDF全文

F. Coutinho  H. Peres  C. Castro  A. Pérez‐Jiménez  R. Magalhães  P. Pousão‐Ferreira  A. Oliva‐Teles 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(2):465-471

A 14 weeks growth trial was performed to estimate the protein requirement for growth and maintenance of zebra sea bream (Diplodus cervinus) juveniles. For that purpose, nine isolipidic diets were formulated to contain increasing protein levels (from 50 to 550 g kg^?1) at the expense of carbohydrate. Each diet was assigned to duplicate groups of 20 fish, with an average body weight of 7.7 g. Feed efficiency improved with dietary protein up to 400 g kg^?1, no further differences being noticed at higher protein levels. Fish fed the 50 g kg^?1 protein diet lost weight during the trial. In the other groups, weight gain improved as dietary protein increased up to 350–400 g kg^?1. Fish fed diets with 250 g kg^?1 protein or lower had lower whole‐body protein content than the other groups. A curvilinear‐plateau model was used to adjust weight gain and protein gain (g kg ABW^?1 day^?1) to dietary protein levels. Based on that model, the optimum dietary protein requirement for maximum weight gain was estimated to be 437.6 g kg^?1 and for maximum protein gain 461.9 g kg^?1, corresponding to a protein intake of 7.63 g kg ABW^?1 day^?1. Protein requirement for maintenance was estimated to be 1.01 g kg ABW^?1 day^?1.  相似文献   

Dilution stress facilitates colonization of invasive mosquitofish in a saline Mediterranean stream: population biology response     

Ana Ruiz‐Navarro  David Verdiell‐Cubedo  Mar Torralva  Francisco J. Oliva‐Paterna 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2013,23(1):77-87

Histopathological alterations in Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis, from a polluted Huelva estuary (SW, Spain)     

M. Oliva  J. J. Vicente-Martorell  M. D. Galindo-Riaño  J. A. Perales 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(3):523-545

As a component of a large research project to evaluate the effects of contaminants on fish health in the field, histopathological studies have been conducted to help establish causal relationship between pollutants (heavy metals and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons—PAHs) and histopathological responses in Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis, from an estuary of SW Spain. Heavy metals (As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Fe) and 16 PAHs (proprietary USEPA) concentrations in water, sediment and tissues (liver and gills) and histopathological alterations in S. senegalensis from three sampling sites of Ria de Huelva estuary during 2004–2006 years have been analysed. The histopathological studies revealed seasonal and spatial differences in the lesion grade of alterations observing the highest lesion grades in fish from Odiel River and autumn season. No significant differences were observed in the alterations prevalence between sampling sites, but significant differences were observed between seasons observing the highest prevalence in autumn season. However, calculated IPAT demonstrated a low–moderate impact of pollutants on health fish. Correlations between histopathological alterations and pollutants analysed were observed being heavy metals the group that presented a major number of correlations with alterations in several organs of S. senegalensis. In evaluating the general health of fish, the use of histopathological studies in recommended for making more reliable assessment of biochemical responses in fish exposed to a variety of environmental stressors. Statistical analysis using semiquantitative data on pathological lesions can help to establish correlation between cause (stressor) and effect (biomarker).  相似文献   

Saponins and phytosterols in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles: effects on growth,intestinal morphology and physiology          下载免费PDF全文

A. Couto  T.M. Kortner  M. Penn  G. Østby  A.M. Bakke  Å. Krogdahl  A. Oliva‐Teles 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(2):180-193

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of two soy antinutrients, saponins and phytosterols, on growth, intestinal health and function of European sea bass juveniles. Seven fishmeal‐based diets were formulated: a control diet without antinutrients and six experimental diets containing low or high levels of soyasaponins (SapL and SapH, respectively), low or high levels of phytosterols (PhytL and PhytH, respectively) and low or high levels of soyasaponins + phytosterols (SapPhytL and SapPhytH, respectively). A feeding trial was conducted for 59 days after which blood was collected for plasmatic cholesterol quantification and intestinal samples were collected for histology, digestive enzymes activity and gene expression analysis. Histology was also performed at day 15. PhytL resulted in high distal intestine (DI) relative weight and decreased plasma cholesterol, while PhytH caused inflammatory changes in the DI. SapH depressed maltase and alkaline phosphatase activity in DI and the histological evaluation indicated some inflammatory changes. The SapPhytH resulted in decreased maltase activity in the DI and indications of inflammatory changes that were supported by the results on gene expression profiles. The antinutrients tested did not compromise growth, however, caused some gastrointestinal disturbance that may affect fish in the long term.  相似文献   

Effects of fish oil replacement by a vegetable oil blend on digestibility,postprandial serum metabolite profile,lipid and glucose metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles          下载免费PDF全文

C. Castro  G. Corraze  S. Panserat  A. Oliva‐Teles 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(5):592-603

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Water temperature does not affect protein sparing by dietary carbohydrate in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles     

Inês Guerreiro  Helena Peres  Carolina Castro  Amalia Pérez‐Jiménez  Manuela Castro‐Cunha  Aires Oliva‐Teles 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(2):289-298

The effect of dietary protein reduction balanced by an increase in carbohydrate (starch) level on growth performance, feed utilization and intermediary metabolism of Senegalese sole juveniles was evaluated at two temperatures, 12 and 18°C. For that purpose two isolipidic (16% lipids) diets were formulated to contain 550gkg^?1 protein and 90gkg^?1 starch (diet HP:LC), and 450gkg^?1 protein and 200gkg^?1 starch (diet LP:HC). Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial body weight: 15.9g) within each temperature. Diets had no effect on growth and feed utilization. Temperature affected growth but not feed efficiency, with fish growing more at 18°C. Fatty acid synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were higher at 12°C than at 18°C while activity of the other measured enzymes was not affected by water temperature. Glucokinase and malic enzyme activities were lower while fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase activity was higher in fish fed the HP:LC diet. Our data suggest that protein can be reduced from 550 gkg^?1 to 450 gkg^?1 by increasing starch level in high lipid diets for Senegalese sole juveniles without affecting overall performance. A reduction in protein content through an increase in dietary starch decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis. Increasing temperature from 12°C to 18°C improves fish growth but does not affect feed efficiency.  相似文献   

National surveillance for human and pet contact with oral rabies vaccine baits, 2001-2009     

Roess AA  Rea N  Lederman E  Dato V  Chipman R  Slate D  Reynolds MG  Damon IK  Rupprecht CE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(2):163-168

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Runoff,soil loss,and nutrient depletion under traditional and alternative cropping systems in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt,Central Mexico     

M. Bravo‐Espinosa  M. E. Mendoza  L. Medina‐Orozco  C. Prat  F. García‐Oliva  E. Lpez‐Granados 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2009,20(6):640-653

In the Transmexican Volcanic Belt a traditional fallow system is practiced, called “ año y vez ” (AV), which does not benefit soil conservation due to its low level of nutrient recycling and because soil protection is poor during the cultivation year. The objective of the present work was to measure runoff and soil and nutrient losses during three annual cycles (2002–2004) in Central Mexico under AV rotation and two alternative systems: improved traditional (IT) and traditional organic (TO). Soil losses in the three systems were moderate (<1.2 Mg ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) except during 2002, in which significant soil losses were recorded in IT and TO due to the scarcity of plant cover (<20 per cent) that was present throughout the rainy season. During the resting period of the AV system (2003), the annual runoff increased from 19 to about 600 per cent, compared to IT and TO without grazing. The difference in runoff was attributed to an 18 per cent increase in bulk density of soil surface (0–5 cm) caused by cattle trampling while grazing. Nutrient losses in the three treatments were mainly of N, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺. These results suggest that AV has a higher topsoil degradation effect during the resting year than during the cultivation period. The study shows that incorporating the maize/beans‐black oat rotation and residue cover causes a low runoff response that is important in reducing soil degradation. A spatial analysis is presented of erosion at watershed level for two soil management systems assessed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Abdominal obesity and the prevalence of diabetes and intermediate hyperglycaemia in Chinese adults     

He Y  Zhai F  Ma G  Feskens EJ  Zhang J  Fu P  Van't Veer P  Yang X 《Public health nutrition》2009,12(8):1078-1084

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