A Nondestructive,Remote Sensing-Based Estimation of the Economic Value of Aboveground Temperate Forest Biomass (Case Study: Hyrcanian Forests,Nowshahr-Iran)     

Elham Karimzadeh Jafari  Hamed Naghavi  Hooman Latifi 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2020,39(7):750-770

ABSTRACT

Background: Traditional field-based methods of measurement of biomass and carbon storage face difficulty in collecting time-consuming and expensive, suggests the use of remote sensing-based techniques. It estimates the economic value of the aboveground biomass (AGB) using satellite remote sensing across the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Methods: The Landsat-8 OLI sensor data were combined with field-based allometric information of 186 circular sample plots. The AGB was calculated at the plot level using the collected data and specific volumetric mass for species in the studied area. It was followed by calculating the carbon storage using a 50% carbon coefficient and the photosynthesis equation at the forest parcel level. Model results using the random forest and support vector machines. The carbon sequestration value was calculated with USD 25.3 as a shadow value of carbon in 2014 and using the replacement cost approach. Results: The highest performances achieved by RF for biomass, carbon storage and the carbon storage value (Iranian Rials of 0.67% and 16%, respectively). The value was derived once at the plot level of 12.22 million IRR (370.43 USD) per ha. In addition, at the parcel level, which resulted in an estimated value of 12.87 million IRR (390.24 USD) per ha.  相似文献   

Demonstration of blind quantum computing     

Barz S  Kashefi E  Broadbent A  Fitzsimons JF  Zeilinger A  Walther P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6066):303-308

Quantum computers, besides offering substantial computational speedups, are also expected to preserve the privacy of a computation. We present an experimental demonstration of blind quantum computing in which the input, computation, and output all remain unknown to the computer. We exploit the conceptual framework of measurement-based quantum computation that enables a client to delegate a computation to a quantum server. Various blind delegated computations, including one- and two-qubit gates and the Deutsch and Grover quantum algorithms, are demonstrated. The client only needs to be able to prepare and transmit individual photonic qubits. Our demonstration is crucial for unconditionally secure quantum cloud computing and might become a key ingredient for real-life applications, especially when considering the challenges of making powerful quantum computers widely available.  相似文献   

Comparison of three models describing bromide transport affected by different soil structure types     

Azadeh Safadoust  Elham Amiri Khaboushan  Ali Akbar Mahboubi  Bahram Gharabaghi  Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi  Beau Ahrens 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(5):674-687

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil structure on bromide (Br) transport through three soils with granular, prismatic, and single-grain structures. The breakthrough curve (BTC) of the single-grain structure was sigmoidal, symmetrical and similar to a piston flow, showing the dominance of mass flow. In contrast, the BTCs of the granular and prismatic structures were initially steep, becoming more gradual at high pore volumes (PVs). The stable structure and preferential pathways caused the early breakthrough of Br in the leachate of these columns. The convection–dispersion equation (CDE), mobile–immobile water (MIM), and dual-permeability (DP) models were fitted to observed data using the program HYDRUS-1D. The equilibrium transport model (CDE) was not as successful as non-equilibrium (MIM and DP) models in describing the Br transport in prismatic and granular soil columns, although it was able to describe the Br transport in single-grain column well. Overall, the results demonstrated the importance of soil structure in pollutant transport through soils.  相似文献   

Vegetable oil blend as alternative lipid resources in diets for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Elham A. Wassef  Norhan E. Saleh  Heyam A. El-Abd El-Hady 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(5):421-435

The recent decreasing worldwide supplies of marine oils have forced the aquaculture industry to investigate alternative lipid sources for use in marine fish feeds. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of dietary replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth performance, nutritive utilization, body composition, and fatty acid profile as well as feed cost. Two dietary vegetable oil (VO) mix blends (VO1 and VO2) in which: sunflower (SO), cottonseed (CO) and linseed (LO) for VO1 or soybean oil (SBO) for VO2, were tested as 60% fish oil (FO) substitutes versus the 100% FO control or reference diet (FO). Three iso-proteic (46% CP) and iso-lipidic (18%) experimental diets were hand fed, twice a day, 6 days a week to apparent visual satiety to triplicate groups of seabream growers (average initial weight, 130.9 ± 3.44 g), until fish reached market size (300–400 g/fish) after 20 weeks at mean ambient temperature 27.0 ± 1.8°C. All experimental diets were well accepted by seabream growers regardless of the different lipid sources used, as overall mean feed intake (FI) and daily intake (DFI) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among dietary treatments. In terms of growth performance, fish fed VO1 diet (with LO) exhibited a relatively lower, but significant (P < 0.05), total weight gain (WG) than fish fed all FO diet (FO). However, mean value of WG of fish fed either vegetable oil-tested diet was nonsignificantly different. Feeding seabream growers vegetable oil (VO) diets (VO1 or VO2) had no significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR), daily weight index (DWI), or feed conversion ratio (FCR) among dietary treatments. Consumption of VO for 20 weeks did not significantly alter the major nutrient composition of fish, but the muscle fatty acid (FA) profile was significantly altered compared to the reference FO diet. Comparatively reduced levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), as well as elevated levels of linoleic and linolenic acids (LA and LNA) compared with fish fed the FO were noticed. In terms of economics, 17 or 20% reduction in Kg feed cost was obtained for diets VO1 or VO2, respectively. In terms of growth performance and cost, VO2 diet showed slight relative superiority over VO1 diet. However, in terms of liver structure morphology, VO1 diet (with LO) has resulted in less fat-infiltration and altered hepatic cells than VO2 (with SBO). As these traits do not affect yield or the price paid for the fish, VO2 diet has therefore been considered better than VO1 as complementary lipid sources for gilthead seabream grower diets.  相似文献   

The effect of nitrate and plant size on nitrate uptake and in vitro nitrate reductase activity in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Selva)     

Toktam Sadat Taghavi  Mesbah Babalar 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

Nitrogen plays a major role in the growth and yield of strawberry. For optimizing nitrogen fertilizer application, it is necessary to understand the response of strawberry to nitrogen supply. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nitrate supply and plant size on strawberry nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase activity (NRA). Strawberry plants cv. Selva were grown under growth chamber conditions in nutrient solutions containing 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.7 or 4 mM nitrate. Cumulative nitrate uptake increased with the increase in nitrate supply. Increasing nitrate concentrations from 0 to 0.25 mM decreased leaf NRA; however, further increases to 4 mM nitrate restored NRA to activities observed at 0 mM nitrate. The activity of NADH- and NADPH-dependent NR was similar at every external nitrate concentration. Activity of NR was greater in the smallest plants and decreased as plant size increased. However, increasing external nitrate concentration increased nitrate uptake, but had not the same effect on nitrate reductase activity, showing that NRA and nitrate uptake are not necessarily correlated.  相似文献   

Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis in an Iranian Patient with Hereditary Spherocytosis     

Zahra Shahab-Movahed  Ahmad Majd  Elham Siasi Torbati  Sirous Zeinali 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2021,25(5):359

Background:Hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary dRTA are associated with mutations in the SLC4A1 gene encoding the AE1. In this study, some patients with clinical evidence of congenital HS and renal symptoms were investigated. Methods:Twelve patients with congenital HS and renal symptoms were recruited from Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital (Tehran, Iran). A patient suspected of having dRTA was examined using WES method, followed by Sanger sequencing. Results:One patient (HS03) showed severe failure to thrive, short stature, frequent urinary infection, and weakness. A homozygote (rs571376371 for c.2494C>T; p.Arg832Cys) and a heterozygote (rs377051298 for c.466C>T; p.Arg156Trp) missense variant were identified in the SLC4A1 and SPTA1 genes, respectively. The compound heterozygous mutations manifested as idRTA and severe HS in patient HS03. Conclusion:Our observations, for the first time, revealed clinical and genetic characteristics of idRTA and severe HS in an Iranian patient HS03. Key Words: Erythrocyte membrane protein, Hereditary spherocytosis, Hemolytic anemia, Whole-exome sequencing  相似文献   

Effect of livestock grazing and human uses on herbaceous species diversity in oriental beech （Fagus orientalis Lipsky） forests,Guilan, Masal,northern Iran     

Side Sadat Ebrahimi  Hassan Pourbabaei  David Potheir  Ali Omidi  Javad Torkaman 《林业研究》2014,25(2):455-462

Plant diversity plays key ecological roles in forest ecosystems, including influencing succession, resilience and nutrient cycling. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of livestock grazing and human uses on herbaceous species diversity. We surveyed 50 ha of protected area and 50 ha of unprotected area to evaluate herbaceous species diversity in oriental beech （Fagus orientalis Lipsky） forests in northern Iran. We calculated and compared three indices each of diversity and evenness, and species richness between the two areas. Herbaceous cover was higher in the unprotected area while leaf litter depth and tree canopy cover were higher in the protected area. The diversity indices, H （Shan- non-Wiener index ）, N~ （McArthur index）, N2 （Hill＇s index）, EQ （Modified Nee index）, E,ar （Smith-Wilson index）, E5 （modified index of Hill） and R=S （species richness） and species richness R=S were greater in the protected area than in the unprotected area, suggesting that protection from grazing results in increased numbers of plants and species. The effect of land protection on plant diversity was more pronounced for evenness than for species richness and the positive correlation between diversity and evenness indices was higher than that between diversity and richness.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Effect of livestock grazing and human uses on herbaceous species diversity in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests,Guilan, Masal,northern Iran     

Side Sadat Ebrahimi  Hassan Pourbabaei  David Potheir  Ali Omidi  Javad Torkaman 《林业研究》2014,25(3):723-723

  相似文献   

Determination of water requirement, single and dual crop coefficients of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in a semi-arid climate     

Houshang Ghamarnia  Elham Miri  Mokhtar Ghobadei 《Irrigation Science》2014,32(1):67-76

Crop coefficients of some plants have been provided by the Food and Agricultural Organization albeit crop coefficients for different medicinal plants such as black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) have not been determined so far. Experiments were carried out during 2 years (2010 and 2011) to determine the water requirements, single and dual crop coefficients of black cumin using drainable lysimeter in a semi-arid region. In this study, black cumin water requirement was determined to be 724 mm by water balance method. The reference evapotranspiration was estimated by Penman–Monteith method. Finally, single and base crop coefficients for initial, development, middle and final stages of black cumin growth were determined to be as 0.59, 0.91, 1.29, 0.78 and 0.24, 0.71, 1.09 0.78, respectively. In order to estimate black cumin evapotranspiration by meteorological parameters, multiple regression models were presented. The results of the study showed that the determination of black cumin water requirements with dual crop coefficients had a less difference as compared to the results obtained from regression model. The total dry matter produced was 9.48 kg/ha per mm of irrigation water applied, seed yield was 3.10 kg/ha per mm of irrigation water applied, and oil content was 31 %.  相似文献   

Assessment for salinity tolerance through intergeneric hybridisation: Triticum durum × Aegilops speltoides   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori 《Euphytica》2005,146(1-2):149-155

Summary Triploid hybrid embryos (AABB × SS = ABS) were produced by crossing two moderately salt-tolerant wheats, namely Triticum turgidum durum and Aegilops speltoides subsp. speltoides. The embryos were rescued by culturing on agar No. 1. Chromosome doubling was achieved by using 0.05% colchicine. The resulting hexaploid plants grew to maturity, and produced a considerable amount of seed (≈40,000). The synthetic hexaploid (C₂) was tested for salinity tolerance, grown at 0, 100, 125, 150, 160, 170, 180 and 200 mM NaCl in a standard nutrient solution for 2 weeks. The criterion of salt tolerance was root growth in different NaCl concentrations. The amphidiploid material showed greater salinity tolerance than either parent, suggesting the presence of different genes for tolerance in the parents.  相似文献