Leptin and leptin receptors during malaria infection in mice   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pulido-Mendez M  De Sanctis J  Rodríguez-Acosta A 《Folia parasitologica》2002,49(4):249-251

Leptin, which is involved in a range of physiological processes, could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of malaria. We found that levels of leptin in serum and urine in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice increased progressively after infection, reaching a maximum value on day 6 post-infection. Serum values were approximately five-fold higher in infected mice than in non-infected controls. A similar relation was found for values of leptin in urine. Soluble leptin receptor levels also increased significantly in serum, more or less in line with the leptin increase. Our work represents the first report of visibly augmented leptin and soluble leptin receptor secretion in malarial infection.  相似文献   

The status of Mycobacterium bovis infection in UK wild mammals: a review     

Delahay RJ  De Leeuw AN  Barlow AM  Clifton-hadley RS  Cheeseman CL 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,164(2):90-105

Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a zoonotic infection with a wide range of mammalian hosts. In parts of the UK M. bovis infection in cattle is a persistent problem. The European badger (Meles meles) is implicated in the transmission of M. bovis to cattle, and is widely believed to constitute the most important reservoir of infection in UK wildlife. However, few studies have been carried out on the status of M. bovis infection in other UK mammals. In this review we present information on the incidence and pathology of M. bovis infection in UK wild mammals from both published and previously unpublished sources. Although the evidence does not support the existence of a significant self-maintaining reservoir of infection in any wild mammal other than the badger, there is a clear lack of sufficient data to rule out the involvement of other species. In the light of this and the dynamic nature of epidemiological patterns, further surveillance for M. bovis infection in UK wild mammals, using modern methods of diagnosis, is essential.  相似文献   

Production, Survival, and Evaluation of Solid-Substrate Inocula of Penicillium oxalicum, a Biocontrol Agent Against Fusarium Wilt of Tomato     

Larena I  Melgarejo P  De Cal A 《Phytopathology》2002,92(8):863-869

ABSTRACT Production of conidia of Penicillium oxalicum (ATCC number pending), a biocontrol agent of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, was tested in liquid and solid fermentation. P. oxalicum produced 250-fold more conidia in solid than in liquid fermentation at 30 days after inoculation of substrate. Solid fermentation was carried out in plastic bags (600 cm(3)) especially designed for solid fermentation (VALMIC) containing 50 g of peat/vermiculite (PV) (1:1, wt/wt) with 40% moisture, sealed, sterilized, and then inoculated with 1 ml of a conidial suspension of P. oxalicum (10(5) conidia g(-1) dry substrate), sealed again, and incubated in darkness at 20 to 25 degrees C for 30 days. Addition of amendments to PV in a proportion of 0.5 (wt/wt) significantly increased conidial production of P. oxalicum. The best production was obtained on PV plus meal of cereal grains (barley) or leguminous seeds (lentil) (100-fold higher). Conidial production obtained after 5 days of inoculation was similar to that obtained at 30 days. However, viability of conidia produced in PV plus lentil meal was 35% higher than that of conidia produced in PV plus barley meal. Changes in proportions (1:1:0.5, wt/wt/wt; 1:1:1, wt/wt/wt; 1:0.5:0.5, wt/wt/wt; 1:1:0.5, vol/vol/vol) of components of the substrate (peat/vermiculite/lentil meal) did not enhance production or viability of conidia. Optimal initial moisture in the substrate was 30 to 40%. At lower moistures, significant reductions of production of conidia were observed, particularly at 10%. There was a general decline in the number of conidia in bags with time of storage at -80, -20, 4, and 25 degrees C, or at room temperature (range from 30 to 15 degrees C), with the highest decline occurring from 60 to 180 days. Conidial viability also was reduced with time, except for conidia stored at -20 degrees C. Fresh conidia produced in solid fermentation system or those conidia stored at -20 degrees C for 180 days reduced Fusarium wilt of tomato by 49 and 61%, respectively.  相似文献   

Immune function of bovine leukocytes after in vitro exposure to selected heavy metals     

De Guise S  Bernier J  Lapierre P  Dufresne MM  Dubreuil P  Fournier M 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(3):339-344

OBJECTIVE: To study effects of in vitro exposure of bovine leukocytes to mercury, cadmium, and lead on phagocytosis, natural killer cell activity, and lymphocyte proliferation. SAMPLE POPULATION: Leukocytes from 6 nonpregnant Holstein heifers. PROCEDURE: Leukocytes were exposed in vitro to the aforementioned metals, and leukocyte functions were assessed. RESULTS: Phagocytosis was suppressed by 10(-5) to 10(-7) M CdCl2 and by 10(-5) and 10(-6) M HgCl2, but not 10(-7) M HgCl2 nor 10(-4) to 10(-6) M PbCl2. Spontaneous and concanavalin A- or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated proliferation of metal-treated bovine blood mononuclear cells was not significantly different from that of nontreated control cells, except for enhanced spontaneous proliferation in response to 10(-5) M HgCl2. When proliferation was expressed as a stimulation index, a dose-dependent increase of spontaneous proliferation was observed in response to exposure to HgCl2 and PbCl2. Compared with response to 10(-6) or 10(-7) M CdCl2, reduction of mitogen-induced and spontaneous proliferation was observed on exposure to 10(-5) M CdCl2. Natural killer cell activity against YAC-1 target cells, evaluated by flow cytometry, was decreased only in cells exposed to 10 M HgCl2. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bovine leukocytes are susceptible to the immunomodulatory effects of in vitro exposure to heavy metals at concentrations equal to or higher than those at which similar effects are seen for leukocytes from most other animal species for which data are available for comparison. Exception is phagocytosis, which is severely affected by low concentrations of CdCl2 and HgCl2 in cattle. Reduction of defense mechanisms on exposure to metals could lead to increased susceptibility to potential pathogens.  相似文献   

Significance of infectious bursal disease serology in an integrated quality control program under European epidemiologic conditions     

De Herdt P  Ducatelle R  Uyttebroek E  Sneep A  Torbeyns R 《Avian diseases》2000,44(3):611-617

In this study performed between 1993 and 1997, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) antibody titers and performance data were recorded in a vertically integrated monitoring scheme in order to make a follow-up from day-old parents down to the broilers at slaughter. All measured data were used two by two in a simple correlation study to calculate the degree to which they were linearly correlated. It appeared that high and/or uniform antibody titers in the parents were correlated with increased daily weight gain and decreased mortality and slaughterhouse condemnation in the broilers. Antibody titers and their CVs were negatively correlated in broiler parents and their offspring at day-old and even at slaughter. Results indicate that high and uniform antibody titers against IBDV in broiler parents are important for good performance of the broiler offspring, at least under the epidemiologic conditions of this study, which included the presence of very virulent IBDV strains in the field and the sole use of live intermediate vaccines in broilers as well as broiler parents.  相似文献   

Enhanced specific antibody response to bovine serum albumin in pigeons due to L-carnitine supplementation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Janssens GP  Mast J  Goddeeris BM  Cox E  Hesta M  De Wilde RO 《British poultry science》2000,41(4):448-453

1. Thirty adult female pigeons (Columba livia domestica) were randomly divided into 3 equal groups; the 1st and 2nd groups were immunised with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 0 and 20 d, the 2nd group also received 1 g L-carnitine per litre of drinking water from -5 to 25 d post-immunisation (dpi) and the 3rd group, a control group, received neither treatment. 2. Body weights and serum samples were taken at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 dpi. 3. Both BSA-specific IgG and IgM responses were enhanced by about 10% by L-carnitine supplementation. 4. L-carnitine supplemented pigeons showed a higher water consumption. Body weight loss during the onset of the immune response showed a slight tendency to be counteracted by L-carnitine supplementation. 5. The impact of L-carnitine on resistance and resilience to an immunological challenge is discussed.  相似文献   

Occurrence of Salmonella in tortoises in a rescue centre in Italy     

Pasmans F  De Herdt P  Chasseur-Libotte ML  Ballasina DL  Haesebrouck F 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(9):256-258

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Seasonal variation in the morphology of a bovine nasal granuloma     

De Bosschere H  Audenaerde P  Ducatelle R 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(11):322-323

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Effects of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection on the development of the immune response against pseudorabies virus   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

De Bruin MG  Samsom JN  Voermans JJ  van Rooij EM  De Visser YE  Bianchi AT 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2000,76(1-2):125-135

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection on the development of the immune response after pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccination in pigs. Pigs were intranasally inoculated with the European PRRSV strain, Lelystad virus ter Huurne, and were vaccinated intramuscularly with PRV 2 weeks later (LV-PRV group). Control pigs were vaccinated with PRV only (PRV group). Eight weeks after PRV vaccination, pigs from both groups were challenged intranasally with wild-type PRV. We measured the lymphoproliferative, and the cytolytic responses to PRV of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), isolated from blood samples. In addition, serum samples were examined for antibodies against PRV and LV. One week after PRV vaccination, PBMC proliferated abundantly to PRV in both groups. However, in the LV-PRV group the lymphoproliferative response declined after 1 week, whereas, in the PRV group, the lymphoproliferative response was high for 3 weeks and declined thereafter (P<0.05). After challenge, the lymphoproliferative response was 1 week earlier and was consistently and significantly higher in the PRV group than in the LV-PRV group. The PRV-specific killing was higher at 3 weeks after PRV vaccination and 5 weeks after PRV challenge 19+/-3 and 24+/-6%, respectively, in the PRV group, compared to 7+/-4 and 6+/-9%, respectively, in the LV-PRV group (P<0.05). However, later after vaccination and challenge the cytolytic response was identical in both groups. The antibody titre against PRV developed equally in both groups. After challenge, no PRV virus was isolated from both groups. From these results we conclude that, although PRRSV infection did cause changes in the time course of the T-lymphocyte response after PRV vaccination, PRRSV infection did not inhibit the development of vaccine-induced protection after PRV.  相似文献   

Cross-reactivity of anti-Taenia crassiceps cysticerci immune antibodies with Taenia solium antigens     

Espíndola NM  De Gaspari EN  Nakamura PM  Vaz AJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,89(4):321-326

A comparative study of antibody production was carried out using BALB/c mice immunized with 20 or 50microg vesicular fluid (VF)-Tcra (Taenia crassiceps) antigens, and gel of <30kD or eluate from <30kD peptides. Good IgM, IgA and IgG levels were detected by ELISA-Tcra and the antibodies presented reactivity with the <20kD peptides when tested by immunoblotting-Tcra. The antibodies from animals immunized with 20 and 50microg presented high anti-Tso cross-reactivity in ELISA (IgG>IgM and IgA). All groups presented IgG antibodies identifying the 12kD Tso-peptide.  相似文献