Interview. Elias Zerhouni: taking stock. Interview by J. Kaiser     

Zerhouni E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5727):1398-1399

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Surface areas of the cerebral cortex of mammals determined by stereological methods   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H Elias  D Schwartz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,166(901):111-113

The surface areas of the cerebral cortex excluding archipallium of 20 human, 11 cetacean, 6 carnivore, and 5 marsupial brains were determined by stereological methods. There exist rather strict relationships between volume, length of superficially exposed gyri, and cortical surface area.  相似文献   

Protecting aggregate genomic data     

Zerhouni EA  Nabel EG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5898):44

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Oncogenic CARD11 mutations in human diffuse large B cell lymphoma   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lenz G  Davis RE  Ngo VN  Lam L  George TC  Wright GW  Dave SS  Zhao H  Xu W  Rosenwald A  Ott G  Muller-Hermelink HK  Gascoyne RD  Connors JM  Rimsza LM  Campo E  Jaffe ES  Delabie J  Smeland EB  Fisher RI  Chan WC  Staudt LM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5870):1676-1679

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the least curable (ABC) subtype of DLBCL, survival of the malignant cells is dependent on constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway. In normal B cells, antigen receptor-induced NF-kappaB activation requires CARD11, a cytoplasmic scaffolding protein. To determine whether CARD11 contributes to tumorigenesis, we sequenced the CARD11 gene in human DLBCL tumors. We detected missense mutations in 7 of 73 ABC DLBCL biopsies (9.6%), all within exons encoding the coiled-coil domain. Experimental introduction of CARD11 coiled-coil domain mutants into lymphoma cell lines resulted in constitutive NF-kappaB activation and enhanced NF-kappaB activity upon antigen receptor stimulation. These results demonstrate that CARD11 is a bona fide oncogenein DLBCL, providing a genetic rationale for the development of pharmacological inhibitors of the CARD11 pathway for DLBCL therapy.  相似文献   

NIH response to open letter     

Fauci AS  Zerhouni EA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5718):49

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Cancer research     

Elias H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,175(4028):1312

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Propagule Quantity and Quality in Traditional Makushi Farming of Cassava (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Manihot esculenta</Emphasis>): A Case Study for Understanding Domestication and Evolution of Vegetatively Propagated Crops     

Marianne Elias  Hélène Lenoir  Doyle McKey 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):99-115

Modeling how crop plants evolve under domestication requires estimating among-plant variation in important parameters of the reproductive system, including fecundity – the number of propagules produced – and propagule quality. Measuring these traits poses particular problems in vegetatively propagated crop plants. Unlike seeds, vegetative propagules are not intrinsic biological entities but are prepared by farmers. Propagule number and quality are thus determined by the interaction between plant traits and how farmers prepare propagules. We conducted observations, interviews and experiments to study this interaction in cassava grown by Makushi Amerindians, examining how both sources of variation, in plant traits and in farmers’ practices, combine to determine the number and quality of propagules produced. Increased stake mass, determined mostly by stem diameter, leads to increased yield and also to increased asexual ‘fecundity’ of the resulting plant. Farmers’ practices reflect knowledge of this relationship. Diameter is the key criterion in the selection of stems for stakes. Larger diameters are preferred; when thinner stems are used, stakes are cut longer, partially compensating for reduced mass. These results suggest that conscious and unconscious selection to increase ‘fecundity’ and propagule quality in cassava would act to favor plants with thicker stems. Mean stem diameter is greater, and variation in stem diameter is lower, in little-branched plants. Selection for increased asexual ‘fecundity’ can thus have led to reduction in the degree of branching, one of the most striking differences between domesticated cassava and its wild ancestors. Measuring variation in asexual fecundity is a key step in analyzing evolution of the mixed clonal/sexual reproductive systems that characterize many vegetatively propagated crop plants.  相似文献   

Underground Vetch (Vicia sativa ssp. amphicarpa): A Potential Pasture and Forage Legume for Dry Areas in West Asia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. M. Abd El Moneim  S. F. Elias 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(3):136-141

Subterranean vetch [Vicia sativa ssp. amphicarpa (Dorth.) Aschers & Graebn.] is native to disturbed grasslands of the Mediterranean basin where heavy grazing, seasonal drought and erosion act as strong selection forces. It produces two pod types, above‐ground and 5 cm below the soil surface. Unlike subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean L.), which buries its seeds after flowering above‐ground, subterranean vetch flowers and forms pods beneath the soil surface on underground stems. The aerial pods are produced after vegetative development ceases, while the underground pods are produced in ontogeny. The ability of this unusual vetch to survive in marginal areas with low rainfall (about 250 mm year^?1) and to produce nutritious herbage and pods is an important characteristic which helps address rehabilitation of degraded rangelands and increase feed production for small ruminants. Research at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) during the 1988–93 growing seasons has assessed the herbage and seed productivity of underground vetch, its ability to grow in rotation with barley in marginal low‐rainfall areas, and its capacity to regenerate after heavy grazing. Drier conditions in 1989 favoured earlier underground flowering; the number of underground pods was higher than that of aerial pods. Grain yield of barley (var. Atlas) was around 2.0 t ha^?1 after underground vetch and only 1.2 t ha^?1 after barley. Grazing underground vetch had no effect on the productivity of the succeeding barley crop. The aerial and underground pods serve two distinct functions; aerial pods increase dissemination within suitable habitats, while underground pods increase the probability of plant survival under adverse conditions such as drought and heavy grazing. Underground vetch has two potential uses, namely the rehabilitation of marginal areas and production in rotation with barley.  相似文献   

Interactions of Genotype and Glutenin Subunit Composition on Breadmaking Quality of Durum 1AS•1AL‐1DL Translocation Lines     

Daryl L. Klindworth  Gary A. Hareland  Elias M. Elias  Jae‐Bom Ohm  Dehdra Puhr  Steven S. Xu 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(3):211-217

Dual‐purpose durum (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) wheat, having both good pasta and breadmaking quality, would be an advantage in the market. In this study, we evaluated the effects of genotype and varying HMW and LMW glutenin subunit composition on durum breadmaking quality. Genotypes included five near‐isogenic backgrounds that also differed by variability at the Glu‐D1d (HMW subunits 1Dx5+1Dy10), Glu‐B1 (presence or absence of subunit 1By8), and Glu‐B3 (LMWI or LMWII pattern) loci. Quality tests were conducted on genotypes grown at five North Dakota locations. Genotype had a stronger influence on free asparagine content than glutenin subunit composition. Genotypes carrying Glu‐D1d had higher glutenin content than lines that did not carry Glu‐D1d. Among Rugby translocation genotypes, lines carrying LMWI had higher gliadin content and better loaf volume than genotypes carrying LMWII. Absence of 1By8 produced major reductions in loaf volume in nontranslocation lines regardless of whether LMWI or LMWII was present. In contrast, the presence of Glu‐D1d compensated well for the absence of 1By8 regardless of which LMW pattern was present. The durum genotypes did not have loaf volumes equal to bread wheat cultivars, and results suggest that improved extensibility is needed to improve durum breadmaking quality.  相似文献   

Potential synergistic effect of Melia azedarach fruit extract and Beauveria bassiana in the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle infestations     

Sousa LA  Pires HB  Soares SF  Ferri PH  Ribas P  Lima EM  Furlong J  Bittencourt VR  Perinotto WM  Borges LM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(3-4):320-324

The use of a concentrate emulsion of Melia azedarach green fruits and a suspension of the fungus Beauveria bassiana was evaluated in the control of Rhipicephalus microplus on artificially infested cattle. The evaluation was conducted following the protocol established by the Brazilian Agriculture Ministry. Five groups of 4 or 5 animals were allocated to one of the following treatments: emulsion concentrate of M. azedarach at 0.25% (T AZED 0.25%), emulsion concentrate of M. azedarach at 0.5% (T AZED 0.5%), B. bassiana at 2.4 × 10(8) conidia (T BASS), association of the concentrate of M. azedarach at 0.25% with B. bassiana at 2.4 × 10(8) conidia (T AZED 0.25%+BASS), and control (untreated). The association of the two compounds provided better results than any one isolated treatment, indicating compatibility or perhaps a synergy between M. azedarach and B. bassiana. This treatment resulted in fewer engorged females (129 ± 70) than in the control group (233 ± 82), showing high performance against all developmental stages of the tick. Results revealed an apparent synergistic effect of M. azedarach and B. bassiana in the control of R. microplus that should be further investigated.  相似文献