Remediation of a diesel-contaminated soil from a pipeline accidental spill: enhanced biodegradation and soil washing processes using natural gums and surfactants     

Antonio Hernández-Espriú  Emilio Sánchez-León  Pedro Martínez-Santos  Luis G. Torres 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(1):152-165

Purpose

This paper addresses the application of bioproducts produced by plants (locust bean, guar, and mesquite seed gums) to enhance remediation processes of different nature: soil washing and biodegradation methodologies.

Materials and methods

These natural gums were tested at laboratory scale to remove total petroleum hydrocarbons-diesel fraction (TPH-diesel) from oil-contaminated volcanic soils sampled from a polluted site in an agricultural area of western Mexico. TPH-diesel removal by natural gums was compared to common synthetic surfactants.

Results and discussion

There is a strong evidence of contamination caused by the presence of TPH-diesel at a concentration of 32,100 mg/kg, which is above the legal limit of 1,200 mg/kg for agricultural soils in Mexico. Regarding the surfactant soil washing experiments, ionic surfactants showed removal rates above the control test of about 78.51 % (Maranil LAB), 71.27 % (Texapon 40), 60.13 % (SDS), and 48.19 % (Surfacpol G). In contrast, some nonionic surfactants showed removal rates below soil-washing background rate (40 %). On the other hand, natural gums showed interesting and promising results. Guar gum and locust bean gum showed efficiencies of 54.38 % and 53.46 %, respectively. Biodegradation experiments confirmed the effectiveness of natural gums as biodegradation enhancers in diesel-contaminated soils. Specifically, guar gum showed an excellent performance. An 82 % TPH-diesel removal rate was achieved for a very low gum concentration (2 ppm). In this particular context, reported surfactant concentrations to assist biodegradation are, in general, higher.

Conclusions

This work demonstrated the applicability of natural gums as soil remediation enhancers in diesel-contaminated systems. Particularly, guar gum might represent a cost-effective alternative for biodegradation enhancement processes.  相似文献   

Ion Exchange Treatment of Groundwater Contaminated by Arsenic in the Presence of Sulphate. Breakthrough Experiments and Modeling     

Agostina Chiavola  Emilio D’Amato  Renato Baciocchi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(5):2373-2386

This report deals with the application of ion exchange columns to the treatment of groundwater contaminated by high concentrations of arsenic in the presence of sulphates. Two different process layouts were tested, based on the use of a single column and of two-in-series columns, respectively. Several breakthrough tests were performed, where the effect of the operating parameters, as the influent flow rate, the packed bed height and the feed water composition, were investigated. The collected data were described using three different modeling approaches, based on the Bohart?CAdams, Yan and Thomas models, respectively. These models were all found to describe the experimental data with a quite good agreement (based on the R ² value). The ion exchange capacity evaluated by the models (about 3.8?mEq/g) was comparable with the value provided by the supplier (3.8?mEq/g), but higher than the value determined through batch tests of a previous study by the same authors. The models were then successfully applied to describe the breakthrough behaviour of the two in-series column plant using a real feed contaminated by high arsenic concentrations in the presence of sulphate.  相似文献   

QSAR models for Daphnia magna toxicity prediction of benzoxazinone allelochemicals and their transformation products     

Lo Piparo E  Fratev F  Lemke F  Mazzatorta P  Smiesko M  Fritz JI  Benfenati E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(4):1111-1115

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Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular, and intragastric administration to horses     

Fernández-Varón E  Cárceles CM  Marín P  Martos N  Escudero E  Ayala I 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(6):1076-1081

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of difloxacin (5 mg/kg) following IV, IM, and intragastric (IG) administration to healthy horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy mature horses. PROCEDURES: A crossover study design with 3 phases was used (15-day washout periods between treatments). An injectable formulation of difloxacin (5%) was administered IV and IM in single doses (5 mg/kg); for IG administration, an oral solution was prepared and administered via nasogastric tube. Blood samples were collected before and at intervals after each administration. A high-performance liquid chromatography assay with fluorescence detection was used to determine plasma difloxacin concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters of difloxacin were analyzed. Plasma creatine kinase activity was monitored to assess tissue damage. RESULTS: Difloxacin plasma concentration versus time data after IV administration were best described by a 2-compartment open model. The disposition of difloxacin following IM or IG administration was best described by a 1-compartment model. Mean half-life for difloxacin administered IV, IM, and IG was 2.66, 5.72, and 10.75 hours, respectively. Clearance after IV administration was 0.28 L/kg.h. After IM administration, the absolute mean +/- SD bioavailability was 95.81 +/- 3.11% and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 1.48 +/- 0.12 mg/L. After IG administration, the absolute bioavailability was 68.62 +/- 10.60% and Cmax was 0.732 +/- 0.05 mg/L. At 12 hours after IM administration, plasma creatine kinase activity had increased 7-fold, compared with the preinjection value. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data suggest that difloxacin is likely to be effective for treating susceptible bacterial infections in horses.  相似文献   

Population features of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas arboricola</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">pruni</Emphasis> from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus spp.</Emphasis> orchards in northern Italy     

Davide Giovanardi  Davide Dallai  Emilio Stefani 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(4):761-771

Bacterial leaf/fruit spot and canker of stone fruits, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, is a recurrent disease in Italy. A set of 23 strains has been isolated in peach and plum orchards in an intensively stone fruit cultivated area located in north-eastern Italy. They were all identified as X. arboricola pv. pruni by means of phytopathological and serological features: hypersensitive reaction on bean pods, pathogenicity test on immature peach or plum fruitlets, identification by immunofluorescence assay and conventional PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing of the gyrB housekeeping gene of the isolates showed that they formed a unique clade, well characterised and separated from other xanthomonads. An insight into the genetic population features was attempted by rep-PCR analysis, using the ERIC, REP and BOX primers. The combined rep-PCR fingerprints showed a slight intra-pathovar variation within our isolates, which grouped in five close clusters. Copper resistance has been assessed in vitro for our whole X. arboricola pv. pruni collection, highlighting that two isolates show a level of resistance in vitro up to 200 ppm of copper. Nonetheless, the copLAB gene cluster, present in many other species of Xanthomonads, was not detected in any isolate, confirming the presence of a still unknown mechanism of copper detoxification in our Xanthomonads arboricola pv. pruni tolerant/resistant strains.  相似文献   

Soil pollution by mining activities in Andalusia (South Spain)—the role of Mineralogy and Geochemistry in three case studies     

Antonio J. Romero-Baena  Isabel González  Emilio Galán 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(6):2231-2247

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Fish farming of native species in Colombia: current situation and perspectives     

Pablo Emilio Cruz‐Casallas  Víctor Mauricio Medina‐Robles  Yohana María Velasco‐Santamaría 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(6):823-831

In Colombia and the rest of the world, the decrease in capture fisheries production has turned the aquaculture into an alternative source of protein for the populations food security as well as an important productive activity, generating employment and income for the rural communities. The Colombian pisciculture is based on red Tilapia Oreochromis sp. (Linnaeus), Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier), which currently represent around 96% of the total national production. The remaining 4% comes from other farmed species such as bocachico Prochilodus magdalenae (Steindachner), carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) and yamúBrycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz). From the three main fish species, cachama blanca is the only native species, which has shown excellent performance in pond farming due to its rusticity, omnivorous habits, docility, meat quality, food conversion and disease resistance. The limited offer of Colombian fish farmed species determines its currently low competitiveness and restricted impact on the international markets; thus making necessary to explore the potential of new fish species in order to introduce them to the pisciculture system and to expand the range of fish farming species. A good alternative is the introduction of native catfish, which have great potential for fish farming activity.  相似文献   

Characteristics of the whole cell fatty acid profiles ofPseudomonas corrugate     

Felipe Siverio  Emilio A. Carbonell  Francesc García  María M. López 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(6):519-526

The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of eighty strains ofPseudomonas corrugata from different geographic origins have been studied. Gas chromatographic profiles were obtained. The use of hexane/methyl-tert butyl ether (MTBE) (11) for the extractions improves the yield of hydroxy-FAMEs used to identifyP. corrugata as compared to hexane alone. The analysis of the extracts with hexane/MTBE showed that many strains do not have the characteristic FAMEs ofP. corrugata (3-hydroxydodecenoic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and two unknown additional fatty acids). These differences among strains seemed to be related to bacterial dissociation, associated with changes in morphological aspect of the colonies due to subculture. The comparison of profiles of wrinkled and smooth colonies isolated from ten strains confirmed the differences among those in specific FAMEs. Therefore, the FAME profiles are a useful tool for the identification ofP. corrugata when the bacteria have not been subculturedin vitro for a long time. Multivariate analyses of data showed that four clusters can be observed supporting the heterogeneity of the strains ofP. corrugata.Abbreviations FAME fatty acid methyl ester - MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether  相似文献   

Brachyspina syndrome in two Holstein calves     

Testoni S  Diana A  Olzi E  Gentile A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,177(1):144-146

Brachyspina syndrome, a rare lethal skeletal malformation, is described in two Italian Holstein calves. Both calves were stillborn and had shortened trunks with long legs. Radiography demonstrated several abnormalities of the cervical and thoracolumbar vertebral column. Visceral malformations involving the heart, kidney, genital tract and gastrointestinal system were also found. Both calves were traced back to the same sire and an inherited basis was strongly suspected.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin in greater rheas following a single-dose intramuscular administration     

de Lucas JJ  Navarro JL  Rubio S  Vignolo PE  Asis VC  González F  Rodríguez C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,175(1):136-138

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin in greater rheas was investigated after intramuscular (IM) administration of 15 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Enrofloxacin peak plasma concentration (C(max)=3.30+/-0.90 microg/mL) was reached at 24.17+/-9.17 min. The terminal half-life (t(1/2lambda)) and area under the curve (AUC) were 2.85+/-0.54 h and 4.18+/-0.69 microg h/mL, respectively. The AUC and C(max) for ciprofloxacin were 0.25+/-0.06 microg/mL and 0.66+/-0.16 microg h/mL, respectively. Taking into account the values obtained for the efficacy indices, an IM dose of 15 mg/kg of enrofloxacin would appear to be adequate for treating infections caused by highly susceptible bacteria (MIC(90)<0.03 microg/mL) in greater rheas.  相似文献