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Batch experiments were carried out to examine the partitioning of an organophosphorus insecticide, methidathion, in non-amended agricultural soil and soil amended with urban sewage sludge and/or different types of surfactant. Kinetic data showed that sewage sludge significantly reduced adsorption rate, whereas amendment of the soil with the cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) at 10 x CMC (critical micellar concentration) increased the adsorption rate by a factor of 10. The adsorption isotherms were evaluated using the Freundlich model. The soil adsorption capacity for methidathion was enhanced by amendment with sewage sludge and even more significantly with TDTMA at 10 x CMC or combined with sewage sludge. TDTMA conferred a high hydrophobic character to the soil, enhancing the adsorption capacity of the rather hydrophobic methidathion. The amendment of soil both with sewage sludge and TDTMA combines the increased hydrophobicity with a higher surfactant retention by organic matter, due to an increase in cation exchange capacity, which promotes even more the adsorption capacity for the insecticide. An anionic surfactant, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, and the non-ionic Tween 80 only induced a slight modification in the kinetics and adsorption of methidathion. 相似文献
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María Socorro Serrano Pilar Fernández-Rebollo Paolo De Vita María Dolores Carbonero Antonio Trapero María Esperanza Sánchez 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(2):149-152
Phytophthora cinnamomi is an aggressive pathogen on Lupinus luteus (yellow lupin), causing root rot, wilting and death of this crop, common in oak-rangeland ecosystems ('dehesas') in south-western
Spain. The oomycete, the main cause of Quercus decline in the region, was isolated from roots of wilted lupins in the field. Artificial inoculations on four cultivars of
L. luteus reproduced the symptoms of the disease, both in pre- and post-emergence stages, recovering the pathogen from necrotic roots.
These results suggest the potential of yellow lupin as inoculum reservoir for the infection of Quercus roots. This is the first report of P. cinnamomi as root pathogen of L. luteus. 相似文献
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Shenstone Esperanza Lippman Zach Van Eck Joyce 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(3):316-325
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The Physalis genus of the Solanaceae family is home to many edible food crops including tomatillo, goldenberry, and groundcherry. These Physalis members have... 相似文献
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Laurent Philippot Cristina Abbate Antonio Bispo Thierry Chesnot Sara Hallin Philippe Lemanceau Kristina Lindström Pascal Pandard Esperanza Romero Michael Schloter Pascal Simonet Kornelia Smalla Berndt-Michael Wilke Imes Petric Fabrice Martin-Laurent 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(7):1344-1345
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Ivana M. Rivas‐Prez María J. Fernndez‐Sanjurjo Avelino Núez‐Delgado Carmen Monterroso Felipe Macías Esperanza lvarez‐Rodríguez 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(6):1640-1649
Coal mining in areas containing pyritic materials frequently leads to a remarkable impact on the environment because of sulphide oxidation. We studied the evolution of chemical characteristics of Technosols derived from sterile materials, in a lignite mine located in As Pontes (northwest Spain), over a 20‐year period. Three plots, which had different management practices, were selected. The mine spoil was deposited randomly in two of the plots (CSP with low S concentration and CSA with high S concentration), while it was selectively managed in the other one (P206). Twenty years after the first sampling, CSA continued to show the highest acidity (pHwater 3∙7–3∙9), whereas the lowest acidity was that of P206 (pHwater 5∙0). Regarding the surface layer, C increased 1∙1% in P206, 0∙3% in CSP and 0∙2% in CSA. Nitrogen increased 1% in P206. The C/N ratio increased in all plots. Phosphorus, Ca, Mg, K and effective cation exchange capacity decreased in 2002 and experienced a slight increase in 2012. Exchangeable Al and Al saturation increased in CSP and P206 and decreased in CSA. Electric conductivity levels of Ca, Mg, Na, Al and SO42− concentrations decreased in the soil solution in all plots during the 20‐year period. Twenty years after the first monitoring, the plots that were built based on selective management of the mine spoil showed lower acidity and acidity‐derived consequences. These facts confirm the necessity of an appropriate selection of sterile materials, avoiding the placement of pyrite‐rich spoils on the surface or near‐surface zones, which is essential to facilitate proper restoration of this kind of dumping areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Arjona A Barquero N Doménech A Tejerizo G Collado VM Toural C Martín D Gomez-Lucia E 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2007,9(1):14-22
Laboratory diagnosis of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) usually involves both viruses, as the clinical signs are similar and coinfection may occur. Serological methods may not represent an accurate diagnosis: maternal antibodies or cross-reactions may give false positive results to FIV, and false negative results may occur in latent FeLV status, or in certain FIV infection stages. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was designed to detect FeLV, FIV and feline endogenous retrovirus simultaneously. The detection of endogenous sequences was considered indicative of successful DNA extraction. The technique was used to diagnose FIV and FeLV in the blood cells of 179 cats. The kappa value with the serological data was 0.69 for FeLV and 0.87 for FIV. The joint detection of FeLV and FIV by this novel nested PCR is sensitive, specific, fast and convenient, and its applicability for clinical diagnosis is promising, as the direct evidence of the presence of the virus is more realistic than the indirect data provided by the serological detection. 相似文献
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Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla Maria Jesus Pujalte Azucena Bermejo Esperanza Garay Pilar Alvarez-Pellitero & Jaume Pérez-Sánchez 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(7):733-739
A pathological study was conducted on laboratory‐reared juvenile common dentex (Dentex dentex) suffering trickling and continuous mortalities. During a 3‐month period (October–December), water temperature, clinical signs and mortalities were recorded. Moribund or dead fish were examined for bacteria and parasites. Bacteria were isolated from head kidney and external ulcers, and samples from the gills, intestine, stomach, trunk kidney, gall bladder and liver were taken for histology. Cumulative mortality reached 73%, and 80% of fish examined were positive for bacteria (102 isolates). Vibrio splendidus was the most prevalent in head kidney (59.7%) and ulcers (88.9%), and it was frequently isolated as pure culture (74.7% and 100% respectively). This is the first report of this bacterium in association with mortality in common dentex. Vibrio scophthalmi was the second most prevalent bacterium (29.2%) and accounted for 63.6% of the mixed infections with V. splendidus, V. harveyi, Pseudoalteromonas spp. and other species were rarely isolated. No parasites were found in histological sections. Bacteria were frequently observed in the lumen of the intestine and stomach, destroying the epithelium. A cellular reaction was suggested by the high numbers of rodlet cells (RC) in the intestinal epithelium, and the abundance of eosinophilic granular cells (EGC) in the intestinal lamina propria. In the stomach, vacuolized cells containing unidentified debris, sometimes of crystalloid appearance, were very common. The high prevalence of V. splendidus in pure cultures and the absence of other aetiological agents suggest that V. splendidus is substantially involved in the registered mortalities, although the implication of V. scophthalmi and even of some nutritional factors cannot be discounted. 相似文献