Determination of oil palm fresh fruit bunch ripeness—Based on flavonoids and anthocyanin content     

Mohd Hafiz Mohd HazirAbdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff  Mohd Din Amiruddin 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):466-475

Non-destructive and real-time oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) grading systems are of major exploratory concern for researchers in the oil palm industry. The objective is to reduce time, labour, costs, and most importantly, to increase the oil extraction rate, in order to achieve a good quality of palm oil at a more acceptable price. This research investigates the potential of flavonoids and anthocyanins as a predictor to classify the degree of oil palm FFB ripeness. This paper also discusses the relationship between these predictors and the ripeness categories period. One hundred and eighty oil palm FFB samples were collected from a private plantation in Malaysia, according to three maturity categories i.e., ripe, under-ripe, and over-ripe. Each sample was randomly scanned 10 times, both front and back using a hand-held Multiplex^®3 multi-parameter fluorescence sensor. The results show that flavonoid and anthocyanin content decreased from immature to over mature oil palm FFBs. Overall, the relationship using Pearson's correlation between flavonoids and anthocyanins was r² = 0.84 and the most outstanding relationship accuracy was at the over-ripe stage, at 90%. Statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pair-wise testing proved that both predictors gave significance difference between under-ripe, ripe, and over-ripe maturity categories. This shows that both predictors can be good indicators to classify oil palm FFB. Classification analysis was performed by using both predictors together and separately through several methods. The highest overall classification accuracy was 87.7% using a Stochastic Gradient Boosting Trees model and with both predictors. The other classification methods used either independent or both predictors together and gave various results ranging from 50 to 85% accuracy. This research proves that flavonoids and anthocyanins can be used as predictors of oil palm maturity classification.  相似文献   

Pathogenic Variability and Prevalence of Avr Genes in Leptosphaeria maculans Populations from Alberta,Canada     

Rong  Songbai  Feng  Jie  Li  Qiangsheng  Fei  Weixin  Ahmed  Hafiz U  Liang  Yue  Hwang  Sheau-Fang  Strelkov  Stephen E 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2015,122(4):161-168

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Blackleg (Phoma stem canker), caused by the Leptosphaeria species complex L. maculans and L. biglobosa, is a severe and economically important disease in...  相似文献   

Influence of Drought Applied at Different Growth Stages on Kernel Yield and Quality in Maize (Zea Mays L.)     

Saba Anwar  Hafiz Muhammad Akram  Mubashir Niaz  Rizwan Rasheed 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(19):2225-2232

Drought severely affects yield and its quality in different plants. In a field experiment, maize was exposed to drought stress at vegetative, silking, and kernel-filling growth stages to determine the drought-induced changes in kernel yield and quality traits. The experiment was laid-out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Withholding water at the vegetative stage was very effective in increasing protein, total amino acids, total soluble sugars, glucose, and sucrose contents in maize kernels. In contrast, drought applied at the kernel-filling stage increased the total free amino acids, total phenolics, and activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in maize kernels. Drought at the vegetative stage improved the kernel quality while at the silking stage severely affected kernel yield in maize. Taken together, the results suggested that incidence of drought should be avoided at the silking stage to minimize kernel yield losses and decrease in kernel quality in maize.  相似文献   

Application of Box-Behnken Design for Optimization of Different Pretreatment Conditions for Cellulase Production     

Sidra Iqbal  Muhammad Irfan  Fouzia Tabassum  Hafiz Abdullah Shakir  Javed Iqbal Qazi 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2017,24(3)

Effects of dilute acid and acid steam pretreatments were inspected for cellulose production of Eucalyptus leaves through Box-Behenken design,a three variable factors for response surface methodology by Bacillus subtilus K~(-1)8.Maximum cellulose production performed in 250 mL erlenmeyer flask with submerged fermentation attained at 50℃,p H 5,140 r·min~(-1) for 24 h.Results showed the efficient cellulose production from acid steam pretreatment(being autoclaved at 15 Psi for 15 min)than acid pretreatment.The optimum condition for maximum carboxymethyl cellulas(CMCase)was 1.811 IU·mL~(-1)·min~(-1)(0.8%acid conc.,10 g biomass loading,6 h reaction time)and filter paper activity(FPase)was 2.255 IU·mL~(-1)·min~(-1)(1%acid conc.,10 g biomass loading,8 h reaction time).Whereas,the acid steam maximum CMCase activity recorded was 2.585 IU·mL~(-1)·min~(-1)(0.8%acid conc.,15 g substrate loading and 8 h reaction time)and the highest FPase activity was 2.055 IU·mL~(-1)·min~(-1)(0.8%conc.,10 g biomass,6 h reaction time then autoclaved).Results revealed that acid pretreated Eucalyptus leaves were better lignocellulosic biomass for cellulose production by submerged fermentation.  相似文献   

Effect of carbonic anhydrase-containing endophytic bacteria on growth and physiological attributes of wheat under water-deficit conditions     

Ana Aslam  Zahir Ahmad Zahir  Hafiz Naeem Asghar  Muhammad Shahid 《Plant Production Science》2018,21(3):244-255

Drought is one of the major limitations to agricultural productivity, suppressing plant growth and yield of food crops throughout the world particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Drought-tolerant carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1)-containing endophytic bacteria may improve plant growth under stressed conditions. In the present study, effect of drought-tolerant CA-containing endophytic bacteria on growth and physiology of wheat under water-deficit conditions was studied. One hundred and fifty isolates were isolated from wheat plants and screened for their ability to tolerate polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000-induced water-deficit stress (?0.31 to ?3.20 MPa). Fifty isolates exhibiting intrinsic ability to tolerate stress were further screened for CA activity. Ten drought-tolerant isolates with higher CA activity were evaluated for improving wheat growth under water-deficit conditions (?0.04, ?1.09, ?1.23 MPa). Results showed that PEG-mediated water-deficit stress significantly reduced growth of wheat. However, inoculation with isolates WR2, WS11 and WL19 significantly enhanced seedling growth by improving maximum root length, shoot length, root and shoot dry weight under non-stressed as well as stressed conditions. These isolates were identified by 16S rRNA as Bacillus marisflavi (WR2) Bacillus thuringiensis (WS11) and Bacillus subtilis (WL19). Isolate WL19 also improved chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, CA activity and relative water content compared to uninoculated control plants. Overall, our findings suggest that endophytic bacterial isolates WR2, WS11 and WL19 with CA activity can enhance photosynthesis and biomass of wheat seedlings under water-deficit conditions.

Abbreviations: CA: Carbonic anhydrase; PEG: Polyethylene glycol; CO₂: Carbon dioxide; HCO^3–: Bicarbonate; TSA: Tryptic Soy Agar; LB: Luria Bertani; A: CO₂ assimilation rate; E: Transpiration rate; g_s: Stomatal conductance; C_i: Substomatal CO₂ concentration; RWC: Relative water content; EL: Electrolyte leakage  相似文献   

基于卷积网络的沙漠腹地绿洲植物群落自动分类方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尼加提·卡斯木  师庆东  刘素红  比拉力·依明  李浩 《农业机械学报》2019,50(1):217-225

为解决沙漠腹地绿洲遥感图像植物群落背景较易混淆,仅用传统的基于像元光谱信息的图像处理方法未能充分利用其图像特征信息,使得提取效果不佳的问题,针对地物类内特征复杂、类间边界模糊的特点,以连续分布的区域为研究对象,提出了一种基于深度卷积神经网络(Convolutional neural network,CNN)的高分辨率遥感影像植物群落自动分类方法。切分无人机影像获得规则块图像,利用基于CNN的VGGNet和Res Net模型分别对块图像的特征进行抽象与学习,以自动获取更加深层抽象、更具代表性的图像块深层特征,从而实现对植物群落分布区域的提取,以原图像与结果图像叠加的形式输出植物群落自动分类结果。采用了不同梯度的样本数量作为训练样本,利用文中提出的方法分析了不同梯度的训练样本数量对自动分类结果的影响。实验结果表明,训练样本数量对分类精度具有明显的影响;提高其泛化能力后,Res Net50模型与VGG19模型的建模精度从86. 00%、83. 33%分别提升到92. 56%、90. 29%; Res Net50模型分类精度为83. 53%～91. 83%,而VGG19模型分类精度为80. 97%～89. 56%,与传统的监督分类方法比较,深度卷积网络明显提高了分类精度。分类结果表明,训练样本数量不低于200时,基于CNN的Res Net50模型表现出最佳的分类结果。  相似文献   

Impact of foliar-applied Hoagland’s nutrient solution on growth and yield of mash bean (Vigna mungo L.) under different growth stages     

Hasnain Waheed  Adeel Shahid  Hafiz Haider Ali  Javaria Nargis  Azhar Mehmood 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(10):1133-1141

In a field experiment, various strengths of Hoagland’s nutrient solutions were sprayed to mitigate the deleterious effects of nutrient stresses at different growth stages on mash bean cultivars. Hoagland’s nutrient solution strengths of 0, 25, 50, and 75% were applied at 7, 14, and 21?days after emergence on mash bean cultivars namely Mash-2 and Mash-88. Hoagland’s nutrient solution of 75% strength markedly increased the growth and yield of mash bean cultivars if applied at 21?days after crop emergence. The Mash-88 showed superiority in terms of growth and yield traits as compared to Mash-2. The results suggested that growth and yield was not enhanced effectively by a low strength of Hoagland’s nutrient solution applied at initial growth stages. It is concluded that foliar-applied Hoagland’s nutrient solution of 75% strength can be used as an efficient tool when applied at appropriate growth stage (21?days after emergence) to get optimal yield.  相似文献   

Grain phosphorus and phytate contents of wheat genotypes released during last 6 decades and categorization of selected genotypes for phosphorus use efficiency     

Hafiz Muhammad Bilal  Muhammad Aamer Maqsood  Muhammad Farooq 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(6):727-740

Grain phosphorus (P) and phytate contents are important for early growth and quality of wheat, respectively. We studied seed P and phytate contents of 57 wheat genotypes released during last 6 decades. The grain total P and phytate P concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 8.9 mg g^?1 and 1.6 to 4.7 mg g^?1, respectively. Grain P was higher in genotypes released in current or last decade than pre-green revolution period and it correlated well with grain phytate contents. Indicating that breeders worked only for increased grain P and did not consider the phytate contents. Twenty-five genotypes were selected based on differences in grain P and phytate contents to observe the P use efficiency under field conditions. Genotypes differed significantly for grain P and yield at both 0 and 60 kg ha^?1 P levels. In conclusion, phytate fraction in grains of recent wheat genotypes was more as compared to old genotypes and genotype Inqlab-91 and Chakwal-86 had maximum grain total P. Moreover, number of productive tillers, spikelet per spike, grain weight, harvest index and grain P concentration and uptake were found responsible for P tolerance under P deficiency.  相似文献   

Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil at Southeastern Edge of Anabasis salsa in Junggar Basin北大核心CSCD     

Marhaba N.  Dai Y.  Shi Q.  Xiao H.B.  Peng L.  Kasim N. 《灌溉排水学报》2019,(7):38-44

【Objective】Soil is heterogenous and its physical and chemical properties vary spatiotemporally. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an experimental study on the physical and chemical properties of soil in Anabasis salsa in Gobi region at the southeastern edge of Junggar basin.【Method】We measured organic matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, pH and water content in soil at locations 5 cm and 10 cm from the center of shrubs, and 20 cm from the outer edge of shrubs.【Result】In horizonal direction, there was no significant difference in organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, pH and water content in the 0~50 cm soil at all locations. In vertical direction, the organic matter and total phosphorus in the proximity of the Anabasis salsa decreased monotonically along the soil profile, while the total nitrogen increased first with the depth followed by a decrease. Both electrical conductivity and pH increased with depth, and soil moisture peaked somewhere within the soil profile.【Conclusion】Our results showed that the physical and chemical properties of soil in Anabasis salsa did not show significant change in lateral direction but varied erratically in the vertical direction. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Eimeria in faeces of cattle in Saudi Arabia     

A A Kasim  Y R Al-Shawa 《Veterinary parasitology》1985,17(2):95-99

The faeces of 205 domestic cattle (Bos taurus) from 5 regions of Saudi Arabia were examined for the presence of coccidian parasites. The following species of Eimeria were recovered: Eimeria auburnensis, E. bovis, E. cylindrica, E. ellipsoidalis, E. subspherica, E. wyomingensis and E. zuerni. A total of 34.1% of the individual faecal samples were positive for the presence of coccidial oocysts. Mixed infections of 2-4 species were found in 15.7% of the specimens. E. zuerni and E. bovis occurred most frequently and were generally the most predominant species. The incidence of coccidia-infected cattle was higher in the eastern region.  相似文献