Feeding value of urea molasses-treated wheat straw ensiled with fresh cattle manure for growing crossbred cattle calves     

Sarwar M  Shahzad MA  Nisa MU  Afzal D  Sharif M  Saddiqi HA 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):543-548

The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of urea plus molasses-treated wheat straw (WS) ensiled with cattle manure (CM) on nutrients intake, their digestibilities, and growth performance of crossbred (Sahiwal × Holstein Friesian) cattle calves. The CM was mixed with ground WS in a ratio of 30:70 on dry matter (DM) basis. The WS–CM mixture treated with urea (4% DM) and molasses (4% DM) was allowed to ferment for 40 days in a cemented pit. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic fermented wheat straw (FWS)-based experimental diets were formulated. The FWS0, FWS20, FWS30, and FWS40 diets contained 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% FWS, respectively. Twenty calves (9–10 months of age) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, five in each group. Increasing trends for DM, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber intakes by calves were observed with increasing dietary FWS level. Weight gain was significantly different among calves fed different levels of FWS. The highest weight gain (491.8 g/day) was observed in calves fed FWS40 diet, while calves fed FWS0 and FWS20 diets gained 350.0 and 449.6 g/day, respectively. The results from this study imply that the FWS can be added up to 30% in the diet of growing crossbred calves without any detrimental effect on their performance.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of cholinesterase activities in food animals using modified Ellman and Michel assays     

Askar KA  Kudi AC  Moody AJ 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(4):261-270

This study investigated correlations between modified Ellman and Michel assay methods for measuring cholinesterase (ChE) activities. It also established a foundation for the applicability of measuring ChE activities in food animal species as biochemical biomarkers for evaluating exposure to and effects of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. Measuring ChE activities in blood and tissue is currently the most important method of confirming the diagnosis of such exposure. The study also characterized the level of ChE activity in the selected organs/tissues of these animals and determined the best organ/tissue in which to measure ChE activity. The ChE activities were found to be higher in cattle than in sheep and higher in erythrocytes than in plasma and serum. The anticoagulant heparin significantly affects AChE activity in plasma compared with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Of the different tissues tested, the mean of ChE activities was found to be highest in tissue from liver, followed by lung, muscle, kidney, and heart for sheep and cattle. In pigs, the ChE activities tested higher in kidney, liver, lung, muscle, and heart. The highest activities of ChE were found in pigs, followed by cattle and sheep. There was no significant difference between the modified Ellman and Michel method, but the percentage coefficient of variance (%CV) values were higher when the Michel method was used.  相似文献   

Mailing of samples for chemical and toxicological analyses     

H Lange  M Kasim 《Monatshefte für Veterin?rmedizin》1972,27(22):877-879

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The prevalence of fascioliasis in Saudi Arabia     

M. Magzoub  A. A. Kasim 《Tropical animal health and production》1978,10(1):205-206

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基于EM38和WorldView-2影像的土壤盐渍化建模研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尼加提·卡斯木  师庆东  茹克亚·萨吾提  依力亚斯江·努麦麦提  米合热古丽·塔什卜拉提 《土壤》2019,51(3):594-601

在干旱半干旱地区,土壤盐渍化是常见的土地退化问题之一。本研究选取于田县克里雅河上游边缘典型盐渍化区域作为研究靶区,通过EM38大地电导率仪实测土壤表观电导率,提取不同系数下的土壤调节植被指数(SAVI),分析了SAVI指数与土壤电导率间的相关性,并利用同时期WorldView-2影像的敏感波段建立了基于高分辨率影像数据的土壤盐渍化偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型并进行了精度验证。结果表明:①从遥感影像提取SAVI指数时,在系数(L)调节范围内选取固定系数值,系数值(间隔为0.1)从0.1变化到1.0的过程中,相应提取的SAVI指数与土壤电导率的相关性明显提升,相关性系数(r)从0.30提高到0.50,并通过显著性检验(P0.01)。②选取的SAVI1.0、B6、B7、B8四种变量中,以SAVI1.0+B6+B8为变量组合所建立的PLSR模型为最优,该模型较其他变量组合建模的决定系数(R2p)提高了0.11,因此,在研究区该模型具有更好的预测能力,模型精度为RMSEC=0.77dS/m、RC2=0.68、RMSEP=0.79 dS/m、RP2=0.66、RPD=2.2。  相似文献   

基于PMF模型的准东煤矿周围土壤重金属污染及来源解析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

比拉力·依明  阿不都艾尼·阿不里  师庆东  刘素红  尼加提·卡斯木  李浩 《农业工程学报》2019,35(9):185-192

为了解准东煤矿区周围土壤的污染状况及来源,在准东露天矿区采集47个表层土壤样本,测定其中Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Hg和As 6种重金属元素的含量。运用统计学方法、地累计指数(geoaccumulation index,I_(geo))和潜在风险指数(potential ecological risk index,PER)对研究区土壤重金属污染程度和生态风险态势进行评价,采用正矩阵分解模型(positive matrix factorization,PMF)解析重金属污染源。结果表明:1)研究区土壤Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Hg和As含量均超出新疆土壤环境质量背景值,超标率分别为2.1%、14.9%、4.3%、68.1%、68.1%和95.8%,其中As含量的均值分别超过国家土壤质量Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级标准(GB15618-1995)的2.1和1.3倍;2)Hg的地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数呈极高污染和高风险态势,Zn、Cu和Pb处于未污染和低风险状态。研究区综合潜在生态风险指数介于50.09～1 038.47之间,差异明显,均值为180.22,21%和11%土壤采样点呈现出较高和高风险水平;3)PMF模型结果显示:研究区土壤Hg主要受到燃煤活动的影响;Pb的积累主要与交通运输有关,As的积累主要与大气沉降和工业排放有关,工业排放是Cr的主要污染源,Zn和Cu的积累主要与土壤成土母质等自然因素有关。燃煤、交通运输、大气降尘、工业排放和自然因素5种来源的贡献率分别为20.79%,16.83%,16.83%和27.72%和17.82%。  相似文献   

新疆渭干河——库车河三角洲绿洲天然植被生态需水研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

满苏尔·沙比提  李艳红  阿里木·卡斯木 《干旱区资源与环境》2008,22(6):51-55

新疆渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲深居内陆,属于典型的大陆性干旱气候区,水资源缺乏,生态与环境脆弱,平原非灌区天然植被主要依靠汲取浅层地下水来满足其对水分的需求。本文利用遥感技术、水文地质调查等手段查明了研究区内的浅层地下水埋深和天然植被分布面积,应用GIS技术划定计算单元,利用典型地下水均衡试验场潜水蒸发和蒸腾试验成果确定各计算单元的潜水蒸发系数和植被系数,进而计算出现状条件下研究区域天然植被生态需水量为5.37×108m3,其中林灌地生态需水量为0.95×108m3,占17.71%,草地生态需水量为4.42×108m3,占82.29%。  相似文献   

Agroforestry Systems as Alternative Land-Use Options in the Arid Zone of Thal,Pakistan     

Muhammad Khan  Hafiz Zahid Mahmood  Ghulam Abbas  Christos A. Damalas 《Small-Scale Forestry》2017,16(4):553-569

Agroforestry offers unique opportunities for increasing biodiversity, preventing land degradation, and alleviating poverty, particularly in developing countries, but factors explaining the adoption by farmers are not well understood. A survey of 524 farm households was conducted in Bhakkar district of Punjab, Pakistan to study factors that determine the adoption of agroforestry on the sand dunes in the resource-deficient region of Thal. Two types of agroforestry systems were studied: intercropping and border cropping (also known as boundary or perimeter planting). Both agroforestry systems included irrigated cultivation of the timber trees Eucalyptus camaldulensis (local name: sufeda) and Tamarix aphylla (local name: sars) with wheat, chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) (local name: chana) or cluster beans (Cyamous tetragocalobe) (local name: guars). The majority of the farmers was in favour of intercropping and border cropping. Most farmers reported the protection of nearby crops from dust storms as the most important positive perception about both agroforestry systems. Age, education, and farm to market distance were significant determinants of agroforestry adoption. Older and less-educated farmers, with farms closer to markets were less likely to adopt tree planting or border cropping in Thal. In general, the agroforestry systems examined were more likely to be adopted by farmers who can wait 3–4 years for harvesting crop outputs, but not by poorer farmers who are totally dependent on subsistence agriculture and cannot afford the high initial cost of agroforestry establishment, nor can they wait for crop output for extended periods. Furthermore, the adoption of both agroforestry systems was more likely in remote marginal areas than in areas close to markets. To increase agroforestry adoption rates, government policies should strengthen farmers’ knowledge of every stage of agroforestry through extension services, focusing particularly among the prime prospects, i.e. farmers who will be most likely to adopt agroforestry. Once the prime prospects have adopted it, the older, less-educated, and poor farmers of the rural population can be also focused on to motivate adoption.  相似文献   

Comparison of fatty acid contents of wild and cultured rainbow trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Onchorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis> in Turkey     

Serap Saglik Aslan  Kasim Cemal Guven  Tuncay Gezgin  Mustafa Alpaslan  Adem Tekinay 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(5):1195-1198

Abstract:   The total lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined in the flesh and skin of wild and cultured rainbow trout in Turkey. The effect of diet content was also investigated on cultured trout. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for fatty acid analyses. Total lipid content of skin was higher than flesh in both types and when compared appreciably higher in cultured fish. The predominant fatty acid was palmitic acid (C16:0) in saturated fatty acids and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) in monounsaturated fatty acids. The amount of eicosapentaenoic acid was double in wild and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 1.5 times higher in cultured fish flesh. The n-3/n-6 ratio was higher in cultured fish than wild fish. The levels of palmitic, oleic, linoleic (C18:2n-6) and palmitoleic (C16:1n-7) acids were high in skin. The level of EPA was the same in skin of wild fish but 5.5 times higher in cultured fish, whereas the proportion of DHA in skin was lower for wild and 3.5 times higher in cultured fish. Wild fish had a high level of linoleic, arachidonic (C20:4n-6) and linolenic (C18:3n-3) acids. The total amount of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher in flesh of wild fish than cultured fish, contrary to skin of cultured fish. The data obtained demonstrated that fatty acid composition of cultured fish did not depend on that of feed.  相似文献   

基于三波段光谱指数的春小麦叶片水分含量估算     

尼加提·卡斯木  张志从  吾木提·艾山江  孜尼哈尔·祖努尼江 《麦类作物学报》2024,(4):522-531

为探讨利用三波段植被指数（three-band index, 3BI）对春小麦叶片水分含量（leaf water content, LWC）估算的可行性,在田间尺度上,利用ASD-FieldSpec-3光谱仪测定春小麦抽穗期冠层光谱反射率,采用任意波段组合方法,分别建立两波段植被指数（two-band index, 2BI）包括比值植被指数（RVI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、差值植被指数（DVI）及3BI,并对单波段反射率、两波段植被指数和三波段植被指数与春小麦抽穗期LWC之间进行相关性分析,筛选稳定的光谱参数,基于人工神经网络（artificial neural network, ANN）、K近邻（K-nearest neighbors, KNN）和支持向量回归（support vector regression, SVR）等3种机器学习算法,建立有效波段组合运算的抽穗期春小麦LWC估算模型,并利用独立样本对模型精度进行检验和评价。结果表明,单波段反射率、2BI和3BI与春小麦抽穗期LWC之间的相关性均达极显著水平（P＜0.01）,而相关系数差异较大,绝对值分别为0.23、0.62、0.94,说明组合波段展现了光谱隐含信息,避免有效光谱信息的丢失;估算模型中,春小麦抽穗期以KNN算法和最佳3BI组合变量（3BI-5_{(1075, 1095, 1085)}、3BI-6_{(1100, 400, 1097)}）构建的模型拟合度最高（r²=0.83）,均方根误差最小（RMSE=2.14%）,相对偏差百分比超出了2.0以上（RPD=2.31）,说明该模型具有一定的预测能力。由此可见,通过任意波段组合,可明显提高3BI与春小麦LWC的关联度,且基于K近邻算法构建的模型具有较好的稳定性和估算能力。  相似文献