New alternatives for wood preservation based on thermal and chemical modification of wood— a review     

Philippe Gérardin 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(3):559-570

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<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus nigra</Emphasis> Arn. ssp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">salzmannii</Emphasis> seedling recruitment is affected by stand basal area,shrub cover and climate interactions     

Manuel E. Lucas-Borja  David Candel-Pérez  Francisco A. García Morote  Thierry Onkelinx  Pedro A. Tíscar  Philippe Balandier 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(3):649-656

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Inoculating Bacteria into Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Oil Sands Soil by Means of Electrokinetics     

Elaine L. Secord  Anastasia Kottara  Philippe Van Cappellen  Ana T. Lima 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(8):288

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Long-lasting anticryptosporidial activity of nitazoxanide in an immunosuppressed rat model   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Li X  Brasseur P  Agnamey P  Leméteil D  Favennec L  Ballet JJ  Rossignol JF 《Folia parasitologica》2003,50(1):19-22

Cryptosporidium parvum, Tyzzer, 1912 is identified as a common cause of diarrhoea in immunocompetent individuals. In immunocompromised, especially HIV-infected subjects, cryptosporidiosis causes severe chronic diarrhoea. In this study, nitazoxanide (NTZ) was compared for curative activity with sinefungin (SNF) and paromomycin (PRM) in immunosuppressed rats, a screening model for anticryptosporidial agents. NTZ at either 50 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day resulted in seven days in a dose-dependent inhibition of oocyst shedding similar to that obtained with SNF (10 mg/kg/day) and PRM (100 mg/kg/day). Further discontinuation of SNF or PRM 100 mg/kg/day therapy resulted in early relapse of oocyst shedding which reached the pre-treatment levels in 2-4 days. In contrast, seven days after discontinuation of therapy, shedding inhibition was unchanged in NTZ-treated rats. Data prompt further assessment of the activity of NTZ on sequestered C. parvum.  相似文献   

Effect of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol on pythium: cellular responses and variation in sensitivity among propagules and species     

de Souza JT  Arnould C  Deulvot C  Lemanceau P  Gianinazzi-Pearson V  Raaijmakers JM 《Phytopathology》2003,93(8):966-975

ABSTRACT The antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) plays an important role in the suppression of plant pathogens by several strains of Pseudomonas spp. Based on the results of this study, there is variation within and among Pythium spp. to 2,4-DAPG. Also, various propagules of Pythium ultimum var. sporangiiferum, that are part of the asexual stage of the life cycle, differ considerably in their sensitivity to 2,4-DAPG. Mycelium was the most resistant structure, followed by zoosporangia, zoospore cysts, and zoospores. Additionally, we report for the first time that pH has a significant effect on the activity of 2,4-DAPG, with a higher activity at low pH. Furthermore, the level of acetylation of phloroglucinols is also a major determinant of their activity. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that 2,4-DAPG causes different stages of disorganization in hyphal tips of Pythium ultimum var. sporangiiferum, including alteration (proliferation, retraction, and disruption) of the plasma membrane, vacuolization, and cell content disintegration. The implications of these results for the efficacy and consistency of biological control of plant-pathogenic Pythium spp. by 2,4-DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. are discussed.  相似文献   

Comparison of Multistage Versus One-Stage Destabilization of a Type II External Fixator Used to Stabilize an Oblique Tibial Osteotomy in Dogs     

Jerome Auger  DMV  DES  MSc  Diplomate ACVS/ECVS    Jacques Dupuis  DMV  MS  Diplomate ACVS    Francis Boudreault  BEng  MSc    Philippe Pare  BEng    Guy Beauregard  DMV    Luc Breton  DMV  MSc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(1):10-22

OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical effects of multistage versus one-stage destabilization of a type II external skeletal fixator (ESF) used to stabilize an oblique unstable tibial osteotomy in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experimental study. ANIMAL POPULATION: Twelve healthy adult dogs. METHODS: The biomechanical characteristics of the type II ESF used in this study were determined. This fixator was applied to both tibiae of two groups of 6 dogs to stabilize a 2-mm-wide oblique osteotomy. One fixator on each dog remained unchanged throughout the 11-week study (control group). The fixator on the opposite limb was destabilized late and acutely in one group of dogs (single-stage) and early and progressively in the other (multistage). Clinical examination, radiographic examination, and force-plate analysis were used to evaluate the results. All dogs were euthanatized at 11 weeks. All tibiae were scanned to determine the cross-sectional area of the callus in the center of the osteotomy and subjected to biomechanical tests to determine mean pull-out strength of pins and callus strength and stiffness. RESULTS: Stiffness of the type II ESF used in this study was 578 N/mm in axial compression, 0.767 Nm/deg in torsion, 261 N/mm in medio-lateral bending, and 25 N/mm in cranio-caudal bending. Peak vertical forces of the hindlimbs were significantly lower at 2.5 and 5 weeks than before surgery. Peak vertical forces of the hindlimbs did not change before and after destabilization. No significant differences could be detected between the two destabilization sequences or between all control tibiae and pooled destabilized tibiae with regards to radiographic evaluation of the healing osteotomy, cross-sectional periosteal callus area, mean pull-out strength of transfixation pins, callus strength, and callus stiffness. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bone healing of unstable osteotomies stabilized with a type II ESF is not significantly enhanced by staged destabilization of the fixation as performed in this study.  相似文献   

State of the Art of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer Larviculture     

Philippe  Dhert  Patrick  Lavens Patrick  Sorgeloos 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1992,23(4):317-329

Innovative techniques opened new perspectives in the larviculture of the Asian seabass in the 1980s. Induced spawning maximized egg production while sperm preservation reduced the problem of male brood-stock supply. Studies of biometric characteristics of the fish larvae resulted in improved feeding strategies with live food. This in turn permitted a more rational use of expensive Artemia nauplii. Nutritional enhancement of the highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) composition of the live food resulted in significant improvement of survival and physiological condition of the larvae at metamorphosis. A salinity stress test enabled the evaluation of the larvae's physiological status and estimation of their HUFA-requirements during the hatchery and pre-nursery phase.  相似文献   

Spatial coordination of spindle assembly by chromosome-mediated signaling gradients     

Caudron M  Bunt G  Bastiaens P  Karsenti E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5739):1373-1376

During cell division, chromosomes are distributed to daughter cells by the mitotic spindle. This system requires spatial cues to reproducibly self-organize. We report that such cues are provided by chromosome-mediated interaction gradients between the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Ran and importin-beta. This produces activity gradients that determine the spatial distribution of microtubule nucleation and stabilization around chromosomes and that are essential for the self-organization of microtubules into a bipolar spindle.  相似文献   

Relationship between age and tibial plateau angle in dogs with cranial cruciate rupture     

Zeltzman PA  Paré B  Johnson GM  Zeltzman V  Robbins MA  Gendreau CL 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2005,41(2):117-120

The pathogenesis of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture remains controversial, and its relationship to tibial plateau angle is unknown. In this study, the tibial plateau angle was measured in 200 large-breed dogs diagnosed with CCL rupture. Correlation analyses were performed to determine whether the age at the time of CCL rupture and the tibial plateau angle were related. While these two values were inversely correlated, the relationship was not strong enough to explain the frequency of CCL rupture in young, large-breed dogs. There was no statistically significant correlation between age at the time of CCL rupture and tibial plateau angle.  相似文献   

Identification of Ehrlichia ruminantium (Gardel strain) IFN-gamma inducing proteins after vaccination with a killed vaccine     

Esteves I  Martinez D  Totté P 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,100(3-4):233-240

IFN-γ is considered as a key factor in protection against heartwater of ruminants, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium. In this study, a better definition of the molecular masses of IFN-γ inducing proteins of the Gardel strain of E. ruminantium was obtained by the use of continuous flow electrophoresis (CFE) and sensitized polyclonal lymphocytes. Out of 15 E. ruminantium CFE fractions tested within the 14–39 kDa region, eight were commonly reacted to by all goats. Interestingly, half of these fractions fall within the 23–29 kDa region, shown previously to contain polymorphic B-cell epitopes. Thus, the results suggest that this region also contains T-cell epitopes potentially involved in protection. Also, several proteins were found to be more immunogenic than the serologically immunodominant MAP1 protein. Finally, high activity within the 15–19 kDa region was observed, which confirms previous work done with CD4+ T-cell lines obtained from cattle immunized with a South African strain of E. ruminantium. The proteins falling within the molecular weight ranges defined in this study may have potential as vaccine antigens.  相似文献