新疆玛纳斯河流域灌溉技术对土壤盐渍化的影响   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

李玉义  柳红东  张凤华  陈阜  赖先齐 《中国农业大学学报》2007,12(1):22-26

评价新疆玛纳斯河流域灌区灌溉技术对土壤盐渍化的影响程度。以石河子垦区为例,着重分析不同阶段灌溉技术对土壤盐渍化的影响;根据土壤盐渍化与灌溉技术水平的关系,用类比法对灌区盐渍化耕地的发展趋势进行初步预测。结果表明:在无排水条件下漫灌、畦灌等传统灌溉技术造成地下水位迅速上升,土层出现严重积盐。井灌井排技术有效地降低了地下水位,土壤明显脱盐,作物产量不断提高。目前大力推广的膜下滴灌由于其良好的节水和压盐效果,土壤中盐分含量逐年下降,随着滴灌年限的增加,土壤平均脱盐率逐渐提高;预计2010年大部分地区水资源达到合理利用后,灌区次生盐渍化耕地比例将下降到35%~40%,2020年区域水资源实现高效利用后,盐渍化耕地将减少到30%以内。随着灌溉技术水平的不断提高,不同类型土壤出现明显脱盐,灌区盐渍化耕地也将逐渐减少,但不会全部消失。  相似文献   

Comparative genome and proteome analysis of Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster     

Zdobnov EM  von Mering C  Letunic I  Torrents D  Suyama M  Copley RR  Christophides GK  Thomasova D  Holt RA  Subramanian GM  Mueller HM  Dimopoulos G  Law JH  Wells MA  Birney E  Charlab R  Halpern AL  Kokoza E  Kraft CL  Lai Z  Lewis S  Louis C  Barillas-Mury C  Nusskern D  Rubin GM  Salzberg SL  Sutton GG  Topalis P  Wides R  Wincker P  Yandell M  Collins FH  Ribeiro J  Gelbart WM  Kafatos FC  Bork P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):149-159

Comparison of the genomes and proteomes of the two diptera Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster, which diverged about 250 million years ago, reveals considerable similarities. However, numerous differences are also observed; some of these must reflect the selection and subsequent adaptation associated with different ecologies and life strategies. Almost half of the genes in both genomes are interpreted as orthologs and show an average sequence identity of about 56%, which is slightly lower than that observed between the orthologs of the pufferfish and human (diverged about 450 million years ago). This indicates that these two insects diverged considerably faster than vertebrates. Aligned sequences reveal that orthologous genes have retained only half of their intron/exon structure, indicating that intron gains or losses have occurred at a rate of about one per gene per 125 million years. Chromosomal arms exhibit significant remnants of homology between the two species, although only 34% of the genes colocalize in small "microsyntenic" clusters, and major interarm transfers as well as intra-arm shuffling of gene order are detected.  相似文献   

马尾松无性系种子园花期花量分析   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

赖焕林  王章荣 《浙江林学院学报》1996,13(4):405-411

调查了广西覃塘林场马尾松无性系种子园的花期和花量，着重探讨花期和花量对种子生产与子代群体遗传结构的影响。结果认为；无性系间和分株间的花期并不完全一致，但存在一程度的同步性。进入正常结实期的种子园存在“花粉相对不足”问题。少数几个无性系的雄球花或雌球花园内主占主导地位使种子园种子的遗传基础面临变窄的问题。  相似文献   

浅析新《食品安全抽样检验管理办法》中关于食品复检工作的规定     

张强  仲炎  张居舟  陶运来  殷俊峰 《现代农业科技》2020,(1)

依据《中华人民共和国食品安全法》、《场监管总局办公厅关于进一步规范食品安全监督抽检复检和异议工作的通知》等有关规定,结合食品复检工作中的实际情况,解读新《食品安全抽样检验管理办法》中关于食品复检工作的相关规定,就完善食品复检工作程序提出相关建议。  相似文献   

中国水牛血红蛋白多态性及命名研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

史荣仙  赖松家 《南京农业大学学报》1995,18(3):94-99

采用醋酸纤维薄膜法首次系统分析了中国１２个水牛地方类群１０７１头水牛的血红蛋白多态性。结果表明，中国水牛血红蛋白受Ｈｂ＾Ａ，Ｈｂ＾Ｂ，Ｈｂ＾Ｃ３个等位基因控制，其频率分别为０．０７６１，０．８８５２和０．０３８７，Ｈｂ＾Ｃ基因系首次命名。聚类分析表明，中国水牛名地方类群间亲缘关系较近。  相似文献   

邻水县农村产业系统模型决策方案     

赖景生  朱淑芳  戴思锐 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(4)

本文从众多方案中选出6个方案,作为邻水县1990、1995和2000年三个年段的系统模型决策方案,并对这些方案进行了多方面的分析,为系统规划设计和领导决策提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Biflavonoids from Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) fruits and their effects in inhibiting NF-kappa B activation     

Zhou HF  Xie C  Jian R  Kang J  Li Y  Zhuang CL  Yang F  Zhang LL  Lai L  Wu T  Wu X 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(7):3060-3065

Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) fruits have been widely used as food and folk medicine in the Mediterranean basin and in central and west Asia. In this study, two biflavonoids, isoginkgetin, and ginkgetin, together with three other flavonoids, were isolated from caper fruits. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature. To our knowledge, isoginkgetin, ginkgetin and sakuranetin were identified in caper for the first time. Notably, it is also the first time that biflavonoids have ever been found in the Capparidaceae. Concentrations of the two biflavonoids were measured in caper fruits collected from four major growing areas in northwest China. The anti-inflammatory effects of the flavonoids from caper fruits were evaluated by secreted placental alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter assay, which was designed to measure nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Isoginkgetin and ginkgetin showed inhibitory effects in initial screen at 20 μM, while the effect of ginkgetin was much greater than that of isoginkgetin. In a dose-response experiment, the IC(50) value of ginkgetin was estimated at 7.5 μM, suggesting it could be a strong NF-κB inhibitor and worthy of study in vivo.  相似文献   

我国甜菜育苗移栽机械的研究进展和发展趋势     

赖庆辉  陈海涛  于海业  任珂珂 《农机化研究》2011,33(2)

甜菜育苗移栽是一项高产栽培技术,但我国的推广面积却仅有12%.育苗移栽机械只有与我国甜菜生产相适应,才能促使育苗移栽技术顺利大面积推广.为此,回顾了我国近30多a来所研制的甜菜育苗移栽机械(包括碎筛土机、床土配制机、墩土机和移栽机)的研究进展,详述了各自的结构形式、工作原理和技术参数,分析了工作特点和优缺点;针对我国甜菜育苗移栽机械未能推广应用的现状,分析了存在的问题,提出了相应的建议,并预测了未来的发展趋势.  相似文献   

牛巨噬细胞天然抗性蛋白Ⅰ基因可变剪接体(NRAMPI-ISO)的克隆及在细胞和组织中的表达     

程祥  邓捷  孟书燕  来威锋  王华岩 《农业生物技术学报》2011,19(4)

巨噬细胞天然抗性蛋白1 (NRAMP1)可抑制结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium)和布氏杆菌(Brucella)等多种胞内寄生病原菌的感染,提高动物机体的抗病能力.本研究从秦川牛脾脏中克隆了NRA MP1基因的一种可变剪接体NRA MPI-ISO,序列分析表明,NRA MPI-ISO比NRAMP1多了第3个内含子,从而导致编码序列提前终止于第3个内含子,NRA MPI-ISO编码200个氨基酸.为了探索可变剪接体NRAMPI-ISO的表达情况,本研究分别构建了原核表达载体pET-41-NRA MPI-ISO和真核表达载体pEGFP-NRA MPI-ISO.原核表达载体pET-41 -NRA MPI-ISO可在不同浓度的IPTG诱导下在大肠杆菌BL21中高效表达.真核表达载体pEGFP-NRA MPI-ISO转染牛成纤维细胞后,EGFP-NRAMP 1-ISO融合蛋白分布在细胞核和细胞质中,而正常的NRAMP1蛋白只分布在细胞质的溶酶体膜周围.半定量RT-PCR检测表明,NRA MPI-ISO基因在心、脾脏、肺脏等组织有较高的表达,而在脑、胰、生殖嵴中的表达量相对较低.本研究为进一步研究NRA MPI-ISO基因生物学功能提供了重要信息.  相似文献   

Effects of chlorantraniliprole on development and reproduction of beet armyworm, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera exigua</Emphasis> (Hübner)     

Tiancai Lai  Jianya Su 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(3):381-386

The lethal and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole against Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) were evaluated under laboratory conditions by oral exposure of neonate larvae to the compound. The 72 h LC₅₀ value of this insecticide to S. exigua was found to be 12.747 μg l⁻¹. A progressive larval mortality of 24.32% for LC₃₀ treatment and 42.61% for LC₅₀ treatment was observed from 4th to 6th day after exposure, which resulted in the reduced pupation rates in exposure groups. The sublethal effects of this chemical were indicated by prolongation of larval period, the increase of pupal weight and decrease in hatch rate of egg. Chlorantraniliprole at LC₃₀ and LC₅₀ rate significantly delayed larval development; the developmental duration of surviving larvae was extended for 22.5 and 28.6%, respectively, compared with that of control group. LC₃₀ treatment increased the mean weight of pupa and induced to the production of heavier pupa (>150 mg). In LC₅₀ treatment, heavier pupa also showed up but the mean weight of pupa was not influenced. The egg hatch rate in LC₅₀ group was significant lower than that in control and LC₃₀ groups. No significant differences in pupal duration, emergence rate, sex ratio, egg number per female, and longevity of adults were observed among treatments. Chlorantraniliprole had exceptional activity against S. exigua according to concentration–response bioassay in laboratory, and the toxicities were primarily resulted from immediate lethality.  相似文献