A multi-scaled analysis of avian response to habitat amount and fragmentation in the Canadian dry mixed-grass prairie     

Nicola Koper  Fiona K. K. Schmiegelow 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(7):1045-1059

Previous research has suggested that ducks and songbirds may benefit from prairie landscapes that consist primarily of contiguous grasslands. However, the relative importance of landscape-level vs. local characteristics on mechanisms underlying observed patterns is unclear. We measured effects of grassland amount and fragmentation on upland and wetland songbird and duck density and nest success, and on some nest predators, across 16 landscapes in southern Alberta, Canada. We compared these landscape-level effects with local-scale responses, including distance to various edges and vegetation characteristics. We also evaluated several statistical approaches to comparing effects of habitat characteristics at multiple spatial scales. Few species were influenced by grassland amount or fragmentation. In contrast, distance to edge and local vegetation characteristics had significant effects on densities and nest success of many species. Previous studies that reported effects of landscape characteristics may have detected patterns driven by local mechanisms. As a corollary, results were very sensitive to statistical model structure; landscape level effects were much less apparent when local characteristics were included in the models.  相似文献   

Corynebacterium ulcerans in free-ranging otters     

Foster G  Patterson T  Howie F  Simpson V  Davison N  Efstratiou A  Lai S 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(16):524

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Rural vet shortage issue     

Park F 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(9):533, 535

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Synthesis of six heterocyclic multifunctional alkylating agents and evaluation of their activity againstPyrenophora avenae andBlumeria graminis f.sp.hordei     

Fiona M. Anderson  D. R. Walters  D. J. Robins 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(3):275-281

Six heterocyclic alkylating agents were synthesized and examined for activity against the oat stripe pathogenPyrenophora avenae on agar plates and against the barley powdery mildew fungusBlumeria graminis f.sp.hordei on barley seedlings. Radial growth ofP. avenae was not significantly affected by any of the compounds, but four of them,α,α-bis[4,7-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane]-para-xylene[3], 1,4,8,11-tetra(2-chloroethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane[4], 8,11-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraaza-5,7-oxocyclotetradecane[5] and 7,16-bis(2-chloroethyl-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazaoctadecane[6], gave significant reductions in biomass ofP. avenae grown in liquid culture and in powdery mildew infection on barley when used at 25μM. Polyamine biosynthesis was examined by following the incorporation of labeled ornithine into polyamines inP. avenae. The four compounds3–6 which reduced mildew infection all reduced the flux of label through to the polyamines inP. avenae. Whether the reductions in mildew infection caused by these compounds is related to reduced formation of polyamines is not known and awaits investigation. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 22, 2005.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial use through feed, water, and injection in 20 swine farms in Alberta and Saskatchewan          下载免费PDF全文

Leigh B. Rosengren  Cheryl L. Waldner  Richard J. Reid-Smith  John C.S. Harding  Sheryl P. Gow    Wendy L. Wilkins 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(2):143-150

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging animal welfare and public health issue linked to antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock. This study was conducted in 2004 on 20 swine farms in Alberta and Saskatchewan. On-farm records and questionnaires were used to retrospectively describe the antimicrobial exposures of pigs through feed, water, and injection. Antimicrobial use in all production categories was described over 12 months. On-farm records and questionnaires provided sufficient data to describe antimicrobial exposure rates through feed and water. In contrast, on-farm records did not supply sufficient data to describe parenteral antimicrobial exposure rates. Records lacked data on the number of exposures per treatment, therefore parenteral AMU was described as an exposure incidence. Parenteral exposure records were often unavailable for pigs less than 22 kg, in which case questionnaires were used. The incidence of parenteral AMU was significantly higher in herds reporting exposure by questionnaire compared with existing records, suggesting that on-farm records did not reliably describe parenteral AMU. However, because antimicrobial exposures in feed and water were markedly more common than through injection, it was concluded that existing on-farm data would be a valuable resource for investigating AMU and AMR in pigs.  相似文献   

Analysis of gene transcript profiling and immunobiology in Shetland sheepdogs with dermatomyositis     

Wahl JM  Clark LA  Skalli O  Ambrus A  Rees CA  Mansell JL  Murphy KE 《Veterinary dermatology》2008,19(2):52-58

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Affluent effluent: growing vegetables with wastewater in Melbourne, Australia—a wealthy but bone-dry city     

Fiona Barker-Reid  Grant A. Harper  Andrew J. Hamilton 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2010,24(1-2):79-94

Water scarcity in Australia has become a significant challenge for all water users and water reuse is now a critical component of Melbourne’s response to this water crisis, particularly for food production. While most vegetable production occurs in a large-scale commercial environment, there is a significant proportion produced in backyards. With the introduction of severe water restrictions, commercial vegetable production now relies heavily on high quality Class A reclaimed water, while households have turned to the use of greywater. While there are many benefits of wastewater reuse, there are also many potential risks to plant, environmental and human health. A quantitative microbial risk assessment of the two systems was conducted to evaluate the human health risks associated with both large-scale and backyard reuse of water for vegetable irrigation. This preliminary model suggests that for irrigation with typical greywater, the annual infection probability for enteric viruses is >10^?4, even after a two week period of no irrigation with greywater. The human annual enteric virus risk from Class A reclaimed water was much lower.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of piscine myocarditis virus in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in Ireland     

Andrew J. Tighe  Jens Carlsson  Teresa Morrissey  Fiona Swords  Neil M. Ruane 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(8):1161-1168

Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) is a double‐stranded RNA virus which has been linked to cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The first recorded outbreak of CMS in Ireland occurred in 2012. Heart tissue samples were collected in the current study from farmed Atlantic salmon from various marine sites around Ireland, and the open reading frames (ORFs) 1 and 3 were amplified and sequenced in order to examine the genetic diversity of PMCV. Results showed PMCV to be largely homogenous in Irish samples, showing little genetic diversity. However, several amino acid positions within both ORF1 and ORF3 showed consistent variations unique to the Irish PMCV strains when compared with previously published Norwegian strains. The phylogeny generated in the present study suggests that PMCV may have been introduced into Ireland in two waves, both coming from the southern part of PMCV's range in Norway. In addition, over three‐quarters of the PMCV strains which were sequenced came from fish not exhibiting any clinical signs of CMS, suggesting that either PMCV is evolving to become less virulent in Ireland or Irish Atlantic salmon are developing immunity to the disease.  相似文献   

Influence of water management,photoperiod and aeration on growth,survival, and early spat settlement of the hatchery-reared green mussel,Perna viridis     

Fedelia Flor C. Mero  Fiona. L. Pedroso  Mary Jane S. Apines-Amar  Josel F. Cadangin  Donna C. Rendaje  Christine S. Verde  Jean Rose H. Maquirang  Lily Anne G. Pi&#;osa 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(2):159-172

In an attempt to induce early spat settlement and improve mussel seed production, this study aims to determine the influence of water management, photoperiod, and aeration, on the growth, survival and settlement of green mussel (Perna viridis). Water in the pediveliger rearing tanks was changed every day, every 3 days and every 5 days for the water-management experiment. Pediveligers were exposed in 24L:0D h (light: dark), 12L:12D h and 0L:24D h conditions for the photoperiod experiment. Three aeration intensities were also tested—mild (10 L h−1), moderate (20 L h−1), and strong (30 L h−1). This study demonstrated that changing water every 3 days was effective in maintaining the rearing water quality and improving the growth and survival of P. viridis larvae. Highest growth and survival rates were observed in P. viridis spats grown in 0L:24D h photoperiod. There was no significant difference in the settlement rate of larvae exposed to different photoperiods. Mild aeration has shown to improve the growth of P. viridis larvae, but higher survival and settlement rates were attained in the strongly-aerated conditions. Therefore, when the larvae start to settle, it is recommended to expose them to darkness, change the water every 3 days and provide a strong aeration to be able to attain high survival and settlement rates, and bigger spats.  相似文献   

Assessing the landscape visual quality of Shar Planina,North Macedonia     

Jovanovska  Daniela  Swetnam  Ruth D.  Tweed  Fiona S.  Melovski  Ljupcho 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(12):2805-2823

Landscape Ecology - Landscape quality assessment provides a contextual basis for integrating cultural ecosystem services within landscape management and policy. However, measuring landscape visual...  相似文献