Volatilization and photodecomposition of Plictran miticide.     

G N Smith  F S Fischer  R J Axelson 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1976,24(6):1225-1229

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Weed management and irrigation are key treatments in emerging black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) cultivation     

A. Olivera  C. R. Fischer  J. A. Bonet  J. Mart��nez de Arag��n  D. Oliach  C. Colinas 《New Forests》2011,42(2):227-239

Interest in conversion of marginal agricultural lands to small oak woodlands for the production of black truffles (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.) is increasing in the native black truffle areas of France, Spain and Italy as well as suitable or amended sites throughout the world due to high economic returns for gastronomically valuable truffles. Successful long-term management of a perennial plantation replacing an annual crop requires understanding the system in all phases of the life cycle, and in the case of truffles this involves understanding the interactive growth of the aboveground host and the belowground symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus whose fruitbody is the desired truffle. Here we focus on the pre-production phase, 4 years after establishing the truffle-oak plantation and prior to truffle production. We tested the influence of weed control, irrigation and fertilizer, each at 3 levels, on plant growth and ectomycorrhizal proliferation in three truffle-oaks plantations in northeast Spain. Results show that adequate weed control improves root and shoot dry weight while fertilizer and irrigation treatments did not influence plant growth. The low dose of irrigation (50% of the estimated water deficit for the site) and glyphosate weed control both increased total root tips/plant and T. melanosporum colonized tips (ectomycorrhizae) by approximately two-fold, compared to control treatments. Distribution of the ectomycorrhizae within the soil profile was significantly influenced by the low dose irrigation treatment, with increases observed in the 10?C20 cm and the 20?C30 cm deep layers compared to the control and high irrigation treatments. Four years after planting, T. melanosporum remained the dominant fungal symbiont, despite the presence of 14 other ectomycorrhizal morphotypes from these sites.  相似文献   

Water activity effects on geranyl acetate synthesis catalyzed by novozym in supercritical ethane and in supercritical carbon dioxide     

Peres C  Gomes da Silva MD  Barreiros S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):1884-1888

The esterification reaction of geraniol with acetic acid catalyzed by Novozym was studied in supercritical ethane (sc-ethane) and in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO(2)). Water activity (a(W)) had a very strong effect on enzyme activity, with reaction rates increasing up to a(W) = 0.25 and then decreasing for higher a(W). Salt hydrate pairs could not prevent changes in a(W) during the course of reaction but were able to control a(W) to some extent and had a beneficial effect on both initial rates of esterification and conversion in sc-ethane. The enzyme was more active in sc-ethane than in sc-CO(2), confirming the deleterious effect of the latter already observed with some enzymes. Temperatures between 40 and 60 degrees C did not have a strong effect on initial rates of esterification, although reaction progress declined considerably in that temperature range. For the mixture of 50 mM acetic acid plus 200 mM geraniol, 100% conversion was achieved at a reaction time of 10 h at 40 degrees C, 100 bar, an a(W) of incubation of 0.25, and a Novozym concentration of 0.55 mg cm(-)(3) in sc-ethane. Conversion was below 50% in sc-CO(2) at otherwise identical conditions. With an equimolar mixture of the two substrates (100 mM), 98% conversion was reached at 10 h of reaction in sc-ethane (73% conversion in sc-CO(2)).  相似文献   

Phäophytin in subhydrischen Fließwassersedimenten     

W. R. Fischer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1974,137(1):49-60

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Deutscher Zentralausschuß für Chemie,H. Grünewald (Herausg.): Internationale Regeln für die chemische Nomenklatur und Terminologie. Deutsche Ausgabe. Abschnitte A und B. Verlag Chemie GmbH., Weinheim 1975. Loseblatt-Ordner,DM 58,—     

W. R. Fischer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1977,140(2):241-242

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Demuth,R. und F. Kober: Grundlagen der Komplexchemie. 2., vollständig neu bearbeitete Auflage. Otto Salle Verlag,Frankfurt am Main,und Verlag Sauerländer,Aarau (1992). 218 S., gebunden DM 80,-. ISBN 3-7935-5483-X     

W. R. Fischer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1994,157(2):152-152

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Die Interpretation von K/Ca-Austauschkurven mit Hilfe einer einfachen GAPON-Gleichung     

Walter R. Fischer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1990,153(2):93-95

The interpretation of K/Ca exchange isotherms by a simple GAPON equation K/Ca exchange isotherms of various soils can be described by a GAPON equation, where the coefficients being fitted to the measured values by iteration. The resulting values for the “labile potassium” are very similar to those of exchangeable K, whereas only 5–25% of the cec is involved in the short-term K/Ca exchange.  相似文献   

Free amino acid composition of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) fruit (pulp and peel) and jam   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Silva BM  Casal S  Andrade PB  Seabra RM  Oliveira MB  Ferreira MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(5):1201-1206

Twenty-one free amino acids present in several samples of quince fruit (pulp and peel) and quince jam (homemade and industrially manufactured) were analyzed by GC/FID. The analyses showed some differences between quince pulps and peels. Generally, the highest content in total free amino acids and in glycine was found in peels. As a general rule, the three major free amino acids detected in pulps were aspartic acid, asparagine, and hydroxyproline. For quince peels, usually, the three most abundant amino acids were glycine, aspartic acid, and asparagine. Similarly, for quince jams the most important free amino acids were aspartic acid, asparagine, and glycine or hydroxyproline. This study suggests that the free amino acid analysis can be useful for the evaluation of quince jam authenticity. It seems that glycine percentage can be used for the detection of quince peel addition while high alanine content can be related to pear addition.  相似文献   

Axonal neuregulin-1 regulates myelin sheath thickness     

Michailov GV  Sereda MW  Brinkmann BG  Fischer TM  Haug B  Birchmeier C  Role L  Lai C  Schwab MH  Nave KA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5671):700-703

In the nervous system of vertebrates, myelination is essential for rapid and accurate impulse conduction. Myelin thickness depends on axon fiber size. We use mutant and transgenic mouse lines to show that axonal Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signals information about axon size to Schwann cells. Reduced Nrg1 expression causes hypomyelination and reduced nerve conduction velocity. Neuronal overexpression of Nrg1 induces hypermyelination and demonstrates that Nrg1 type III is the responsible isoform. We suggest a model by which myelin-forming Schwann cells integrate axonal Nrg1 signals as a biochemical measure of axon size.  相似文献   

Melanopsin is required for non-image-forming photic responses in blind mice     

Panda S  Provencio I  Tu DC  Pires SS  Rollag MD  Castrucci AM  Pletcher MT  Sato TK  Wiltshire T  Andahazy M  Kay SA  Van Gelder RN  Hogenesch JB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5632):525-527

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