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Tomoaki Morishita Shuhei Aizawa Shuichiro Yoshinaga Shinji Kaneko 《Journal of Forest Research》2011,16(5):386-393
Temperate forest soils are one source of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is an important greenhouse gas and the most important ozone-depleting substance. To clarify N2O flux mechanisms in relation to soil temperature, moisture, and nitrification activity, we measured N2O fluxes and net nitrification rates over 3 years at the lower (Japanese cedar) and upper (deciduous broad-leaved trees) parts
of a hill slope in a small forest catchment in the northern Kanto region of Japan. The N2O flux was measured by the closed-chamber technique every month, along with soil temperature and water-filled pore space (WFPS).
At the lower slope, the N2O flux increased with increasing soil temperature (r
2 = 0.383, P < 0.01) owing to an increase in the nitrification rate. At the upper slope, no positive linear correlation of N2O flux with soil temperature, WFPS, or nitrification rate was observed. The low N2O flux at the upper slope during summer was caused by the low summertime WFPS there. We attributed the higher mean N2O fluxes observed at the lower slope (median 2.36 μg N m−2 h−1) than at the upper slope (median 1.10 μg N m−2 h−1) to a high soil moisture during summer season in the surface soil of the lower slope. 相似文献
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Yoshida K Yokoyama H Oteki T Matsumoto G Aizawa K Inakuma T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(7):2966-2971
Although it has been reported that dietary lycopene, the main carotenoid in tomato, improved drug-induced nephropathy, there are no reports on the effect of orally administered lycopene on the in vivo renal reducing (i.e., antioxidant) ability. The radiofrequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method is a unique technique by which the in vivo reducing ability of an experimental animal can be studied. In this study, the in vivo changes in the renal reducing ability of rats orally administered lycopene were investigated using a 700 MHz EPR spectrometer equipped with a surface-coil-type resonator. Rats were fed either a control diet or a diet containing lycopene. After 2 weeks, in vivo EPR measurements were conducted. The renal reducing ability of lycopene-treated rats was significantly greater than that of the control. This is the first verification of in vivo antioxidant enhancement via dietary lycopene administration. 相似文献
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Length determination in biology generally uses molecular rulers. The hook, a part of the flagellum of motile bacteria, has an invariant length. Here, we examined hook length and found that it was determined not by molecular rulers but probably by the amount of subunit protein secreted by the flagellar export apparatus. The export apparatus shares common features with the type III virulence-factor secretion machinery and thus may be used more widely in length determination of structures other than flagella. 相似文献
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It is well krown that many investigations have been presented on the visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra of soil humic acids, and they contributed greatly to our knowledge on the nature of humus. On the other hand, there have been very few works on the infared spectra of humic acids, though it is expected that they would give us useful information on their nature, especially furctional groups. 相似文献
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Rohny Setiawan Maail Kenji Umemura Hideo Aizawa Shuichi Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(1):31-37
This study examined the effects of moisture content (MC) on the manufacture of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) using supercritical
CO2 in the curing process. Significant correlations were found between MC and the performance of CBP: the internal bond strength,
modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity values of CBP achieved their maximums, when the MC of boards was approximately
30%. This finding indicated that during the curing phase of manufacturing CBP, a MC of about 30%, which is nearly equal to
the water–cement (w/c) ratio of about 0.34, contributes to improved mechanical properties. However, the mechanical properties
decreased when the MC was below 30%, which had a negative effect on board performance, indicating that carbon dioxide could
not fully react and no carbonation occurred during the curing process. Maintaining a MC of approximately 30% as an ordinary
condition of the cement required in the curing of CBP could promote the reaction of carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate
(CaCO3), which leads to increased final strength of CBP. Both X-ray diffractometry and thermal gravimetry observation agreed well
with these results and clarified that the increase of CaCO3 content caused by carbonation with increased MC of boards contributed to improving the mechanical properties of CBP. 相似文献
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Bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP‐4) and BMP‐7, theca cell‐derived growth factors, directly affect the granulosa cell function. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of BMP‐4 or BMP‐7 in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in bovine granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were collected from small follicles (4–6 mm) and seeded at a density of 2–5 × 105 cells per well in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F12 medium with BMP‐4 or BMP‐7. The expression of VEGF messenger RNA and protein was the maximum when 1.0 ng/mL of BMP‐4 was added to the culture medium. On the other hand, 10 ng/mL of BMP‐7 significantly increased the expression of the VEGF gene and protein. In addition, BMP‐4 stimulated the expression of Smad1 and Smad5 genes in granulosa cells, whereas BMP‐7 stimulated the expression of Smad5 gene. These results suggested that BMP‐4 and BMP‐7 may be associated with VEGF expression via several specific Smads in bovine granulosa cells: BMP‐4 via Smad1/Smad5 and BMP‐7 via Smad5. In conclusion, theca cell‐derived BMP‐4 and BMP‐7 might contribute to follicular vasculature and development by inducing VEGF expression in granulosa cells. 相似文献
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Estimates of genetic parameters for chemical traits of meat quality in Japanese black cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hironori Sakuma Kaoru Saito Kimiko Kohira Fumie Ohhashi Noriaki Shoji Yoshinobu Uemoto 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):203-212
Genetic parameters for 54 carcass and chemical traits, such as general composition (moisture, crude fat and crude protein), fatty acid composition and water‐soluble compounds (free amino acids, peptides, nucleotides and sugars) of 587 commercial Japanese Black cattle were assessed. Heritability estimates for carcass traits and general composition ranged between 0.19–0.28, whereas those for fatty acid composition ranged between 0.11–0.85. Most heritability estimates for water‐soluble compounds were lower than 0.30; these traits were affected by aging period. Moderate heritability was observed for glutamine, alanine, taurine, anserine, inosine 5′‐monophosphate (IMP), inosine and myo‐inositol. In particular, heritability estimates were the highest (0.66) for taurine. Traits with moderate heritability were unaffected by aging period, with the exception of IMP, which was affected by aging period but exhibited moderate heritability (0.47). Although phenotypic correlations of water‐soluble compounds with carcass weight (CW), beef marbling standard (BMS) and monounsaturated fatty acid were generally low, genetic correlations between these traits were low to high. At the genetic level, most of the water‐soluble compounds were positively correlated with monounsaturated fatty acid but negatively correlated with CW and BMS. Thus, our results indicate that genetic variance and correlations could exist and be captured for some of the water‐soluble compounds. 相似文献