Enzymatic hydrolysis of flavonoids and pectic oligosaccharides from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel     

Mandalari G  Bennett RN  Kirby AR  Lo Curto RB  Bisignano G  Waldron KW  Faulds CB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(21):8307-8313

Pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes (Pectinase 62L, Pectinase 690L, and Cellulase CO13P) were used to evaluate the solubilization of carbohydrates and low molecular weight flavonoids from bergamot peel, a major byproduct of the essential oil industry. The enzymes were characterized for main-chain and side-chain polysaccharide hydrolyzing activities and also against pure samples of various flavonoids previously identified in bergamot peel to determine various glycosidase activities. The addition of Pectinase 62L or 690L alone, or the combination of Pectinase 62L and Cellulase CO13P, was capable of solubilizing between 70 and 80% of the bergamot peel, and up to 90% of the flavonoid glycosides present were cleaved to their aglycones. Cellulase CO13P alone solubilized 62% of the peel but had no deglycosylating effect on the flavonoid glycosides. Over a 24-h time course, a rapid release of cell wall carbohydrates was observed after treatment with Pectinase 62L, with a concurrent gradual hydrolysis of the flavonoid glycosides. Size-exclusion chromatography of the solubilized extract showed that after 24-h incubation, the majority of the solubilized carbohydrates were present as monosaccharides with a smaller proportion of oligosaccharides.  相似文献   

Lipoxygenase involvement in ripening strawberry     

Leone A  Bleve-Zacheo T  Gerardi C  Melillo MT  Leo L  Zacheo G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6835-6844

The enzymatic activity, subcellular localization, and immunolocalization of plant lipoxygenase (LOX) in strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch) were investigated. Chemical and enzymatic properties of LOX have been characterized, and the LOX capability of oxygenating free and esterified unsaturated fatty acids into C6 volatile aldehydes has been confirmed. Fruits at unripe, turning, and ripe stages were analyzed for LOX activity and protein localization by Western blots, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and immunolocalization analyses. The ability of strawberry tissues to in vivo metabolize linolenic acid or linoleic acid into C6 volatile aldehydes and the LOX products was also analyzed. Analysis of strawberry proteins showed that a number of LOX forms, corresponding to at least two mobility groups of approximately 100 and 98 kDa and pI values ranging between 4.4 and 6.5, were present. Confocal and electron microscopy analyses support the idea that LOX proteins are associated to lipid-protein aggregates. Both exogenously supplied linoleate and linolenate were converted into hexanal and trans-2-hexenal at the three fruit-ripening stages. Our experiments suggest the presence of different LOX isoforms in strawberry fruits and that the lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase pathway plays a role in converting lipids to C6 volatiles during ripening.  相似文献   

Changes in some blood parameters,milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period          下载免费PDF全文

Enrico Fiore  Sonia Giambelluca  Massimo Morgante  Barbara Contiero  Elisa Mazzotta  Domenico Vecchio  Irene Vazzana  Pasquale Rossi  Francesca Arfuso  Giuseppe Piccione  Matteo Gianesella 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2025-2032

In this study changes in hematochemical parameters, milk composition and yield were investigated in buffaloes during the transition period. A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight were used. Parity was recorded, blood samples were collected from 80 days pre‐partum until 70 days post‐partum; milk samples were collected from 5 days to 70 days post‐partum. On serum samples, the values of non‐esterified fatty acids, β‐hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. The peripartum period significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced all studied parameters with the exception of glucose. Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post‐partum; DMP significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post‐partum until 40 days post‐partum. Milk yield significantly (P ≤ 0.01) decreased in animals over the sixth lactation. Our results confirmed the importance of transit period in buffaloes. Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period.  相似文献   

Antifungal activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Boerhavia diffusa</Emphasis> L. extract against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora</Emphasis> spp. in tomato and pepper     

Eva Švecová  Giuseppe Colla  Paola Crinò 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(1):27-41

A new longidorid nematode, Longidorus persicus n. sp., is described and illustrated from a population extracted from soil associated with wild rose (Rosa sp.) naturally growing in the mountains close to the village of Cheshmeh-e-Nezamei near the city of Gilan-e-Gharb, Kermanshah province, western Iran. The new needle nematode is characterised by a large body size (6550–7763 μm), an anteriorly flattened lip region, ca 13 μm wide, distinctly set off from body contour by a depression, amphidial fovea large, pocket shaped, slightly asymmetrically bilobed, a moderately long and flexible odontostyle ca 86 μm long, stylet guiding ring located at ca 25 μm from anterior end, posterior arrangement of the pharyngeal gland nuclei, vulva almost equatorial (49–54 %), tail short, about 3/4 of its width, dorsally convex-conoid, with rounded terminus, with a c’ ratio ca 1.3, bearing three pairs of caudal pores and male rare (ratio 1:10 females) with spicules ca 46 μm long. Integrative diagnosis was completed with molecular data obtained using D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA, ITS1-rDNA, and partial 18S-rDNA. The phylogenetic relationships of this species with other Longidorus spp. using D2-D3 expansion segments and partial 18S-rDNA indicated that L. persicus n. sp. clustered together with L. perangustus and L. euonymus: both of them sharing an anteriorly flattened lip region and distinctly set off from body contour by a depression.  相似文献   

Wide Range Applications of Spirulina: From Earth to Space Missions     

Giacomo Fais  Alessia Manca  Federico Bolognesi  Massimiliano Borselli  Alessandro Concas  Marco Busutti  Giovanni Broggi  Pierdanilo Sanna  Yandy Marx Castillo-Aleman  Ren Antonio Rivero-Jimnez  Antonio Alfonso Bencomo-Hernandez  Yendry Ventura-Carmenate  Michela Altea  Antonella Pantaleo  Gilberto Gabrielli  Federico Biglioli  Giacomo Cao  Giuseppe Giannaccare 《Marine drugs》2022,20(5)

Spirulina is the most studied cyanobacterium species for both pharmacological applications and the food industry. The aim of the present review is to summarize the potential benefits of the use of Spirulina for improving healthcare both in space and on Earth. Regarding the first field of application, Spirulina could represent a new technology for the sustainment of long-duration manned missions to planets beyond the Lower Earth Orbit (e.g., Mars); furthermore, it could help astronauts stay healthy while exposed to a variety of stress factors that can have negative consequences even after years. As far as the second field of application, Spirulina could have an active role in various aspects of medicine, such as metabolism, oncology, ophthalmology, central and peripheral nervous systems, and nephrology. The recent findings of the capacity of Spirulina to improve stem cells mobility and to increase immune response have opened new intriguing scenarios in oncological and infectious diseases, respectively.  相似文献   

Standardization of canine meningioma grading: Validation of new guidelines for reproducible histopathologic criteria     

Sara Belluco  Giuseppe Marano  Thibaut Lurier  Giancarlo Avallone  Chiara Brachelente  Stefano Di Palma  Roberta Rasotto  Kerstin Baiker  Andreas Beineke  Anna Oevermann  Frauke Seehusen  Fabiano José Ferreira de Sant'Ana  Patrizia Boracchi  Martí Pumarola  Maria Teresa Mandara 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(4):685-699

Canine meningiomas are currently graded using the human grading system. Recently published guidelines have adapted the human grading system for use in dogs. The goal of this study was to validate the new guidelines for canine meningiomas. To evaluate the inter-observer agreement, 5 veterinary surgical pathologists graded 158 canine meningiomas following the human grading system alone or with the new guidelines. The inter-observer agreement for histologic grade and each of the grading criteria (mitotic grade, invasion, spontaneous necrosis, macronucleoli, small cells, hypercellularity, pattern loss and anaplasia) was evaluated using the Fleiss kappa index. The diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) was assessed by comparing the diagnoses obtained with the 2 grading systems with a consensus grade (considered the reference classification). The consensus histologic grade was obtained by agreement between 4 experienced veterinary neuropathologists following the guidelines. Compared with the human grading alone, the canine-specific guidelines increased the inter-observer agreement for: histologic grade (κ = 0.52); invasion (κ = 0.67); necrosis (κ = 0.62); small cells (κ = 0.36); pattern loss (κ = 0.49) and anaplasia (κ = 0.55). Mitotic grade agreement remained substantial (κ = 0.63). The guidelines improved the sensitivity in identifying grade 1 (95.6%) and the specificity in identifying grade 2 (96.2%) meningiomas. In conclusion, the new grading guidelines for canine meningiomas are associated with an overall improvement in the inter-observer agreement and higher diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing grade 1 and grade 2 meningiomas.  相似文献