The 2002 Denali fault earthquake,Alaska: a large magnitude,slip-partitioned event   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eberhart-Phillips D  Haeussler PJ  Freymueller JT  Frankel AD  Rubin CM  Craw P  Ratchkovski NA  Anderson G  Carver GA  Crone AJ  Dawson TE  Fletcher H  Hansen R  Harp EL  Harris RA  Hill DP  Hreinsdóttir S  Jibson RW  Jones LM  Kayen R  Keefer DK  Larsen CF  Moran SC  Personius SF  Plafker G  Sherrod B  Sieh K  Sitar N  Wallace WK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5622):1113-1118

The MW (moment magnitude) 7.9 Denali fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 was associated with 340 kilometers of surface rupture and was the largest strike-slip earthquake in North America in almost 150 years. It illuminates earthquake mechanics and hazards of large strike-slip faults. It began with thrusting on the previously unrecognized Susitna Glacier fault, continued with right-slip on the Denali fault, then took a right step and continued with right-slip on the Totschunda fault. There is good correlation between geologically observed and geophysically inferred moment release. The earthquake produced unusually strong distal effects in the rupture propagation direction, including triggered seismicity.  相似文献   

Investigation on desiccation cracking behavior of clayey soils with a perspective of fracture mechanics: a review     

Xu  Jin-Jian  Tang  Chao-Sheng  Cheng  Qing  Xu  Qi-liang  Inyang  Hilary I.  Lin  Zhu-Yuan  Shi  Bin 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(3):859-888

Purpose

Soil cracking is a common natural phenomenon. The existence of soil cracks has significant effects on the engineering properties of clayey soil, and can cause significant problems in geotechnical, geological, and environmental aspects. Understanding of the potential mechanisms of soil cracking is essential in assessments of potential damages to earthen infrastructures.

Materials and method

We review the past research efforts devoted to the experimental investigations and applications of fracture mechanics in soil cracking, attempting to provide a better understanding of the formation mechanism of desiccation cracking with a perspective of fracture mechanics.

Results and discussion

This review analyzes the influence of soil cracking on soil engineering properties and the significance of soil cracking phenomena. Past and current formulations of soil fracture criteria and their experimental investigation are discussed. This review reveals the factors that affect the mechanisms of soil fracture can be divided into two groups, namely soil intrinsic properties and test-related factors. The applications of fracture mechanics in soil cracking are also discussed with particular focus on soil fracture models that are separately based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), elastic plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM), and numerical simulations of soil cracking based on fracture mechanics. Some challenges and prospects of the applications of fracture mechanics in soil cracking are presented.

Conclusions

Fracture mechanics is a significant method to explain soil crack initiation and propagation. It is expected that researchers can gain better understanding of the range of fracture mechanics applications in soil cracking, and seek improvements and extensions of existing models through this review.

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Two cases of vaginal bleeding in pet rats     

Sadar MJ  Parker DL  Burgess H  Wojnarowicz C 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(7):768-771

Two unrelated rats were presented to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine emergency service for vaginal bleeding. Each was taken to surgery due to marked blood loss and suspicion of uterine pathology. Despite similar clinical presentation, gross and histopathologic examination revealed 2 different underlying disease processes, uterine dilatation with mild endometritis and vaginal polyp.  相似文献   

Importance of researching the mechanisms underpinning the restoration of whole ecosystem diversity     

John R. Healey  Susan Tandy  Hilary L. Wallace  Julie C. Williamson  Mark A. Nason  Davey L. Jones 《Biological conservation》2011,(5):1300-1301

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Sensitivity of primary cells immortalised by oncogene transfection for the detection and isolation of foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease viruses.     

Nigel P Ferris  Geoff H Hutchings  Hilary J Moulsdale  Janet Golding  John B Clarke 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,84(4):307-316

Primary cells derived from calf thyroid (CTY), calf kidney (CK) and piglet kidney (PK) were immortalised by oncogene transfection and their susceptibility to infection by foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus and swine vesicular disease (SVD) virus examined. Eighty-five immortalised cell lines (47 CTY, 20 CK and 18 PK) proved stable upon repeated cell culture passage and many supported the growth of FMD virus and several of the PK cell lines supported SVD virus. However, none of the immortalised lines exhibited either the degree of sensitivity or the specificity for all virus serotypes and strains as shown by primary CTY and IB-RS-2 cell cultures which are routinely employed for vesicular virus diagnosis.  相似文献   

Compost Recipe Development and Weed Seed Viability Evaluation with Cranberry Leaves     

Hilary A. Sandler  Daniel E. Shumaker  Joanne Mason 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):351-360

A small-pile demonstration study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of composting cranberry leaves on commercial cranberry farms in Southeastern Massachusetts. The recipe ratios tested were: 20:0:0 (cranberry leaves only), 10:10:2, and 10:10:1 (leaves:horse manure and bedding:fish hydrolysate). Both mixed recipes generated thermophilic temperatures (between 43-66°C for at least 20 d), conditions known to destroy many plant pathogens and weed seeds. Analysis of leaf samples indicated that all three recipes were more acidic than most other types of compost (values below pH 6). Nitrogen levels were at or below the low-end (0.45-0.75% N) of the typical level seen with most compost (1% N). The final C:N ratios (22:1 to 38:1) were within the acceptable range for many uses. The mixed piles attained thermophilic temperatures for sufficient duration to prevent germination of the seven species of weeds tested. Leaf residue levels for eight common cranberry pesticides were also determined. The insecticide, chlorpyrifos, and the metabolite of the herbicide dichlobenil, BAM (2,6-dichlorobenzamide), were detected at levels below food tolerance and slightly above the food tolerance threshold, respectively. These levels were within a range that would allow the pursuit of commercial development of the compost since ingestion is not an anticipated end-product use. The data from this preliminary demonstration study would suggest that the composted product would be acceptable for use on-farm as well as for distribution to other off-farm sites, but additional replicated research studies are warranted.  相似文献   

Effect of blindfolding on centre of pressure variables in healthy horses during quiet standing     

Hilary M. Clayton  Sandra Nauwelaerts 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2014,199(3):365-369

In a standing horse the centre of pressure (COP), measured as the resultant vertical ground reaction force (GRF) of all supporting limbs, is adjusted in response to visual, vestibular and proprioceptive information. Stabilographic analysis measures balance by tracking COP movements in the horizontal plane. Loss of visual input affects stability of balance in people and has clinical implications in that instability inherent in some neurological diseases increases with the eyes closed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the visual contribution to postural stability in horses. The hypothesis was that the magnitude and variability of postural sway variables increases when visual input is removed. Vertical GRFs were measured using two synchronized force plates and COP movements were tracked in 20 horses as they stood without visible movements of the hooves, head or neck. Three trials of 60 s duration were recorded under sighted and blindfolded conditions. Stabilographic variables (craniocaudal and mediolateral COP amplitudes, velocities and mean power frequencies and their within-trial variabilities) were calculated and compared using univariate analysis of variance.Compared with the sighted condition, blindfolding increased the magnitude and the within-trial variability of craniocaudal and mediolateral COP amplitudes and mediolateral COP velocity. The findings indicated that loss of visual input had more effect on the measured COP variables in the time domain (amplitudes, velocities) than in the frequency domain (mean power frequency). The effects of blindfolding on postural stability should be further investigated as part of a diagnostic approach to the evaluation of balance in horses with neurological impairment.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Gingival mass in a dog     

Moira E. Kerr  Hilary J. Burgess 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(1):115-116

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Ectopic ureter in a male cat     

Hilary M. Burbidge  B.R. Jones  M.T. Mora 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):123-125

A male cat with persistent urinary incontinence is described. Definitive diagnosis of unilateral ectopic ureter was obtained by intravenous urography, after which surgical re-implantation of the ureter into the bladder was performed. The literature on ureteral ectopia in cats is discussed.  相似文献   

The Effects of Planting Time,Runner Size and Plant Spacing on the Yield of Strawberries     

Hilary Hughes 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):253-262

In experiments over the period 1962–64 in southern England the effects of runner size, planting time and in-row spacing were compared with regard to the yield of one-year strawberry plants. Planting time had the greatest effect. Early planting markedly increased yield, though runner size interacted with it. In August, runner size had no effect, very small runners yielding as well as large ones but, from September planting, large runners outyielded smaller runners. Plots with spacing of six inches in the row outyielded those with spacing of twelve inches.

The experimental treatments did not have a marked effect on the yield of large berries in 1962, but in 1963, when growth was less vigorous, treatment effects were similar to those on overall yield. The yield of very early, ripe fruit was greatest from the September-planted runners. Plant spacing had no effect on time of ripening.

The difference in growth and crop between the two years was probably related to the soil and to air-temperature differences each autumn after planting.

In the second season of each trial, plant spacing was doubled, by removal of alternate plants. The original planting treatments had few significant effects on the yield from the spaced, two-year old plants. From both one-and two-year-old plants Cambridge Favourite outyielded Cambridge Rival, but the latter gave more early ripe fruit and less waste fruit.  相似文献