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31.
Okada H Iwamaru Y Imamura M Masujin K Matsuura Y Shimizu Y Kasai K Takata M Fukuda S Nikaido S Fujii K Onoe S Mohri S Yokoyama T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1465-1471
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of cattle characterized by accumulation of the disease-associated prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in the central nervous system (CNS). The immunohistochemical patterns and distribution of PrP(Sc) were investigated in the CNS, brains, and spinal cords of 7 naturally occurring BSE cases confirmed by the fallen stock surveillance program in Japan. No animals showed characteristic clinical signs of the disease. Coronal slices of 14 different brain areas in each case were immunohistochemically analyzed using an anti-prion protein antibody. Immunolabeled PrP(Sc) deposition was widely observed throughout each brain and spinal cord. Intense PrP(Sc) deposition was greater in the thalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord of the gray matter than in the neocortices. The topographical distribution pattern and severity of PrP(Sc) accumulation were mapped and plotted as immunohistochemical profiles of the different brain areas along the caudal-rostral axis of the brain. The distribution pattern and severity of the immunolabeled PrP(Sc) in the CNS were almost the same among the 7 cases analyzed, suggesting that the naturally occurring cases in this study were at the preclinical stage of the disease. Immunohistochemical mapping of the PrP(Sc) deposits will be used to clarify the different stages of BSE in cattle. 相似文献
32.
Sex and age differences in meat composition of Yeso sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) reared for a short period after capture in the wild
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Maki Hayashida Kousaku Souma Kazuki Sugo Shin‐ichi Araki Fumiaki Ishizaka Masami Ueda Takamasa Kasai Takayoshi Masuko 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(2):207-213
Yeso sika deer captured in winter around Lake Akan in Hokkaido were reared for 8–10 months at Tokyo University of Agriculture in Abashiri. Six 1‐year‐old females and males and six 2‐year‐old or older (adult) females and males were slaughtered and their carcasses were processed. The chemical composition, mineral contents and fatty acid composition of the loin were measured. No marked influence of gender or age was noted in the chemical composition of loin. In the mineral contents, significant differences were noted. The potassium and sulfur contents were lower and the sodium content was higher in adult deer meat (P < 0.05, respectively) and the potassium content was higher in male deer meat (P < 0.05). Arsenic, cadmium or lead were not detected. In the unsaturated fatty acid, a significant interaction was detected (P < 0.05), and it was high in 1‐year‐old female deer meat and low in 1‐year‐old male deer meat. Significant gender or age differences were noted only in the mineral contents in the loin of deer reared for a short period after capture. 相似文献
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In order to characterize the mechanism of Al tolerance (Atlas 66) and Al sensitivity (Scout 66) in two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the early responses to Al stress under acidic conditions were investigated. Marked inhibition of root elongation of Scout was observed upon treatment with 10 μM AlCl3 for less than 3 h. The inhibition of root elongation of Scout was reversed within 3 days when the treated samples were transferred to a solution without Al. However, treatment for 6 h with AlCl3 repressed root elongation almost completely and irreversibly. Root elongation of Atlas was only partially inhibited by the treatment with 10 μM AlCl3 for more than 6 h. Levels of Al in two portions of roots, namely, portions 0–5 mm and 5–10 mm from the tip, were lower in Atlas than those in Scout. In Atlas the levels of Al on a fresh weight basis in both portions were very similar, while the level of Al in the portion 0–5 mm from the tip was almost double than that in the 5–10 mm portion in Scout. A distinct increase in levels of Al in the 0–5 mm portion over that in the 5–10 mm portion of Scout was observed even after 3 h of treatment with AlCl3. Both Atlas and Scout were preloaded with K+ at pH 5.5 and transferred to distilled water at various pH values to monitor the efflux of K+. A reduction in the pH induced increases in the efflux of K+ in both cultivars, and the rate of efflux in Scout was twice that in Atlas at pH 4.2. AlCl3 at concentrations as low as 5 μM markedly repressed K+efflux at pH 4.2 and this effect was more pronounced in Scout. Ca2+ also had a repressive effect on K+ efflux, while EGTA increased K+ efflux. Vanadate increased K+ efflux, a result that suggests the involvement of a H+ pump in K+ efflux. Ca2+ failed to repress the increased efflux of K+ caused by vanadate while Al repressed the K+ efflux even in the presence of vanadate. These results suggest that a low extracellular pH may cause an increase in the cytoplasmic concentration of H+ that is followed by depolarization of the plasma membrane, which may be modified by the efflux of K+ and H+. The characteristic difference in terms of K+ efflux between Atlas and Scout at low pH may be caused by differences associated with plasma membrane potentials, as follows. The net influx of H+ at low pH, which causes depolarization of the plasma membrane, is higher in Scout than in Atlas. The difference in the net influx of H+ may be regulated in part by Ca2+, that either repress the influx of H+ or the activate of the H+ pump. Inhibition of K+ efflux by Al, which tends to depolarize the plasma membrane at low pH, may be an important factor in determining sensitivity and/or tolerance to Al. 相似文献
34.
Kousei Yamashita Minobu Kasai Yoko Yamamoto Hideaki Matsumoto 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):657-668
The effect of nitrate (NO3) on the activities of hydrogen (H+)‐ATPase and H+‐transport in the plasma membrane vesicles isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Kikaihadaka) roots was investigated. After treatment with 10 mM NO3 for longer than 24 h, both activities of H+‐ATPase and H+‐transport assayed in the presence of chloride (Cl) were stimulated less than 20%. While H+‐transport activity was approximately two times higher in NO3‐grown roots than in control roots when assayed in the presence of NO3 instead of Cl. This result suggests that NO3 is permeable in the plasma membrane vesicles isolated from NO3‐grown roots rather than that of the control, and thereby stimulate H+‐transport activity through the collapse of positive potentials established by H+‐ATPase. Furthermore, NO3 efflux from roots was markedly enhanced after 48 h of the exposure to NO3. Taken together, NO3 efflux may be mediated by the permeability to NO3 which is induced by NO3. 相似文献
35.
Abstract In this study energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was used to discover changes in the composition of phytin globoids in aleurone particles of developing rice grains. At early milky stage (the 7th to 10th day after flowering) many aleurone particles were observed as electron lucent vacuole-like particles in aleurone cells, some of which contained a small electron-dense inclusion (phytin globoid). The major mineral elements present in phytin globoids were phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). Potassium (K) was also detectable but its concentration was extremely low relative to these two. Calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) were found as minor components. At early dough stage (the 17th to 19th day after ftowering) P, Mg and K were observed as the major mineral elements. The composition of mineral elements in phytin globoids tend to be constant in the late staae of ripening. On the other hand, minor elements, i.e. Ca and Zn, were only detectable in the early stage of ripening, suuesting that these elements accumulated in the aleurone particles only during the early stage, and in later stage their accumulation was either complete or at very low levels compared with those of K and Mg. The relative amount of Mg existing in phytin globoid remained roughly constant throughout the ripening periods, while that of K varied. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of phytin globoids in developing rice aleurone particles confirmed that the accumulation of P, Mg and K in rice grains was closely related to the formation of phytin globoids. This analysis suggested further that the mechanism of accumulation of P into aleurone particles was very similar to that of Mg, while that of K differed from both. The results obtained suggested that Ca and Zn might be required in the formation of phytin globoid at the early ripening stage. EDX analysis of a protein body in the starchy endosperm revealed that there was no significant element detectable in an EDX spectrum other than sulfur. This suggests that lamellar concentric structures in protein bodies are not due to phytin. 相似文献
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The body complex of the soybean seed (BCSS) was isolated from the single cells (27.2%) by a sequential procedure of autoclaving with water, cellulase digestion for the primary cell wall, pectinase digestion for the secondary cell wall, and defatting with hexane washing. Its characteristics were then investigated. The defatted BCSS (DBCSS) consisted of protein (76.5%) and mannose-rich carbohydrates (3.2%). Screening of the food-processing protease for the digestion of DBCSS was carried out, and a kind of alkaline protease was selected. The inner protein of DBCSS was easily extracted with 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer, pH 10, and the insoluble shell of the body complex (SDBCSS) was left. SDBCSS consisted of hydrophobic amino acid-rich protein. SDBCSS was easily digested by the selected alkaline protease. SDBCSS was dissolved by boiling with sodium dodecyl sulfate-mercaptoethanol, and it was found to consist of a protein of approximately 3 kDa. The high enzymatic digestion including the selected protease for soybean seed and defatted soybean meal was carried out; both were extracted and digested with a yield of >99.5%. The final indigestible residue was found as paired hexagonal and filamentous organs of the soybean cells. 相似文献
40.
An ELISA, using viable bovine lymphosarcoma cells, was developed to detect tumor-associated antigens (TAA) expressed on lymphosarcoma cells from cows with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Monoclonal antibodies (MAB) against TAA were used. Using viable-cell ELISA, MAB reacted with tumor cells from 9 cows with EBL, but not with peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 clinically normal cows. Titers of MAB against tumor cells from 1 cow with EBL were 2,048 (direct immunofluorescence assay), 8,192 (flow cytometry), 2,048 (fixed-cell ELISA), and 16,384 (viable-cell ELISA). Viable-cell ELISA was the most sensitive method for detection of TAA. Reactivities of 7 MAB to tumor cells from cows with EBL were compared between viable-cell ELISA and a complement-dependent antibody cytotoxicity test. Of 5 MAB with no cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, 3 were reactive against tumor cells from the same cow, as determined by viable-cell ELISA, with titers ranging from 128 to 2,048. 相似文献