An anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory polysaccharide from Orbignya phalerata     

Bernadete Pereira da Silva  Jos Paz Parente 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(8)

A polysaccharide, a glucan with mean M_r of 1.0×10⁶ (MP1), was isolated from the mesocarp of fruits of Orbignya phalerata. Chemical and spectroscopic studies indicated that MP1 has a highly branched glucan type structure composed of α-(1→4) linked -glucopyranose residues with (3→4), (4→6), and with (3→6) branching points. MP1 enhanced phagocytosis in vivo and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity.  相似文献   

Water deficits are more important in delaying growth than in changing patterns of carbon allocation in Eucalyptus globulus     

Osório J  Osório ML  Chaves MM  Pereira JS 《Tree physiology》1998,18(6):363-373

Potted cuttings of three Eucalyptus globulus Labill. clones (AR3, CN44, MP11) were either well watered or subjected to one of two soil water deficit regimes for six months in a greenhouse. Reductions in lateral branching, leaf production and leaf expansion were the leading contributors to the large differences observed in biomass production between well-watered and water-stressed plants. Although no significant differences among clones were observed in dry matter accumulation or in the magnitude of the response to soil water deficits, sensitivity of lateral branching, leaf initiation and whole-plant foliage to water stress was significantly lower in CN44 than in AR3 and MP11. When the confounding effect of differences in plant size resulting from the different watering regimes was removed, allometric analysis indicated that the genotypes differed in biomass allocation patterns. In addition to a drought-induced reduction in leaf number, water deficits also resulted in smaller leaves because leaf expansion was inhibited during dehydration events. Resumption of leaf expansion following stress relief occurred in all of the clones, but was particularly evident in severely stressed plants of Clone AR3, possibly as a result of the osmotic adjustment observed in this genotype.  相似文献   

Monitoring water and NO₃-N in irrigated maize fields in the Sorraia Watershed, Portugal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. R. Cameira  R. M. Fernando  L. S. Pereira 《Agricultural Water Management》2003,60(3):199-216

The Sorraia Watershed has a long history of continuous irrigated maize. Imprecise water and fertiliser management has contributed to increase nitrate in the groundwater. Solving this problem requires the identification of problem sources and the definition of alternate management practices. This can be performed by an interactive use of selective experimentation and modelling. This paper presents the experimentation phase, where the field experiments were conducted under the irrigation and fertilisation management commonly found in the watershed. Two different soil representatives of the watershed were selected, presenting different water and solute transport properties. One is a silty loam alluvial soil, with a shallow water table, and the other is a sandy soil with a very low water retention capacity. The various terms of the water (consumption, drainage, soil storage) and nitrogen balance (plant uptake, mineralisation and leaching) were obtained from intensive monitoring in the soil profile up to 80 cm, corresponding to the crop root zone. The results showed that in the alluvial soil, up to 70 kg N ha⁻¹ was produced by mineralisation. Current fertiliser management fail in that it does not consider the soil capability to supply mineral nitrogen from the organic nitrogen stored in the profile at planting. This leads to a considerable amount of NO₃-N stored in the soil at harvesting, which is leached during the winter rainy season. In the sandy soil, the poor irrigation management (45% losses by deep percolation), leads to NO₃-N leaching during the crop season and to inefficient nitrogen use by the crop.  相似文献   

Assessing impacts of surge-flow irrigation on water saving and productivity of cotton   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.G. Horst  S.S. Shamutalov  J.M. Gonçalves  L.S. Pereira 《Agricultural Water Management》2007

To improve water saving and conservation in irrigated agriculture, a range of field evaluation experiments was carried out with various furrow irrigation treatments in cotton fields to estimate the possibilities of improving furrow irrigation performances under conditions of Central Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. The research consisted in comparing surge and continuous-flow in long furrows and adopting alternate-furrow irrigation. The best results were achieved with surge-flow irrigation applied to alternate furrows. Field data allowed the calibration of a surface irrigation model that was used to identify alternative management issues. Results identified the need to better adjust inflow rates to soil infiltration conditions, cut-off times to the soil water deficits and improving irrigation scheduling. The best irrigation water productivity (0.61 kg m⁻³) was achieved with surge-flow on alternate furrows, which reduced irrigation water use by 44% (390 mm) and led to high application efficiency, near 85%. Results demonstrated the possibility for applying deficit irrigation in this region.  相似文献   

Modelling the Impacts of Wildfire on Ash Thickness in a Short‐Term Period     

P. Pereira  A. Cerd  X. Úbeda  J. Mataix‐Solera  V. Arcenegui  L. M. Zavala 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(2):180-192

Ash can provide valuable soil protection. However, ash is also very mobile, and soil protection patterns can be quickly changed, favouring the protection of some areas and exposing others with implications for soil erosion. In this research, the effects of a high severity wildfire on ash thickness were studied, 1 and 15 days after the fire. For this evaluation, several interpolation methods were tested to identify the best spatial predictor of ash distribution. The results showed that 1 day after the fire, ash was thinner in high severity areas. Fifteen days after the fire, ash thickness decreased, and the spatial pattern changed. This implies that evaluation of fire severity based on ash thickness must take a place immediately after the fire because it is affected by (re)distribution. There was an increase in the spatial autocorrelation, and ash distribution corresponded to a specific spatial pattern, because of wind (re)distribution. One day after the fire, the most accurate predictor was Inverse to a Weight 3 (IDW3) that detected easily the small‐scale variability of ash thickness, and after 15 days, ordinary kriging identified a specific pattern of ash distribution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Identification of a major QTL in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) associated with resistance to witches' broom disease     

V. T. Queiroz    C. T. Guimarães    D. Anhert    I. Schuster    R. T. Daher    M. G. Pereira    V. R. M. Miranda    L. L. Loguercio    E. G. Barros  M. A. Moreira  G. Wricke 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(3):268-272

The witches’ broom disease caused by the fungus Crinipellis perniciosa is the main limiting factor for cocoa production in South America and the Caribbean. In Brazil, this disease affects almost all cocoa‐growing regions, causing serious economic, social and ecological damage. The aim of this study was to map genomic regions associated with resistance to C. perniciosa using an F₂ population derived from a cross between ‘Scavina‐6’(resistant) and ‘ICS‐1’(susceptible). The phenotypic index was determined as the average number of vegetative witches’ brooms per canopy area of each plant, the witches’ brooms were counted and eliminated during six field evaluations between May 1998 and August 1999. A total of 124 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 69 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were mapped along 25 linkage groups covering 1713 cM of cocoa genome. After employing single factor and composite interval mapping analyses, a major quantitative trait loci (QTL) flanked by the marker AV14.940 was identified in the linkage group 11, explaining almost 35% of the resistance to witches’ broom. The present result suggests that this QTL acts as a major dominant component of resistance to this pathogen, with great potential for use in marker‐assisted selection procedures in cocoa breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Venous hepatic segmentation in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris—L. 1758)     

Luciano de Morais-Pinto  Vítor Pires Pereira  Marina de Souza Vencato  Alzido de Oliveira  Maria Angelica Miglino 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(2):224-233

The external shape of the liver is varied and determines specific vascular arrangements. This morphological relationship is important to establish hepatic segmentation in different species submitted to surgeries that aim to preserve a larger area of liver parenchyma. After observing 60 livers injected with Neoprene Latex and three plastic moulds obtained by corrosion, eight hepatic venous segments were identified, drained by six hepatic veins agrouped into segmental veins, which drained one sector (segments I, VI, VII and VIII) and intersegmental veins, which drained more than one sector (segments II/III and IV/V). They were described as follows: left intersegmental vein, formed by a segmental vein from the papillary process (segment I), two to three lateral left segmental veins that drained the segment II, and one to five left paramedian segmental veins that drained the segment III; sagittal intersegmental vein, formed by the confluence between segmental vein of the quadrate lobe (segment IV) and the medial right paramedian segmental vein, which derived from the segment V; lateral right paramedian vein drained the dorsocranial sector of the segment VI; the lateral right segmental vein, formed by one to four vessels that drained segment VII, and the segmental vein of the caudate process, which drained the segment VIII. Understanding the number and disposition of the hepatic veins in lobate livers is essential to reduce bleeding risks in surgeries. The nomenclature based on segmentation analogy of non-lobate liver could be less confusing and, therefore, be more useful in the surgical approaches of lobate livers.  相似文献   

Anatomy of the dura mater venous sinus of Alouatta belzebul     

Dayane Kelly Sabec Pereira  Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo  Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves de Melo  Kleber Fernando Pereira  Valcinir Aloisio Scalla Vulcani 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(1):58-64

The anatomy of the dura mater's venous sinuses is important in the veterinary clinical and surgical area, for cranial procedures and interventions of wild animals, in addition to assisting in the management of neurological diseases, which can prevent serious complications. The macroscopic anatomy of the venous sinuses of the dura mater of Alouatta belzebul was studied. Five adult specimens, males and females, were dissected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. In the dura mater of the Alouatta belzebul, nine venous sinuses were observed, being them dorsal sagittal sinus, ventral sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, straight sinus, sigmoid sinus, temporal sinus, parietal sinus, basilar sinus and cavernous sinus, with morphological similarities in origin, path and destination of blood flow to the internal jugular vein, assisting in the venous drainage function of the brain in this species. These data are similar to those found in other species of non-human and human primates such as Saimiri sciureus, Sapajus libidinosus and Homo sapiens. Of the venous sinuses observed, the cavernous sinus was of considerable clinical and surgical importance in Alouatta belzebul due to its topographic arrangement next to the internal carotid artery and pituitary gland, data that corroborate Sapajus libidinosus, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta, Papio ursinus, Cercopithecus pygerithrus and Galago senegalensis. In this context, the knowledge of the macroscopic anatomy of the venous sinuses of the dura mater may contribute to the role of veterinarians in less invasive surgical procedures in non-human primates such as Alouatta belzebul and other mammals.  相似文献   

Metal Contamination of River Waters and Sediments from Effluents of Kaolin Processing in Brazil     

Jordão  C. P.  Pereira  M. G.  Pereira  J. L. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,140(1-4):119-138

In order to evaluate the metal contamination from kaolin industry discharges into rivers in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, samples of river water and fluvial sediment were collected up- and down-river from the industries and analysed todetect metal inputs. The metal examined included zinc, iron, andaluminium among others, being selected due to their toxicity andoccurence in waste waters. Metal inputs in the samples analysed appeared to be related to effluent discharges into the rivers. The river water showed high concentrations (in μg mL^-1) of Zn (355), Fe (354) and Al (303). Sediment investigations indicated heavy enrichment (SEF = 9.4) for Zn. The Geoaccumulation Index for this element accounted for 3 (moderately to heavy polluted). River water pH of the sample collected near the effluent discharge site reached 3.7, suggesting inadequate treatment.  相似文献   

Suberin structure in potato periderm: glycerol, long-chain monomers, and glyceryl and feruloyl dimers   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Graça J  Pereira H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(11):5476-5483

Suberin in extractive-free potato periderm amounts to approximately 25% determined by NaOCH(3) methanolysis. Monomeric composition is characterized by glycerol (20% of monomers), long-chain alpha, omega-diacids, omega-hydroxyacids, alkanoic acids, and alkan-1-ols, with predominance of octadec-9-enodioic acid and 18-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid (39 and 15% of long-chain monomers, respectively). Aromatic hydroxycinnamyl monomers were also present (<1%). Partial depolymerization of potato periderm suberin using a Ca(OH)(2)-catalyzed methanolysis solubilized approximately 10% of suberin aliphatics. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of monomers, dimers, and trimers (87, 12, and 1% of identified compounds, respectively). A total of 26 dimers were identified by EIMS: monoacylglyceryl esters of alpha,omega-diacids, omega-hydroxyacids, and alkanoic acids (with predominance of the 1- and 2-isomers of the monoacylglyceryl ester of the octadec-9-enodioic acid), as well as feruloyl esters of omega-hydroxyacids and alkan-1-ols and a small quantity of a monoferuloylglycerol. Following a discussion of suberin macromolecular structure, it is proposed that in suberized cell walls, the polyaliphatic polymers have a three-dimensional development ensured by glycerol and exist independently from the associated polyaromatics.  相似文献