Linking ecological condition and the soundscape in fragmented Australian forests   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

David Tucker  Stuart H. Gage  Ian Williamson  Susan Fuller 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(4):745-758

Natural landscapes are increasingly subjected to anthropogenic pressure and fragmentation resulting in reduced ecological condition. In this study we examined the relationship between ecological condition and the soundscape in fragmented forest remnants of south-east Queensland, Australia. The region is noted for its high biodiversity value and increased pressure associated with habitat fragmentation and urbanisation. Ten sites defined by a distinct open eucalypt forest community dominated by spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora ssp. variegata) were stratified based on patch size and patch connectivity. Each site underwent a series of detailed vegetation condition and landscape assessments, together with bird surveys and acoustic analysis using relative soundscape power. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the measurement of relative soundscape power reflects ecological condition and bird species richness, and is dependent on the extent of landscape fragmentation. We conclude that acoustic monitoring technologies provide a cost effective tool for measuring ecological condition, especially in conjunction with established field observations and recordings.  相似文献   

Reply to: Is drinking to thirst a prudent guideline to avoid hyponatremia?     

Brad L. Bennett  Tamara Hew-Butler  Martin D. Hoffman  Ian R. Rogers  Mitchell H. Rosner 《The Forestry Chronicle》2014,25(4):493-494

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Twenty-five essential research questions to inform the protection and restoration of freshwater biodiversity     

Meagan Harper  Hebah S. Mejbel  Dylan Longert  Robin Abell  T. Douglas Beard  Joseph R. Bennett  Stephanie M. Carlson  William Darwall  Anthony Dell  Sami Domisch  David Dudgeon  Jörg Freyhof  Ian Harrison  Kathy A. Hughes  Sonja C. Jähnig  Jonathan M. Jeschke  Richard Lansdown  Mark Lintermans  Abigail J. Lynch  Helen M. R. Meredith  Sanjay Molur  Julian D. Olden  Steve J. Ormerod  Harmony Patricio  Andrea J. Reid  Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber  Michele Thieme  David Tickner  Eren Turak  Olaf L. F. Weyl  Steven J. Cooke 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(9):2632-2653

1. Freshwater biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate. Freshwater conservationists and environmental managers have enough evidence to demonstrate that action must not be delayed but have insufficient evidence to identify those actions that will be most effective in reversing the current trend.
2. Here, the focus is on identifying essential research topics that, if addressed, will contribute directly to restoring freshwater biodiversity through supporting ‘bending the curve’ actions (i.e. those actions leading to the recovery of freshwater biodiversity, not simply deceleration of the current downward trend).
3. The global freshwater research and management community was asked to identify unanswered research questions that could address knowledge gaps and barriers associated with ‘bending the curve’ actions. The resulting list was refined into six themes and 25 questions.
4. Although context-dependent and potentially limited in global reach, six overarching themes were identified: (i) learning from successes and failures; (ii) improving current practices; (iii) balancing resource needs; (iv) rethinking built environments; (v) reforming policy and investments; and (vi) enabling transformative change.
5. Bold, efficient, science-based actions are necessary to reverse biodiversity loss. We believe that conservation actions will be most effective when supported by sound evidence, and that research and action must complement one another. These questions are intended to guide global freshwater researchers and conservation practitioners, identify key projects and signal research needs to funders and governments. Our questions can act as springboards for multidisciplinary and multisectoral collaborations that will improve the management and restoration of freshwater biodiversity.

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Growth, feed conversion efficiency and growth heterogeneity in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) reared at three different photoperiods     

Albert K Imsland  Atle Foss  Sigurd O Stefansson  Ian Mayer  Birgitta Norberg  Bjørn Roth  & Mads D Jenssen 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(11):1099-1106

Juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (initial weight (SD) 191.3 (±44.7)) g, were reared for 99 days at a constant temperature of 11°C and subjected to three different light regimes from 13 September to 21 December: continuous light (LD24:0), simulated natural photoperiod of Bergen (60°25′N, LDN) and constant 20 h light:4 h dark (LD20:4). The fish reared on the different photoperiod regimes differed in their growth patterns as juveniles exposed to long days, i.e. LD20:4 and LD24:0, exhibited faster growth than those experiencing a natural photoperiod. The LD20:4 group showed the highest average specific growth rate (0.72% body weight day^?1), whereas fish on LDN displayed the lowest average specific growth rate (0.60% body weight day^?1). The final mean weights of the LD20:4 and the LD24:0 groups were 15% and 12% higher than those of the LDN group. Dividing the duration of the experiment into three time periods shows that the LD20:4 and LD24:0 had a higher feed conversion efficiency (FCE) as compared with the LDN group during the first and the last period, while a reversed situation was observed in the second period. Our data indicate a larger variation in growth rates among individuals in the best‐performing groups (here LD20:4 and LD24:0). This may indicate that formation of size hierarchies is more pronounced in groups with more homogenous growth (here LDN). Overall, our findings indicate that extended light regimes result in faster growth and better feed conversion in juvenile Atlantic halibut. In line with findings on other flatfish species, this supports the concept that constant long day:short night or continuous light regimes should be used by the farmer in order to maximize growth and improve feed conversion in Atlantic halibut.  相似文献   

Primary sequence,tissue specificity and mRNA expression of the Na+,K+ -ATPase β1 subunit in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)     

Christopher P. Cutler  Ian L. Sanders  Neil Hazon  Gordon Cramb 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(5):423-429

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The impact of drought and rewetting on N2O emissions from soil in temperate and Mediterranean climates     

Harry A. Barrat  Jess Evans  David R. Chadwick  Ian M. Clark  Kate Le Cocq  Laura M. Cardenas 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(6):2504-2516

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Sequence analysis of 43-year old samples of Plantago lanceolata show that Plantain virus X is synonymous with Actinidia virus X and is widely distributed     

John Hammond  Ian P. Adams  Aimee R. Fowkes  Sam McGreig  Marleen Botermans  Joanieke J. A. van Oorspronk  Marcel Westenberg  Martin Verbeek  Annette M. Dullemans  Christina C. M. M. Stijger  Arnaud G. Blouin  Sebastien Massart  Kris De Jonghe  Maaike Heyneman  John A. Walsh  Adrian Fox 《Plant pathology》2021,70(2):249-258

Plantain virus X was first recognized by the ICTV as a species in the genus Potexvirus in 1982. However, because no sequence was available for plantain virus X (PlVX), abolishing the species was proposed to the Flexiviridae working group of the ICTV in 2015. This initiated efforts to sequence the original isolates from Plantago lanceolata samples. Here we report the full-genome sequencing of two original isolates of PlVX, which demonstrate that the virus is synonymous to Actinidia virus X, a species previously reported from kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum). PlVX was previously noted to be widespread in the UK in P. lanceolata. This report additionally presents novel data on the distribution and diversity of PlVX, collected at the same site as the original UK isolates, and from three independent surveys, two in the Netherlands and one in Belgium. This study also includes two new host records for PlVX, Browallia americana and Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper), indicating the virus is more widespread and infects a broader range of hosts than previously reported. This stresses the importance of surveys of noncultivated species to gain insight into viral distribution and host range. This study also demonstrates the value of generating sequence data for isolates retained in virus collections. Additionally, it demonstrates the potential value in prepublication data sharing for giving context to virus detections such as the four independent studies here which, when combined, give greater clarity to the identity, diversity, distribution, and host range of plantain virus X.  相似文献   

Bioprospecting Marine Plankton     

Heni Abida  Sandrine Ruchaud  Laurent Rios  Anne Humeau  Ian Probert  Colomban De Vargas  Stéphane Bach  Chris Bowler 《Marine drugs》2013,11(11):4594-4611

The ocean dominates the surface of our planet and plays a major role in regulating the biosphere. For example, the microscopic photosynthetic organisms living within provide 50% of the oxygen we breathe, and much of our food and mineral resources are extracted from the ocean. In a time of ecological crisis and major changes in our society, it is essential to turn our attention towards the sea to find additional solutions for a sustainable future. Remarkably, while we are overexploiting many marine resources, particularly the fisheries, the planktonic compartment composed of zooplankton, phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses, represents 95% of marine biomass and yet the extent of its diversity remains largely unknown and underexploited. Consequently, the potential of plankton as a bioresource for humanity is largely untapped. Due to their diverse evolutionary backgrounds, planktonic organisms offer immense opportunities: new resources for medicine, cosmetics and food, renewable energy, and long-term solutions to mitigate climate change. Research programs aiming to exploit culture collections of marine micro-organisms as well as to prospect the huge resources of marine planktonic biodiversity in the oceans are now underway, and several bioactive extracts and purified compounds have already been identified. This review will survey and assess the current state-of-the-art and will propose methodologies to better exploit the potential of marine plankton for drug discovery and for dermocosmetics.  相似文献   

Multimodal Management of Canine Osteoarthritis,Second Edition     

Ian R. Millward 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4)

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Mitochondrial DNA haplotype analysis of liver fluke in bison from Bialowieza Primaeval Forest indicates domestic cattle as the likely source of infection     

Stephen M. Walker  Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz  Monika Kozak  Halina Wedrychowicz  Denitsa Teofanova  Paulo Prodohl  Gerry Brennan  Ian Fairweather  Elizabeth M. Hoey  Alan Trudgett 《Veterinary parasitology》2013,191(1-2):161-164

We have determined the mitochondrial genotype of liver fluke present in Bison (Bison bonasus) from the herd maintained in the Bialowieza National Park in order to determine the origin of the infection. Our results demonstrated that the infrapopulations present in the bison were genetically diverse and were likely to have been derived from the population present in local cattle. From a consideration of the genetic structure of the liver fluke infrapopulations we conclude that the provision of hay at feeding stations may be implicated in the transmission of this parasite to the bison. This information may be of relevance to the successful management of the herd.  相似文献