Growth,feed utilization and liver histology of juvenile common sole (Solea solea L.) fed isoenergetic diets with increasing protein levels     

Pier Paolo Gatta  Luca Parma  Ilaria Guarniero  Luciana Mandrioli  Rubina Sirri  Ramon Fontanillas  Alessio Bonaldo 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(3):313-321

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of dietary protein levels on growth, feed utilization and liver histology in common sole. Four isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain four different crude protein levels: 39 (P39), 45 (P45), 51 (P51) and 57 (P57) % dry weight. Fifty animals per tank (initial weight 10.2 ± 0.4 g) were randomly distributed into twelve 500 litre square tanks (bottom surface: 5600 cm²) connected to a closed recirculation system. The diets were tested in triplicate for 84 days. At the end of the experiment, the final weight ranged from 19.6 (P39) to 25.4 g (P57). The specific growth rate showed statistical differences between groups, with the best results in the group fed diet P57 (1.07% day^?1). Significant differences between groups were also recorded for the feed conversion ratio, with values of 1.31, 1.28, 1.12 and 0.94 in P39, P45, P51 and P57 respectively. Gross lipid efficiency was also significantly affected by the dietary treatment, with the highest value (42.07%) found in P57. Ammonia excretion, expressed as g 100 g^?1 protein intake, was significantly lower for group P39 (2.46) than groups P51 (4.70) and P57 (4.75). Increased incidence of lipid droplets in hepatocytes was observed when the dietary protein levels increased and/or dietary lipid decreased.  相似文献   

Photodegradation of herbicide triasulfuron     

Alba Pusino  Ilaria Braschi  Salvatore Petretto  Carlo Gessa 《Pest management science》1999,55(4):479-481

Triasulfuron was degraded in aqueous solution by ultraviolet irradiation to yield 2-chloroethoxybenzene and (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)urea. The reaction followed first-order kinetics. In sunlight, the reaction was slower and afforded these two photoproducts together with 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methyltriazine and 2-(2-chloroethoxy)benzenesulfonamide. The latter compounds arise from hydrolytic cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge of triasulfuron because of the acidity of the reaction medium due to the loss of sulfur dioxide. A mechanism which accounts for the formation of the photoproducts is proposed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Tying up loose ends together: Cetaceans,maritime traffic and spatial management tools in the Strait of Gibraltar     

Alessia Scuderi  Ilaria Campana  Martina Gregorietti  Estefanía Martín Moreno  Javier García Sanabria  Antonella Arcangeli 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2024,34(1):e4066

Marine Biotechnology: Challenges and Development Market Trends for the Enhancement of Biotic Resources in Industrial Pharmaceutical and Food Applications. A Statistical Analysis of Scientific Literature and Business Models     

Sara Daniotti  Ilaria Re 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)

Biotechnology is an essential tool for the sustainable exploitation of marine resources, although the full development of their potential is complicated by a series of cognitive and technological limitations. Thanks to an innovative systematic approach that combines the meta-analysis of 620 articles produced worldwide with 29 high TRL (Technology Readiness Level) European funded projects, the study provides an assessment of the growth prospects of blue biotechnologies, with a focus on pharmaceutical and food applications, and the most promising technologies to overcome the main challenges in the commercialization of marine products. The results show a positive development trend, with publications more than doubled from 2010 (36) to 2019 (70). Biochemical and molecular characterization, with 150 studies, is the most widely used technology. However, the emerging technologies in basic research are omics technologies, pharmacological analysis and bioinformatics, which have doubled the number of publications in the last five years. On the other hand, technologies for optimizing the conditions of cultivation, harvesting and extraction are central to most business models with immediate commercial exploitation (65% of high-TRL selected projects), especially in food and nutraceutical applications. This research offers a starting point for future research to overcome all those obstacles that restrict the marketing of products derived from organisms.  相似文献   

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) provision with a pediatric helmet for treatment of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in dogs     

Gianila Ceccherini  Ilaria Lippi  Simonetta Citi  Francesca Perondi  Michela Pamapanini  Grazia Guidi  Angela Briganti 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(1):41-49

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Evaluation of the effects of hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) administration as a constant rate infusion on plasma colloid osmotic pressure in hypoabluminemic dogs     

Antonio Borrelli  Cristiana Maurella  Ilaria Lippi  Francesco Ingravalle  Angelica Botto  Alberto Tarducci  Barbara Bruno 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(5):550-557

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Comparison between dexmedetomidine and acepromazine in combination with methadone for premedication in brachycephalic dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome     

Ilaria Petruccione  Pamela J. Murison  Derek Flaherty  Adam Auckburally 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(3):305-313

ObjectiveTo compare dexmedetomidine with acepromazine for premedication combined with methadone in dogs undergoing brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) surgery.Study designRandomized, blinded clinical study.AnimalsA group of 40 dogs weighing mean (± standard deviation) 10.5 ± 6 kg, aged 2.6 ± 1.9 years.MethodsDogs received either acepromazine 20 μg kg^–1 (group A) or dexmedetomidine 2 μg kg^–1 (group D) intramuscularly with methadone 0.3 mg kg^–1. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Sedation (0–18), induction (0–6) and recovery (0–5) qualities were scored. Propofol dose, hypotension incidence, mechanical ventilation requirement, extubation time, additional sedation, oxygen supplementation, regurgitation and emergency intubation following premedication or during recovery were recorded. Data were analysed using t tests, Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square tests.ResultsGroup A dogs were less sedated [median (range): 1.5 (0–12)] than group D [5 (1–18)] (p = 0.021) and required more propofol [3.5 (1–7) versus 2.4 (1–8) mg kg^–1; p = 0.018]. Induction scores [group A: 5 (4–5); group D 5 (3–5)] (p = 0.989), recovery scores [group A 5 (4–5); group D 5(3–5)](p = 0.738) and anaesthesia duration [group A:93 (50–170); group D 96 (54–263) minutes] (p = 0.758) were similar between groups. Time to extubation was longer in group A 12.5 (3-35) versus group D 5.5 (0–15) minutes; (p = 0.005). During recovery, two dogs required emergency intubation (p > 0.99) and five dogs required additional sedation (p > 0.99). Oxygen supplementation was required in 16 and 12 dogs in group A and D, respectively (p = 0.167); no dogs in group A and one dog in group D regurgitated (p = 0.311).Conclusions and clinical relevanceDexmedetomidine 2 μg kg^–1 produces more sedation but similar recovery quality to acepromazine 20 μg kg^–1 combined with methadone in dogs undergoing BOAS surgery.  相似文献   

A distinct CDV genotype causing a major epidemic in Alpine wildlife     

Monne I  Fusaro A  Valastro V  Citterio C  Dalla Pozza M  Obber F  Trevisiol K  Cova M  De Benedictis P  Bregoli M  Capua I  Cattoli G 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,150(1-2):63-69

Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection represents an important conservation threat to many carnivore species and has contributed to the population decline of several wild terrestrial and aquatic mammalian species. Since 2006, the Alpine region of North-Eastern (NE) Italy has been experiencing a severe and widespread outbreak of CDV affecting the wild carnivore population. In this study we performed an extensive phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis of CDV identified during the recent wildlife epidemic in the Alpine region. Our analysis yielded data on the evolutionary dynamics of the Alpine wildlife CDV epidemic and revealed the emergence and spread of a single genetic cluster of CDV. The wide distribution of the novel cluster combined with the identification of a specific amino acid mutation, which is believed to increase the ability of the virus to replicate in a wider host range, raises concerns over the possible implications of the spread of this virus on the conservation of endangered wildlife species.  相似文献   

A novel P106L mutation in EPSPS and an unknown mechanism(s) act additively to confer resistance to glyphosate in a South African Lolium rigidum population     

Kaundun SS  Dale RP  Zelaya IA  Dinelli G  Marotti I  McIndoe E  Cairns A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(7):3227-3233

Glyphosate resistance evolution in weeds is a growing problem in world agriculture. Here, we have investigated the mechanism(s) of glyphosate resistance in a Lolium rigidum population (DAG1) from South Africa. Nucleotide sequencing revealed the existence of at least three EPSPS homologues in the L. rigidum genome and identified a novel proline 106 to leucine substitution (P106L) in 52% DAG1 individuals. This mutation conferred a 1.7-fold resistance increase to glyphosate at the whole plant level. Additionally, a 3.1-fold resistance increase, not linked to metabolism or translocation, was estimated between wild-type P106-DAG1 and P106-STDS sensitive plants. Point accepted mutation analysis suggested that other amino acid substitutions at EPSPS position 106 are likely to be found in nature besides the P106/S/A/T/L point mutations reported to date. This study highlights the importance of minor mechanisms acting additively to confer significant levels of resistance to commercial field rates of glyphosate in weed populations subjected to high selection pressure.  相似文献   

A novel strategy to select Bifidobacterium strains and prebiotics as natural growth promoters in newly weaned pigs     

Monica Modesto  M. Rosaria D'Aimmo  Ilaria Stefanini  Paolo Trevisi  Sara De Filippi  Luisa Casini  Maurizio Mazzoni  Paolo Bosi  Bruno Biavati   《Livestock Science》2009,122(2-3):248-258

The study addresses the first two weeks of piglet weaning and is aimed at i) identifying new probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium spp. and non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) able to increase the level of autochthonous bifidobacteria in the gut, and ii) finding the best probiotic doses, and probiotic-NDO combinations for piglet growth and gut health.Initially, on a total of 60 pigs we administered 12 strains of 4 bifidobacteria species taken from our collection of strains of different ecological origin. We found the most promising probiotic candidates to be two strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis (M 354 and Ra 18) and one strain of B. choerinum (Su 891), as these led to an increase in the number of viable bifidobacteria in the caecum. In a second trial, a different set of 64 piglets were fed a diet containing a galacto-oligosaccharide (1%) from milk whey, and two fructo-oligosaccharides (4%) from chicory inulin and sugar beet (SbFOS). There was virtually no effect on the hindgut microbiota, except for SbFOS at 4% which tended to increase the endogenous bifidobacteria. Then, in a third trial employing 128 weaning pigs, the probiotic strains Ra 18 and Su 891 were tested individually, at different doses (0; 10⁷; 10⁹; 10¹¹ per pig per day) and combined with 0% or 2% SbFOS supplementation. It was found that Ra 18 improved the live weight growth linearly, while the Su 891 did not. The FOS supplementation showed no interaction with the Ra 18 or Su 891 probiotics for growth performance and no effect on this response criterion.Our selection procedure has highlighted that B. animalis subsp. lactis Ra 18, at 10¹¹ CFU per pig per day, appears to be the best probiotic choice for improved growth performance in weaning piglets.  相似文献