Differential growth response of Curculigo orchioides to native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities varying in number and fungal components     

Deepika Sharma  Rupam Kapoor  A.K. Bhatnagar 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2009,45(4):328-333

The study reports diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species in the rhizosphere of an endangered anticancerous herb – Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. in its natural habitat. A total of 18 species of AMF, belonging to three genera (Acaulospora, Glomus and Gigaspora) were recorded, with Glomus microcarpum being the most abundant species type. The AMF species composition across the study sites appeared to be influenced by soil pH rather than soil P and vegetation. Acaulospora laevis spores were restricted to sites where the soil pH was acidic. The effectiveness of these native AMF species on growth performance of C. orchioides plants was compared under experimental conditions. In general, the mycorrhizal plants were superior in most of the evaluated parameters, but the extent to which the growth of mycorrhizal plants was influenced varied with the inocula used. The plants inoculated with mixed consortia containing maximum AMF species richness exhibited improved growth in comparison to consortia containing lower AMF diversity and monospecies cultures. The variable plant responses observed with any two consortia having same species richness in the present study could be due to variable component AMF species and their relative abundance. These results emphasize the need to protect the below-ground diversity of AMF and recommend their usage for restoration practices.  相似文献   

Oil expression from Jatropha seeds using a screw press expeller     

Rama Chandra Pradhan  Sabyasachi Mishra  Satya Narayan Naik  Naresh Bhatnagar  Virendra Kumar Vijay 《Biosystems Engineering》2011,109(2):158-166

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Evaluation of indices for identification of pearl millet cultivars adapted to stress and non-stress conditions     

O. P. Yadav  S. K. Bhatnagar 《Field Crops Research》2001,70(3):201-208

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is cultivated across a wide range of environments ranging from extremely stressful to favourable. The objective of this research was to compare methods to identify productive cultivars for stress and non-stress conditions. Thirty pearl millet cultivars were evaluated at 22 locations that were grouped as stress, non-stress, or intermediate environments. Five selection indices viz., arithmetic mean (AM), geometric mean (GM), AM (standard units), stress susceptibility index (S) and drought response index (DRI) were calculated for each genotype to determine correlation between selection indices and yield under stress (Y_S), non-stress (Y_NS), and average conditions (Y_AV). Both cultivars and locations were significant sources of variation. Phenology of cultivars had different influence on yielding ability in contrasting environments. While earliness was advantageous for stress conditions, cultivars with longer duration tended to yield more under non-stress conditions. Y_S was only moderately determined by Y_NS. Both AM and GM were suitable indices for selection of cultivars that would perform well across stress, non-stress, and intermediate environments. Stress susceptibility index (S) was negatively correlated with Y_S (r=−0.62^**) but should only be used as a selection criterion in combination with yield under stress (Y_S) to identify cultivars adapted to stress environments. DRI was positively correlated with Y_S but had no association with Y_NS. Results indicated that DRI might be useful for identifying cultivars with high performance under stress particularly when days to flower differ considerably among test entries.  相似文献   

Effect of tillage and residue management on properties of two coarse-textured soils and on yield of irrigated wheat and groundnut     

V.K. Bhatnagar  T.N. Chaudhary  B.R. Sharma 《Soil & Tillage Research》1983,3(1):27-37

Changes in soil properties and yield response in relation to tillage and residue management treatments in an irrigated groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)—wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) rotation on a sandy soil (1972–1974) and on a sandy loam soil (1974–1976) were evaluated. Tillage treatments (T₁ and T₂) did not cause significant changes in soil properties. Incorporation of crop residues (5 t residue per ha per crop, T₃) caused a substantial increase in organic C, available N, and NaHCO₃ -extractable P contents in the top 15 cm of both soils. Residue management treatments (T₃, T₄ and T₅) showed no significant effect on soil bulk density and exchangeable K. Crop yields under no-tillage (T₁) and conventional tillage (control, T₂) were comparable on sandy soil but on the sandy loam soil, no-tillage yielded significantly lower than conventional tillage. Compared with the control, incorporation of crop residues (T₃) caused higher yields on sandy soil for groundnut and wheat by 34.1 and 47.4%, respectively, and on sandy loam by 17.1 and 7.2%, respectively. Mulching with crop residues conserved soil moisture and reduced maximum soil temperature (1.5–5.3°C in groundnut and 1.5–2.9°C in wheat) but other measured soil properties were not significantly affected. Significant yield increase due to residue mulching (T₄) was observed in sandy soil but it was significantly less than when total crop residue was incorporated (T₃). Increased wheat root-weight density in the top 15 cm soil with residue mulching was not reflected in grain yield. Compared with the incorporation of the total amount of crop residue (T₃), incorporation of half the amount and application of the other half as mulch (T₅) caused lower yields — on sandy soil for groundnut and wheat by 31.5 and 15.7%, respectively, and on sandy loam by 4.8 and 3.6%, respectively.  相似文献   

Effects of clarified neem oil on growth and aflatoxin B1 formation in submerged and plate cultures of aflatoxigenicAspergillus spp.     

Hampden J. Zeringue  Betty Y. Shih  Deepak Bhatnagar 《Phytoparasitica》2001,29(4):361-366

An increase of 11–31% of dry mycelial mass was observed along with a slight decrease (5–10%) in aflatoxin Bi production in 5-day-old aflatoxigenicAspergillus spp. submerged cultures containing either 0.5 ml or 1.0 ml clarified neem oil (CNO) in 0.1 % Triton solution. Fungal growth and aflatoxin B₁ production were also determined in potato-dextrose-agar petri plate cultures inoculated with aflatoxigenicAspergillus spp. containing an atmosphere of volatiles emitted from 0.25 ml, 0.5 ml, and 1.0 ml CNO added to the plates. After 5 days’ incubation, fungal radial growth was reduced by 7–29% and aflatoxin B₁ production by 0–67%. GC/MS analysis of the head space volatiles of the CNO indicated that the reduction of fungal growth and aflatoxin B₁ was probably due to low molecular weight hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, and sulfur compounds emitted at 30°C in the dry culture. These results suggest that volatiles emitted from CNO at 30° C in plate cultures were more fungistatic and consequently inhibited aflatoxin production more than neem oil added in liquid cultures.  相似文献   

Ultrastructural alterations of the myocardium of rats fed rapeseed oils.     

M K Bhatnagar  S Yamashiro 《Research in veterinary science》1979,26(2):183-188

Ultrastructural studies were conducted on the myocardium of rats fed corn oil, Tower RSO (0 . 88 per cent EA), 1788 RSO (3 . 6 per cent EA) and Target RSO (38 . 9 per cent EA) supplemented diets for 18 weeks. Cardiac myocytes of Tower RSO-fed rats showed some loosening of myofibrils and a slight increase in the number of mitochondria, few of which had lost their cristae. Large intravascular lipid droplets were observed in the myocardium of rats fed the 1788 RSO diet, as well as some small lipid droplets which were seen in close association with mitochondria. There was an apparent increase in the number of mitochondria of both normal and giant size. Many of the mitochondria exhibited distortion of shape and degeneration of cristae. The matrix of megamitochondria contained vesicles and electron-dense floccular inclusions and at times electron-lucent lipid-like material. The degenerative changes of mitochondria were most pronounced in the Target RSO group, where some megamitochondria showed a complete loss of cristae and a replacement of matrix with lipid-like material. These observations suggest that both intravascular lipid globules and the mitochondrial alterations are possible contributory factors involved in the development of cardiac lesions in RSO-fed rats.  相似文献   

Loss of body weight in relation to rise in body temperature in goats     

K L Sapra  V K Bhatnagar  M L Kalia 《The Indian veterinary journal》1969,46(8):668-674

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Surgical endodontics of the maxillary canine tooth     

Luskin IR  Smith MM 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2004,21(1):53-58

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East Java Propolis Inhibits Cytokine Pro-inflammatory in Odontoblast-Like Cells Human Pulp     

Ira Widjiastuti  Tamara Yuanita  James Hutagalung  Mandojo Rukmo  Indri Safitri 《农业科学与技术》2014,(1):27-32

Inflammation in pulp tissue is caused by caries bacteria. Most bacteria found are Lactobacillus acidophilus. Propolis is a sticky resin material that is derived from the bees and the surrounding plants, which are reported to have several biological effects including anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory. This study will prove the effectiveness of propolis against proinflammatory cytokines on odontoblast-like cells in human dental pulp. This study was performed on cultured odontoblast-like cells in pulp. Cell culture was derived from the pulp tissue of human M3 teeth that had been extracted. Odontoblast pulp culture was divided in three groups： group one, cultured cells with propolis; group two, cultured cells induced with inactive Lactobacillus acidophilus; group three, cultured cells induced with inactive Lactobacillus acidophilus and exposed to 3 μg/mL propolis. A measurement of TNF-α and TGF-β1 expression was done using the immunocytochemical technique to determine the effectiveness of propolis extracts from East Java Indonesia against proinfalmmatory cytokines. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance （ANOVA） test （P = 0.05）. Propolis extract can inhibit the expression of TNF-α and increase the expression of TGF-β1 on odontoblast-like cell in human dental pulp. Anti-inflammatory effects of East Java propolis extract are associated with cytokine modulation.  相似文献   

Retrospective. Ralph M. Steinman (1943-2011)     

Mellman I  Nussenzweig M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6055):466

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