Effects of dietary arginine on hematological parameters and innate immune function of channel catfish     

Buentello JA  Reyes-Becerril M  Romero-Geraldo Mde J  Ascencio-Valle Fde J 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2007,19(3):195-203

The effects of elevated dietary arginine on the hematology and immune function of juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were evaluated by means of in vivo and in vitro experiments. Healthy juvenile channel catfish (average weight, 34.8 g) were fed casein-gelatin-based diets containing 28% crude protein and supplemented with crystalline L-arginine (ARG) at 0.5, 1, 2, or 4% of diet. An intact-protein diet containing 1.3% arginine also was included to investigate the effects of amino acid form (crystalline-free amino acids versus intact protein). Each purified diet was fed to apparent satiation to triplicate groups of fish for 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental feeding period, the fish were injected intraperitoneally with two doses (3 d apart) of 2 mg lipopolysaccharide/kg body weight. Six days after the initial injection, the fish were anesthetized and tissue samples were obtained to evaluate hematological and humoral and cellular immune parameters, including phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), blood cell counts, plasma protein, and hepatic superoxide dismutase activity. High dietary levels (4% ARG) resulted in significantly higher levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and circulating erythrocytes. Dietary ARG did not significantly affect MCV and the number of circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes. In vitro, a moderate level (2 mM) of ARG in the culture media was found to be ideal in significantly enhancing phagocytosis. This study demonstrates that some aspects of the immune system of channel catfish are sensitive to changes in dietary ARG.  相似文献   

High feeding and growth rates in common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) fed formulated feeds with an improved amino acid profile and mixture of binders          下载免费PDF全文

Jesús Cerezo Valverde  Benjamín García García 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3308-3319

Four semi‐moist formulated feeds were supplied to Octopus vulgaris subadults (664 ± 70 g; 18.4 ± 0.7°C) in two different experiments. In the experiment #1, two diets were prepared with a new mixture of binders (gelatine 150 g kg^?1, starch 100 g kg^?1 and gum 50 g kg^?1). The GEL15‐Squid and GEL15‐Hake feeds included 100 g kg^?1 freeze‐dried squid (Todarodes sagittatus) or hake (Merluccius sp.) respectively. Both feeds showed low water disintegration rates at 24 h (13.6–15.0% dry weight). The specific feeding rate was higher in animals fed GEL15‐Hake (2.7%BW day^?1), but the growth and feed efficiency were significantly better in animals fed GEL15‐Squid (1.4%BW day^?1 and 61.2% respectively; P < 0.05). The proximate composition of the digestive gland, carcass and whole animals was similar. In the experiment #2, the GEL15‐Squid amino acid profile was improved by replacing 50 g kg^?1 gelatine by 50 g kg^?1 freeze‐dried squid (GEL10‐Squid) or freeze‐dried fish (GEL10‐Fish). These feeds showed higher water disintegration rates (31.7–36.3% dry weight). The feeding rates (2.2–2.3%BW day^?1), growth (1.5%BW day^?1) and feed efficiency were similar for both diets. Total lipids were higher in the digestive gland and whole animals fed GEL10‐Fish diet (P < 0.05). Future effort could be directed towards alternative binders that allow improve amino acid balance with a minimum gelatine content or even supplementation trials including essential amino acids.  相似文献   

Effect of trawling with traditional and ‘T90’ trawl codends on fish size and on different quality parameters of cod <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gadus morhua</Emphasis> and haddock <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melanogrammus aeglefinus</Emphasis>     

Hanne Digre  Ulrik Jes Hansen  Ulf Erikson 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(4):549-559

The effect of trawling on fish size and on different quality parameters of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) was evaluated after conducting 16 valid hauls using two trawls in a double rig fitted with a traditional and a novel ‘T90’ codend, respectively. The total catch volume during the fishing period was 47.6 metric tons, with an average catch per codend of 1.5 (range 0.5–2.9) tons. The mean haul duration was 5 h. The catch was assessed according to fish size, mortality, external damage, initial white muscle pH and development of rigor mortis. Fillet quality (colour, blood spots, gaping) was assessed after 1 week of freeze-storage. Our results showed there was no difference between the two types of nets in terms of catch volume, but significantly slightly bigger fish were caught with T90 than with the traditional trawl net (p < 0.05). Haddock caught with the traditional trawl net had more external injuries related to the trawl gear than haddock caught with the T90 gear (p < 0.05). The gaping frequency for cod caught with the traditional trawl net tended to be higher than cod caught with the T90 gear, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.07). No other differences in fish quality between fish caught in the trawl nets were observed.  相似文献   

Alterations in the brain monoaminergic neurotransmitters of rainbow trout related to naphthalene exposure at the beginning of vitellogenesis     

Gesto M  Tintos A  Alvarez R  Soengas JL  Míguez JM 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(3):453-465

The contents of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5HT), and some related metabolites were studied in different brain regions of rainbow trout at two different stages of sexual maturation (at the beginning of vitellogenesis), after naphthalene (NAP) administration. The effects of NAP varied according to duration of exposure, brain region and vitellogenesis stage of the trout, and were more significant during previtellogenesis. The changes observed in DA metabolism were generally stimulatory after exposure for 3 h, and either stimulatory or inhibitory (depending on the brain regions) after exposure for 3 days to NAP. NA levels were altered by NAP in various brain regions, but only during previtellogenesis. With respect to 5HT, treatment with NAP reduced levels of the amine and/or its main metabolite in most of the brain regions studied, particularly 3 h after treatment. The results suggest that NAP might interfere with the processes regulating brain monoamine metabolism, either locally or indirectly by altering steroid feedback to brain centres, and thus disrupt endocrine control of reproductive development through the brain–pituitary axis.  相似文献   

Controlling Properties and Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Nanocapsules by Chemical Grafting     

Laura De Matteis  Maria Alleva  Inés Serrano-Sevilla  Sonia García-Embid  Grazyna Stepien  María Moros  Jesús M. de la Fuente 《Marine drugs》2016,14(10)

The tunability of the properties of chitosan-based carriers opens new ways for the application of drugs with low water-stability or high adverse effects. In this work, the combination of a nanoemulsion with a chitosan hydrogel coating and the following poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafting is proven to be a promising strategy to obtain a flexible and versatile nanocarrier with an improved stability. Thanks to chitosan amino groups, a new easy and reproducible method to obtain nanocapsule grafting with PEG has been developed in this work, allowing a very good control and tunability of the properties of nanocapsule surface. Two different PEG densities of coverage are studied and the nanocapsule systems obtained are characterized at all steps of the optimization in terms of diameter, Z potential and surface charge (amino group analysis). Results obtained are compatible with a conformation of PEG molecules laying adsorbed on nanoparticle surface after covalent linking through their amino terminal moiety. An improvement in nanocapsule stability in physiological medium is observed with the highest PEG coverage density obtained. Cytotoxicity tests also demonstrate that grafting with PEG is an effective strategy to modulate the cytotoxicity of developed nanocapsules. Such results indicate the suitability of chitosan as protective coating for future studies oriented toward drug delivery.  相似文献   

Effect of sublethal α-cypermethrin exposure on main macromolecules concentration,energy content,and malondialdehyde concentration in free-feeding <Emphasis Type="Italic">Danio rerio</Emphasis> larvae     

Jesús Rodríguez-Estrada  Alma Socorro Sobrino-Figueroa  Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(3):859-868

α-Cypermethrin (Cyp) is a synthetic insecticide used to control pests in agricultural crops and to protect human health against noxious insects; this toxic can reach aquatic systems through ground infiltration or by runoff and could affect the aquatic biota. The present study was aimed at evaluating the acute toxicity of Cyp on zebrafish (Danio rerio) exogenous feeding larvae of 10 and 20 days post-fertilization (dpf), and of sublethal concentrations on only 10-dpf larvae. Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, glycogen concentration, and total energy contents, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) quantification, through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, as a lipid peroxidation biomarker, were assessed in free-feeding larvae exposed to sublethal Cyp concentrations. The LC₅₀ for 10-dpf larvae was 1.94 µg L^?1, and these were more sensitive than 20-dpf larvae (3.56 µg L^?1). The amount of protein, carbohydrates, and glycogen were not significantly affected (p > 0.05), but sublethal Cyp concentrations exposure caused decrement in lipids from 9.05 to 3.74 µg larva^?1, as well as a reduction in MDA and in the total energy content, which affected significantly the development of this fish. Although Cyp is considered an insecticide of reduced residual effect in the environment, the present study revealed that relatively low Cyp concentrations produced significant toxic effects on exogenous feeding fish larvae, a situation that could contribute to increase deaths during this already critical developmental stage in which high mortality is observed frequently.  相似文献   

4‐Phenylphenalenones as a template for new photodynamic compounds against Mycosphaerella fijiensis          下载免费PDF全文

William Hidalgo  Marisol Cano  Manuela Arbelaez  Edwin Zarrazola  Jesús Gil  Bernd Schneider  Felipe Otálvaro 《Pest management science》2016,72(4):796-800

  相似文献   

Effect of using autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial‐based‐systems for the pre‐grown of Litopenaeus vannamei,on the production performance and selected haemolymph parameters     

Manuel de Jesús Becerra‐Dorame  Luis Rafael Martinez‐Cordova  Marcel Martínez‐Porchas  Jorge Hernández‐López  José Antonio López–Elías  Fernando Mendoza–Cano 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(5):944-948

  相似文献   

Changes in xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTHs) expression and XET activity during apple fruit infection by Penicillium expansum Link. A     

Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu  Ester P. Lorences 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(2):273-282

Although the plant cell wall is an extremely effective physical barrier against attack by pathogens, most phytopathogenic microorganisms produce enzymes that are capable of degrading cell wall polymers such as pectin and hemicelluloses. In this work we investigate the possible implication of the cell wall enzyme XET in the host-pathogen interaction as well as the XTH gene regulation during apple fruit infection by Penicillium expansum Link. A. We characterized the time course of fungal infection in apple fruit, and the XET activity and the expression of eleven MdXTHs. The results showed an important decrease in XET specific activity in the fruits after 24, 48 and 72 h of fruit infection (42.9 %, 73.1 % and 95.1 % respectively as compared with the controls). The expression analysis of the MdXTHs showed an important decrease in expression, as the infection progressed, in MdXTH2 and MdXTH10, as well as in MdXTH3, MdXTH4 and MdXTH5, but mainly after 72 h of fruit infection; and in MdXTH1, and MdXTH9 after 24 and 48 h of infection. These results suggested that the decrease in XET activity during infection could be mainly attributed to the decrease in expression of MdXTH2 and MdXTH10, since those were the MdXTHs that showed the highest expression levels during ripening, particularly MdXTH10. These results support the suggestion that inhibition of MdXTHs expression, and consequently the decrease in XET specific activity, could represent a pathogenicity factor, since the potential reconstructing role of the enzyme also decreased and the infection could progress.  相似文献   

Changes in plasma hormone levels following lipopolysaccharide injection in rabbits     

Marca MC  Gómez-Quintero A  Viñuales C  Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,180(2):213-220

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin comprising part of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. It is able to induce a septic state and the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines that are known to be responsible for hormonal changes in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone and cortisol levels in a rabbit model in which sepsis was induced by the intravenous administration of LPS. The possible involvement of several protein kinases, namely protein kinase A (PKA), C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and proteasome was also assessed. The results indicated that LPS induced significant increases in plasma ACTH, corticosterone and cortisol concentrations in rabbits. Moreover, protein kinases and proteasome seemed to mediate the hormone response to LPS as treatment with specific inhibitors prior to LPS administration was able to reduce, delay, or, in some cases, inhibit the hormone increases. The findings may help to construct strategies to protect and treat animals with endotoxaemia.  相似文献