分区交替水分胁迫对草乌光合特性的影响     

李洁  姚延梼  周春娥  梁志英  苗青 《林业科学》2012,48(6):72-79

应用田间根系分区供水方法,研究根系分区交替水分胁迫(APRD)、固定单侧水分胁迫(FPRD)与对照两侧同时供水(BPRI)对2年生草乌光合特性的影响。结果表明:1)各水分条件下,叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)随着周期的进行逐渐减小,后期随着处理水分亏缺的加重,峰值减小,峰出现时间前移;2)APRD处理下,草乌通过维持相对较低的气孔导度(Gs),在Tr降低30%的前提下,Pn比对照BPRI与FPRD处理分别提高4.16%,37.43%,反映出APRD处理对气孔的优化调节;3)各水分条件下,草乌的水分利用效率(WUE)日变化均呈双峰曲线,APRD处理可显著提高草乌的WUE,分别比对照BPRI和FPRD处理提高20.39%和10.53%,对草乌在干旱地区栽培意义重大;4)各水分条件下草乌的光合-光响应曲线变化趋势基本一致,表观量子效率(AQY)差异不显著,光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)协同变化表明APRD处理在一定程度上增强了草乌对光环境的适应能力;最大净光合速率(Pmax)表现为APRD处理下最高,FPRD处理略低于对照BPRI;APRD处理下,草乌叶片暗呼吸速率(Rd)最低,有利于干物质积累。根系分区交替水分胁迫通过供水调控挖掘了草乌本身的生物学节水潜力。  相似文献   

基于非空间结构的浙江省毛竹林固碳潜力   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘恩斌  施拥军  李永夫  周国模 《林业科学》2012,48(11):9-14

在毛竹单株生物量模型及其林分特征的基础上,构建基于非空间结构的毛竹林固碳潜力模型,并阐述模型的生物学意义;应用Matlab提供的Linprog函数与Solve函数,对所建模型在满足约束条件下进行优化求解,结果表明,当1度竹、2度竹、3度竹和≥4度竹占毛竹样地总株数的百分比均为0.25,毛竹林分立竹度为4363株·hm-2,平均胸径为12.1691cm时,毛竹林碳储量达到最大,其值为42220.2149kg·hm-2;根据优化结果与2004年浙江省毛竹林结构现状,提出增加毛竹林固碳量的一些措施。  相似文献   

Inheritance and detoxification enzyme levels in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tetranychus urticae</Emphasis> Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) strain selected with chlorpyrifos     

Recep Ay  Sibel Yorulmaz 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(2):85-93

Changes in insecticide susceptibilities and detoxifying enzyme activities were measured in a strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch following repeated exposure to the organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos. Twelve consecutive selection at the LC₆₀ of the parental strain increased resistance from 8.58 to 91.45 fold. The interaction of some synergists [piperonyl butoxide, triphenyl phosphate and S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP)] with chlorpyrifos was analyzed in the selected strain. Solely IBP showed a low synergistic effect with chlorpyrifos. The selected strain also demonstrated resistance against abamectin, propargite, clofentezine and fenpyroximate. The mode of resistance inheritance to chlorpyrifos was found to be incompletely dominant, and not sex-linked. Non-specific esterase enzyme activity was raised from 19.35 to 33.59 mOD/min/mg proteins during the selection period and it was observed that esterase band intensities visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis increased. This study has investigated the selection of resistance to chlorpyrifos and documented resistance to abamectin, propargite, clofentezine and fenpyroximate in Turkish T. urticae. Esterase enzymes may be playing a role in chlorpyrifos resistance while glutathione S-transferase (GST) and P450 enzymes do not appear to have any significant involvement.  相似文献   

Positive nitrogen balance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia mangium</Emphasis> woodlots as fallows in the Philippines based on <Superscript>15</Superscript>N natural abundance data of N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation     

Augustin R. MercadoJr.  Meine Van Noordwijk  Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,81(3):221-233

Nitrogen inputs from biological nitrogen fixation contribute to productivity and sustainability of agroforestry systems but they need to be able to offset export of N when trees are harvested. This study assessed magnitudes of biological nitrogen fixation (natural ¹⁵N abundance) and N balance of Acacia mangium woodlots grown in farmer’s fields, and determined if N₂ fixation capacity was affected by tree age. Tree biomass, standing litter, understory vegetation and soil samplings were conducted in 15 farmer’s fields growing A. mangium as a form of sequential agroforestry in Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. The trees corresponded to ages of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years, and were replicated three times. Samples from different plant parts and soils (0–100 cm) were collected and analyzed for δ¹⁵N and nutrients. The B-value, needed as a reference of isotopic discrimination when fully reliant on atmospheric N, was generated by growing A. mangium in an N₂-free sand culture in the glasshouse. Isotopic discrimination occurring during N₂ fixation and metabolic processes indicated variation of δ¹⁵N values in the order of nodules > old leaves > young leaves > stems > litterfall and roots of the trees grown in the field, with values ranging from −0.8 to 3.5‰ except nodules which were enriched and significantly different from other plant parts (P < 0.0001). Isotopic discrimination was not affected by tree age (P > 0.05). Plants grown in N free sand culture exhibited the same pattern of isotopic discrimination as plants grown in the field. The estimated B-value for the whole plant of A. mangium was −0.86‰. Mature tree stands of 12 years accumulated up to 1994 kg N ha⁻¹ in aboveground biomass. Average proportion of N derived from N₂ fixation of A. mangium was 54% (±22) and was not affected by age (P > 0.05). Average yearly quantities of N₂ fixed were 128 kg N ha⁻¹ in above-ground biomass amounting to 1208 kg N fixed ha⁻¹ over 12 years. Harvest of 12-year old trees removed approximately 91% of standing aboveground biomass from the site as timber and fuel wood. The resulting net N balance was +151 kg N ha⁻¹ derived from remaining leaves, twigs, standing litter, and +562 kg N ha⁻¹ when tree roots were included in the calculation. The fast growing A. mangium appears to be a viable fallow option for managing N in these systems. However, other nutrients have to be replaced by using part of the timber and fuel wood sales to compensate for large amounts of nutrient removed in order for the system to be sustainable.  相似文献   

Achieving food and nutritional security through agroforestry: a case of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Faidherbia albida</Emphasis> in sub-Saharan Africa     

Neo C. MOKGOLODI  Moffat P. SETSHOGO 《中国林学(英文版)》2011,13(2):123-131

Faidherbia albida is an ideal agroforestry tree commonly intercropped with annual crops like millet and groundnuts in the dry and densely populated areas of Africa. With its peculiar reverse phenology, it makes growth demands at a different time from that of crops. In addition, it deposits great amount of organic fertilizer on food crops. Leaves entering soils are comparable to fertilization of almost 50 t·ha 1 ·year 1 of manure in dense stands of 50 large trees per ha. These nutrients help maximize agricultural production and reduce the need for a fallow period on poorer soils. Research has shown that millet grown under F. albida yielded 2.5 and 3.4 fold increases in grain and protein, respectively. Animals eat pods which contain mean amounts of crude protein of 20.63% and carbohydrate of 40.1% in seeds. Moreover, the continued existence of F. albida in agroforestry parklands as in Ethiopia and Mali signifies the success of traditional conservation measures. Modern scientists have also developed much interest in the role of agroforestry in maintaining long-term biological balance between agriculture and livestock production systems. To ensure food security, which still remains a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, and concurrently minimize environmental degradation, promotion of agroforestry that specifically involves indigenous trees is crucial. We discuss the prospective role of F. albida in alleviating poverty while simultaneously protecting the environment from factors associated with, for example, deforestation and loss of biodiversity. The overall aim is to promote wide-scale adoption of F. albida as a valuable tree crop in farming systems, particularly in those areas where it remains unexploited.  相似文献   

Evaluating the durability of wood-based panels using internal bond strength results from accelerated aging treatments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoichi Kojima  Shigehiko Suzuki 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(1):7-13

In this study, the durability of wood-based panels was evaluated by comparing the internal bond (IB) strength retention after five different laboratory-based accelerated aging tests with the IB retention after 5 years of outdoor exposure in Shizuoka City. In each accelerated aging test, the IB retention of MDI-bonded panels showed high retention compared to other panels. Outdoor exposure in Shizuoka City resulted in an IB retention value for particleboard (PF) and oriented strandboard (aspen) of less than 10% after the 5-year exposure period. Medium-density fiberboards maintained their initial IB strength over the same period. Calculation of the mean IB retention for all board types allowed comparison of the severity of aging between the accelerated test methods and outdoor exposure. The ASTM six-cycle test method was the most severe among the standard treatment cycles applied.  相似文献   

晴天和阴天对刺槐光合生理特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑元  赵忠  周慧  周靖靖 《林业科学》2011,47(5)

以渭北地区刺槐为研究对象,采用LI-6400便携式光合作用系统,于2009年6月和8月分别在晴天和阴天条件下,测定刺槐光合作用的日进程及光合光响应曲线.结果表明:无论在6月还是8月,晴天刺槐的净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Ga)在10:00以前高于阴天,而在午间12:00和14:00低于阴天.刺槐的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、空气CO2浓度(Ca)、空气相对湿度(RH)、光能利用率(LUE)在晴天的绝大多数时间显著低于阴天,而蒸腾速率(Tr)、水汽压亏缺(VPD)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、空气温度(Ta)在晴天的全天都显著高于阴天.在晴天条件下,虽然刺槐的Ga,Ci,Ca,RH,LUE的日均值比阴天低,但Pn,Tr,VPD,PAR,Ta的日均值比阴天高,从而能够积累更多的日均光合固碳量.在阴天条件下,刺槐的最大光合速率(Pmax)高于晴天,且暗呼吸速率(Rd)和光补偿点(LCP)显著低于晴天,表现出很强的光合适应能力.  相似文献   

牡丹PsAP2基因的克隆及表达     

任磊  王雁  周琳  彭镇华 《林业科学》2011,47(9)

以牡丹品种‘赵粉’为试材,采用RT-PCR和RACE方法从花瓣中获得1个牡丹APETALA2基因cDNA全长,命名为PsAP2,GenBank登录号为HM167511。序列分析结果表明:PsAP2全长2138bp,包含47bp的5'非编码区、557bp的3'非编码区和1个长度为1533bp编码510个氨基酸的开放阅读框。氨基酸序列分析显示该基因属于AP2家族。序列比对和系统进化分析表明,PsAP2与葡萄的亲缘关系最近,相似性达70%以上。相对荧光定量PCR分析表明,PsAP2在根、茎、叶和四轮花器官中均有表达。花瓣中的表达量最高,叶片中表达量最低。  相似文献   

在ERDASIMAGINE中建立邯郸市TM影像土地类型解译标志     

周金艳 《绿色大世界》2011,(6):213-216

为了准确地了解邯郸市的土地利用类型,掌握土地资源的发展动态,在ERDASIMAGINE软件支持下,将Landsat 5号卫星所得的TM4、3、2波段数据组合输出成为标准假彩色影像,对其进行几何校正、重采样、图像裁剪与镶嵌等操作,依据遥感图像特征、地物相关关系、区域特点和全国土地利用分类系统,对处理后所得的邯郸市TM影像建立土地类型解译标志。经过实地验证,其结果判正率比较高,可以满足解译精度的要求,这说明利用遥感技术建立土地利用类型解译标志是可行的。  相似文献   

湖北省太子山森林资源动态分析     

刘小宇  孙林山  周欢  林虎  韩琴  罗新 《湖北林业科技》2015,44(2):5-8,88

利用湖北省太子山林管局1999年和2009年2期的森林资源二类清查及2006年调查数据资料,对10年来各类土地面积结构、森林资源结构(林龄结构和林种结构)和森林资源质量进行动态分析。结果表明:太子山林管局森林总面积、有林地面积和苗圃地面积增加,其他类型土地面积减小;幼龄林面积增加,中龄林和近熟林面积减少,且近熟林比重很小,林龄结构不尽合理;用材林比重下降,生态公益林面积增加;森林资源质量缓慢提升,高于湖北省平均水平,但仍低于全国平均水平。并从动态变化的结果提出相应的经营对策,以期调整林业结构,实现林业的可持续发展。  相似文献