Calicophoron daubneyi (Paramphistomidae) in slaughtered cattle in Castilla y León (Spain)     

M. Carmen Ferreras  Camino González-Lanza  Valentín Pérez  Miguel Fuertes  Julio Benavides  Mercedes Mezo  Marta González-Warleta  Javier Giráldez  Ana María Martínez-Ibeas  Laetitia Delgado  Miguel Fernández  M. Yolanda Manga-González 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):268-271

The prevalence and aetiology of natural paramphistomosis was investigated in cattle slaughtered in the Castilla y León region (Spain) over a 3 year-period. The overall prevalence of positive animals was 6.20%. The parasite burden per animal ranged from 8 to 8005 (median = 144) and the ruminal atrium had the highest parasite burden whereas the ruminal dorsal sac the lowest. The prevalence and parasite burden increased with age while these parameters were lower in cattle under intensive management. Calicophoron daubneyi was the only Paramphistomidae species identified using morphoanatomical, histological and molecular methods in the studied animals.  相似文献   

Affinity purification of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides using immobilized ACE   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Megías C  Pedroche J  Yust Mdel M  Alaiz M  Girón-Calle J  Millan F  Vioque J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(19):7120-7124

A lung extract rich in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and pure ACE were immobilized by reaction with the activated support 4 BCL glyoxyl-agarose. These immobilized ACE derivatives were used for purification of ACE inhibitory peptides by affinity chromatography. The immobilized lung extract was used to purify inhibitory peptides from sunflower and rapeseed protein hydrolysates that had been obtained by treatment of protein isolates with alcalase. The ACE binding peptides that were retained by the derivatives were specifically released by treatment with the ACE inhibitor captopril and further purified by reverse-phase C18 HPLC chromatography. Inhibitory peptides with IC50 50 and 150 times lower than those of the original sunflower and rapeseed hydrolysates, respectively, were obtained. The derivative prepared using pure ACE was used for purification of ACE inhibitory peptides from the same type of sunflower protein hydrolysate. ACE binding peptides were released from the ACE-agarose derivatives by treatment with 1 M NaCl and had an IC50 a little higher than those obtained using immobilized extract and elution with captopril. Affinity chromatography facilitated the purification of ACE inhibitory peptides and potentially other bioactive peptides present in food proteins.  相似文献   

Quantitative structure-activity relationship of rubiscolin analogues as delta opioid peptides using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA)     

Caballero J  Saavedra M  Fernández M  González-Nilo FD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(20):8101-8104

Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were carried out on a series of 38 rubiscolins as delta opioid peptides using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). Quantitative information on structure-activity relationships is provided for further rational development and direction of selective synthesis. All models were carried out over a training set including 30 peptides. The best CoMFA model included electrostatic and steric fields and had a moderate Q (2) = 0.503. CoMSIA analysis surpassed the CoMFA results: the best CoMSIA model included only the hydrophobic field and had a Q (2) = 0.661. In addition, this model predicted adequately the peptides contained in the test set. Our model identified that the potency of delta opioid activity of rubiscolin analogues essentially exhibited a significant relationship with local hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics of amino acids at positions 3, 4, 5, and 6.  相似文献   

Long-term monitoring of tropical bats for anthropogenic impact assessment: Gauging the statistical power to detect population change     

Christoph F.J. Meyer  Ludmilla M.S. Aguiar  Julio Baumgarten  Jean-François Cosson  Jakob Fahr  Neil Furey  Robert Hodgkison  Kirsten G. Jung  Thomas H. Kunz  Isabel Moya  Paul A. Racey  Erica M. Sampaio  Christian C. Voigt  Christa D. Weise 《Biological conservation》2010,143(11):2797-2807

Bats are ecologically important mammals in tropical ecosystems; however, their populations face numerous environmental threats related to climate change, habitat loss, fragmentation, hunting, and emerging diseases. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop and implement large-scale networks to monitor trends in bat populations over extended time periods. Using data from a range of Neotropical and Paleotropical bat assemblages, we assessed the ability for long-term monitoring programs to reliably detect temporal trends in species abundance. We explored the magnitude of within-site temporal variation in abundance and evaluated the statistical power of a suite of different sampling designs for several different bat species and ensembles. Despite pronounced temporal variation in abundance of most tropical bat species, power simulations suggest that long-term monitoring programs (?20 years) can detect population trends of 5% per year or more with adequate statistical power (?0.9). However, shorter monitoring programs (?10 years) have insufficient power for trend detection. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that a monitoring program extending over 20 years with four surveys conducted biennially on five plots per monitoring site would have the potential for detecting a 5% annual change in abundance for a suite of bat species from different ensembles. The likelihood of reaching adequate statistical power was sensitive to initial species abundance and the magnitude of count variation, stressing that only the most abundant species in an assemblage and those with generally low variation in abundance should be considered for detailed population monitoring.  相似文献   

Effects of Intensification of the Amazon River Prawn,Macrobrachium amazonicum,Grow‐out on Effluent Quality     

Janaina Mitsue Kimpara  Julio F. Queiroz  Michael Bernard New 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(2):210-219

Studies to determine suitable levels of intensification are essential for developing sustainable aquaculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of effluents discharged from ponds stocked with 10 (D10), 20 (D20), 40 (D40), and 80 (D80) postlarvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum/m². Intake and effluent water samples were taken throughout a 5.5‐mo grow‐out cycle. In that study, twelve 0.01‐ha earthen ponds were stocked postlarvae with 0.01 g. Average water exchange rate was 15%/d; water was discharged from the bottom of the ponds. Prawns were fed a commercial feed with 38% crude protein according to their biomass (3–10%) and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). In our research, temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids, conductivity, DO, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), N‐ammonia, N‐nitrite, N‐nitrate, N‐Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soluble orthophosphate were measured every 15 d throughout the experiment in the early morning (0630 to 0730 h). Turbidity was lower in D10 than in D20 and D40 and total phosphorus was higher in D80 than in D10 and D20. An analysis of principal components comparing treatments and intake water showed three groups: intake, D10 and a cluster of D20, D40, and D80. On the basis of the water characteristics found in our study it appears that the farming of M. amazonicum is likely to have a low environmental impact, at least up to a stocking density of 80 prawns/m².  相似文献   

Constructed wetlands for the treatment of organic pollutants   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Raimund Haberl  Stefano Grego  Günter Langergraber  Robert H. Kadlec  Anna-Rita Cicalini  Susete Martins Dias  Julio M. Novais  Sylvie Aubert  Andre Gerth  Hartmut Thomas  Anja Hebner 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2003,3(2):109-124

Background  Constructed wetlands (wetland treatment systems) are wetlands designed to improve water quality. They use the same processes that occur in natural wetlands but have the flexibility of being constructed. As in natural wetlands vegetation, soil and hydrology are the major components. Different soil types and plant species are used in constructed wetlands. Regarding hydrology surface flow and subsurface flow constructed wetlands are the main types. Subsurface flow constructed wetlands are further subdivided into horizontal or vertical flow. Many constructed wetlands deal with domestic wastewater where BOD and COD (Biochemical and Chemical Oxygen Demand respectively) are used as a sum parameter for organic matter. However, also special organic compounds can be removed. Objective  The objectives are to summarise the state-of-the-art on constructed wetlands for treatment of specific organic compounds, to the present the lack of knowledge, and to derive future research needs. Methods  Case studies in combination with a literature review are used to summarise the available knowledge on removal processes for specific organic compounds. Results and Discussion  Case studies are presented for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated with aromatic organic compounds, and sulphonated anthraquinones, olive mill wastewater, landfill leachate, and groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons, cyanides, chlorinated volatile organics, and explosives. In general the removal efficiency for organic contaminants is high in all presented studies. Conclusion  Constructed wetlands are an effective and low cost way to treat water polluted with organic compounds. There is a lack of knowledge on the detailed removal pathways for most of the contaminants. Removal rates as well as optimal plant species are substance-specific, and also typically not available. If a constructed wetland provides different environmental conditions and uses different plant species the treatment efficiency can be improved. Recommendations and Outlook  There is a great need to lighten the black box ‘constructed wetland’ to obtain performance data for both microbial activity and the contribution of the plants to the overall removal process. Also genetic modified plants should be considered to enhance the treatment performance of constructed wetlands for specific compounds.  相似文献   

Phytochemical induction by herbivores could affect quality of essential oils from aromatic plants     

Valladares GR  Zapata A  Zygadlo J  Banchio E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(14):4059-4061

Plant tissues may show chemical changes following herbivory. In aromatic plants such changes could affect the specific compounds on which commercial exploitation is based. This possibility was analyzed for Mintosthachys mollis, a member of the Lamiaceae native to Central Argentina with medicinal and aromatic uses in the region, and two types of insect herbivores: a leaf miner and a gall insect. Analysis of the essential oils of mined/undamaged leaves, as well as leaves from stems with and without galls, revealed changes in concentrations of the two main monoterpenes. A decrease in pulegone concentration was associated with both types of insect damage, whereas menthone increased significantly only in mined leaves. Inducible chemical changes in aromatic and medicinal plants may be common and widespread; their economic implications deserve investigation.  相似文献   

Ecotoxicological study of the influence of an industrial effluent on a net-spinning caddisfly assemblage in a regulated river     

Julio A. Camargo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,60(3-4):263-277

The influence of an industrial effluent on the spatial distribution of net-spinning caddisflies (Trichoptera, Insecta) in the regulated Rio Duratón (northern Spain) was studied using field and laboratory methods. The effluent caused an increase in the fluoride concentration at three downstream sampling sites (mean values 6.8, 2.7 and 1.3 mg F-L^?1 at S-3, S-4 and S-5) compared with control stations (0.1 mg F-L^?1 at S-1 and S-2). The suspended inorganic matter (SIM) only increased just below the effluent (S-3), settling on the stream bottom at this sampling station. In addition, discharge fluctuations of hypolimnial waters with a significant OZ deficit, < 5 mg L^?1 just below the reservoir (S-2), were produced daily by the dam, causing an hourly variation of fluoride concentrations at S-3, S-4 and S-5. The 48 and 72 hr LC50s (mg F-L^?1) calculated from fluoride toxicity bioassays in soft water were 79.2 and 44.9 for Hydropsyche bulbifera, 86.6 and 43.7 for H. exocellata, 112 and 59.1 for H. pellucidula, 78.2 (72 hr) for H. lobata, and 120 and 79.7 for Chimarra marginata. H. siltalai, H. bulbifera, H. exocellata and Polycentropus flavomaculatus increased their abundances at S-4 and S-5 with regard to the upstream control station (S-1). Densities of Hydropsyche sp., H. lobata, H. pellucidula, Chimarra marginata and Cheumatopsyche lepida decreased or were absent downstream from the dam. No caddisfly species was collected at S-3 during sampling surveys. It is concluded that the main physicochemical factors responsible for changes in structure and composition of the net-spinning caddisfly assemblage along the study area were short-term flow fluctuations, dissolved O₂ deficit and siltation of SIM. The increased fluoride concentration was a minor factor.  相似文献   

Chemical constituents in Baccharis dracunculifolia as the main botanical origin of southeastern Brazilian propolis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Park YK  Paredes-Guzman JF  Aguiar CL  Alencar SM  Fujiwara FY 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(5):1100-1103

Previously, it was reported that one group of propolis (Group 12) was identified in southeastern Brazil, and the botanical origin of the propolis was Baccharis dracunculifolia resinous exudates. It was also observed that honeybee (Africanized Apis mellifera) mainly visited the leaf buds or unexpanded leaves of B. dracunculifolia but rarely expanded leaves. B. dracunculifolia is dioecious with male and female inflorescences, and RPHPLC of the ethanolic extracts of the respective male and female bud resinous exudates showed the same profiles. RPHPLC profiles of propolis G12 leaf buds and unexpanded and expanded leaves of B. dracunculifolia showed similarity, but unexpanded leaves quantitatively decreased in chemical constituents as compared with leaf buds. In the case of expanded leaves, all chemical constituents were severely decreased or disappeared. Artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) was also identified in both propolis and resinous exudates, and both ethanolic extracts contained the highest concentrations of this compound as compared with the rest of the chemical constituents.  相似文献   

Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, toxicological and chemical profile of Calophyllum brasiliense extracts from Chiapas, Mexico     

César GZ  Alfonso MG  Marius MM  Elizabeth EM  Angel CB  Maira HR  Guadalupe CL  Manuel JE  Ricardo RC 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(7):1027-1034

  相似文献