The implications of homozygous vip3Aa20- and cry1Ab-maize on Spodoptera frugiperda control     

Eghrari  Kian  Oliveira  Serena Capriogli  Nascimento  Amanda Maria  Queiroz  Bruna  Fatoretto  Julio  de Souza  Bruno Henrique Sardinha  Fernandes  Odair Aparecido  M&#;ro  Gustavo Vitti 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):115-127

Journal of Pest Science - Historically, Bt maize hybrids have been produced with the Bt alleles in a hemizygous state. Homozygous Bt transgenes increase the expression of Bt proteins in plants;...  相似文献   

Three novel species of fungi associated with pine species showing needle blight-like disease symptoms     

Monteiro  Pedro  Gonçalves  Micael F. M.  Pinto  Glória  Silva  Beatriz  Martín-García  Jorge  Diez  Julio Javier  Alves  Artur 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(1):183-202

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Pine needle diseases, such as red band and brown spot needle blight, are serious pine diseases that threatens forests in many countries. Several outbreaks have...  相似文献   

Metapopulation dynamics and determinants of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Indonesian poultry     

Farnsworth ML  Fitchett S  Hidayat MM  Lockhart C  Hamilton-West C  Brum E  Angus S  Poermadjaja B  Pinto J 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,102(3):206-217

In 2008, the Indonesian Government implemented a revised village-level Participatory Disease Surveillance and Response (PDSR) program to gain a better understanding of both the magnitude and spatial distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in backyard poultry. To date, there has been considerable collection of data, but limited publically available analysis. This study utilizes data collected by the PDSR program between April 2008 and September 2010 for Java, Bali and the Lampung Province of Sumatra. The analysis employs hierarchical Bayesian occurrence models to quantify spatial and temporal dynamics in backyard HPAI infection reports at the District level in 90 day time periods, and relates the probability of HPAI occurrence to PDSR-reported village HPAI infection status and human and poultry density. The probability of infection in a District was assumed to be dependent on the status of the District in the previous 90 day time period, and described by either a colonization probability (the probability of HPAI infection in a District given there had not been infection in the previous 90 day time period) or a persistence probability (the probability of HPAI infection being maintained in the District from the previous to current 90 day period). Results suggest that the number of surveillance activities in a district had little relationship to outbreak occurrence probabilities, but human and poultry densities were found to have non-linear relationships to outbreak occurrence probabilities. We found significant spatial dependency among neighboring districts, indicating that there are latent spatial processes that are not captured by the covariates available for this study, but which nonetheless impact outbreak dynamics. The results of this work may help improve understanding of the seasonal nature of H5N1 in poultry and the potential role of poultry density in enabling endemicity to occur, as well as to assist the Government of Indonesia target scarce resources to regions and time periods when outbreaks of HPAI in poultry are most likely to occur.  相似文献   

Developing vaccines to control protozoan parasites in ruminants: dead or alive?     

Innes EA  Bartley PM  Rocchi M  Benavidas-Silvan J  Burrells A  Hotchkiss E  Chianini F  Canton G  Katzer F 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,180(1-2):155-163

Protozoan parasites are among some of the most successful organisms worldwide, being able to live and multiply within a very wide range of hosts. The diseases caused by these parasites cause significant production losses in the livestock sector involving reproductive failure, impaired weight gain, contaminated meat, reduced milk yields and in severe cases, loss of the animal. In addition, some protozoan parasites affecting livestock such as Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum may also be transmitted to humans where they can cause serious disease. Data derived from experimental models of infection in ruminant species enables the study of the interactions between parasite and host. How the parasite initiates infection, becomes established and multiplies within the host and the critical pathways that may lead to a disease outcome are all important to enable the rational design of appropriate intervention strategies. Once the parasites invade the hosts they induce both innate and adaptive immune responses and the induction and function of these immune responses are critical in determining the outcome of the infection. Vaccines offer green solutions to control disease as they are sustainable, reducing reliance on pharmacological drugs and pesticides. The use of vaccines has multiple benefits such as improving animal health and welfare by controlling animal infections and infestations; improving public health by controlling zoonoses and food borne pathogens in animals; solving problems associated with resistance to acaricides, antibiotics and anthelmintics; keeping animals and the environment free of chemical residues and maintaining biodiversity. All of these attributes should lead to improved sustainability of animal production and economic benefit. Using different protozoan parasitic diseases as examples this paper will discuss various approaches used to develop vaccines to protect against disease in livestock and discuss the relative merits of using live versus killed vaccine preparations. A range of different vaccination targets and strategies will be discussed to help protect against: acute disease, congenital infection and abortion, persistence of zoonotic pathogens in tissues of food animals and passive transfer of immunity to neonates.  相似文献   

Biochemical and Antioxidant Changes in Plasma, Serum, and Erythrocytes of Horses before and after a Jumping Competition     

Julio Cesar Mendes Soares  Ricardo Zanella  Carlos Bondan  Leonardo Porto Alves  Marina Ragagnin de Lima  Adriana Costa da Motta  Eraldo Lourenso Zanella 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(7):357-360

We designed an experiment to determine the concentrations of a marker of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of horses submitted to jumping competitions. Erythrocytes of exercised horses showed a significant increase in the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive species content immediately after exercise (P < .001), which returned to normal levels 24 hours after exercise. Nonprotein sulfhydryl groups and superoxide dismutase activity (EC 1.15.1.1) in erythrocytes were significantly higher 24 hours after exercise, as compared with the resting period and control group (P < .001). Immediately after exercise, horses had increased serum concentrations of uric acid (P < .002) and plasma lactate, as well as increased creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.28) activities (P < .001), as compared with resting period and control group. All parameters returned to normal values 24 hours after exercise, except for uric acid serum levels that remained increased (P < .001). We conclude that the oxidative stress in erythrocytes of exercised horses may contribute to tissue damage. In addition, our results showed that horses submitted to a jumping competition showed higher production of free radicals and as a consequence, lipid peroxidation.  相似文献   

Assessment of in vivo and in vitro tuberculosis diagnostic tests in Mycobacterium caprae naturally infected caprine flocks     

Bezos J  Alvarez J  de Juan L  Romero B  Rodríguez S  Fernández-de-Mera IG  Hewinson RG  Vordermeier M  Mateos A  Domínguez L  Aranaz A 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,100(3-4):187-192

Caprine tuberculosis in Spain is mainly caused by Mycobacterium caprae although the progression of the disease and lesion severity is similar to that caused by Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, the sensitivity of the gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) assay using an antigen cocktail containing early secretory antigenic target-6kDa (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) peptides for stimulation was determined and compared with those obtained in single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) and single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) tests and IFN-γ assay using purified protein derivative (PPD) in three different flocks infected with M. caprae under different epidemiological conditions. Correlation between specific IFN-γ production and severity of lesions was also evaluated. Sensitivities of the diagnostic tests varied greatly in the three flocks studied, with higher values in those where higher lesion scores were observed. The results show that IFN-γ assay applied in goats using PPD or the ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptides cocktail for stimulation yielded similar sensitivity values. A significant yet weak positive correlation between specific IFN-γ production and lesion scores was detected after the stimulation with PPDs (p=0.004) whereas when the blood samples were stimulated with ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptides, the correlation was not significant (p>0.05). Therefore, specific-IFN-γ production after the stimulation with PPDs or ESAT-6/CFP-10 was not an accurate indicator of lesion severity in naturally tuberculosis infected goats with M. caprae.  相似文献   

Diversity,relationships, and genetic fingerprinting of the Listada de Gandía eggplant landrace using genomic SSRs and EST-SSRs     

Julio E. Muñoz-Falcón  Santiago Vilanova  Mariola Plazas  Jaime Prohens 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Listada de Gandía is one of the most renowned Spanish eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) landraces. Assessing its genetic diversity and relationships, as well as devising tools for its identification, is of great relevance for the enhancement and protection of this landrace. Forty-two eggplant accessions, which included 25 Striped accessions, of which 19 were of the Listada type (six accessions of Listada de Gandía, eight of Other Spanish Listada, and five of Non-Spanish Listada) and six of the Other Non-Spanish Striped group, and 17 Non-Striped accessions were characterized with 17 genomic SSRs and 32 EST-SSRs. Genomic SSRs had, as a mean, a greater polymorphism and polymorphic information content (PIC) than EST-SSRs. Although Listada de Gandía proved to be genetically diverse, specific and universal alleles for two SSR markers were found for this landrace. All the Listada accessions cluster together in the multivariate PCoA and UPGMA phenograms performed, and are separated from the Other Non-Spanish Striped and Non-Striped accessions. Also, Listada de Gandía accessions were clearly differentiated from the Other Spanish Listada and Non-Spanish Listada accessions in these analyses. SSR markers revealed of great utility to obtain a specific fingerprint for the Listada de Gandía eggplant as well as to establish the uniqueness and distinctness of this landrace. This information will be very helpful for the enhancement and protection from imitation of Listada de Gandía, and contributes to support its potential recognition with a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status.  相似文献   

Rational design of new agrochemical fungicides using substructural descriptors     

Speck-Planche A  Guilarte-Montero L  Yera-Bueno R  Rojas-Vargas JA  García-López A  Uriarte E  Molina-Pérez E 《Pest management science》2011,67(4):438-445

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Management of insect pests and weeds     

Jeff Dlott  Ivette Perfecto  Peter Rosset  Larry Burkham  Julio Monterrey  John Vandermeer 《Agriculture and Human Values》1993,10(3):9-15

The Cuban government has undertaken the task of transforming insect pest and weed management from conventional to organic and more sustainable approaches on a nationwide basis. This paper addresses past programs and current major areas of research and implementation as well as provides examples of programs in insect and weed management. Topics covered include the newly constructed network of Centers for the Reproduction of Entomophages and Entomopathogens (CREEs), which provide the infrastructure for the implementation of biological control on state, cooperative, and private farm operations. CREE programs include the mass rearing and release of Trichogramma spp. to manage insect pests of cassava, tobacco, sugarcane, and improved pasture. The entomopathogens, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii, are being mass produced in the CREEs and applied to control a number of key insect pests. A traditional method employed by peasant farmers of using the predatory ant Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) in the biological control of sweetpotato and banana insect pests has been further developed and implemented. Efforts are underway to rear nematode species that attack insect pests and identify plant extracts with insecticidal qualities as potential management tools. Weed management has moved away from dependence on herbicides and toward alternative techniques that include weed suppression based on rotation schemes, limited use of selective herbicides, and new tillage equipment and practices.Jeff Dlott is presently a lecturer and research specialist in the Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management at the University of California, Berkeley. His research interests are in participatory research on biological control of insect pests with farmer organizations in California, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico.  相似文献   

Composition and anti-insect activity of essential oils from Tagetes L. species (Asteraceae, Helenieae) on Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann and Triatoma infestans Klug     

López SB  López ML  Aragón LM  Tereschuk ML  Slanis AC  Feresin GE  Zygadlo JA  Tapia AA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5286-5292

Essential oils from four species of the genus Tagetes L. (Asteraceae, Helenieae) collected in Tucuma?n province, Argentina, were evaluated for their chemical composition, toxicity, and olfactory activity on Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann adults and for repellent properties on Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Chagas disease vector). Yields of essential oils range from 0.2 to 0.8% (v/w). The same main constituents among Tagetes minuta L., Tagestes rupestris Cabrera, and Tagetes terniflora Kunth, (cis-trans)-ocimenes, (cis-trans)-tagetones, and (cis-trans)-ocimenones showed important differences in their relative compositions. Tagetes filifolia Lag. was characterized by the recognized phenylpropanoids methylchavicol and trans-anethole as the main components. LD(50) was ≤20 μg/insect in topical bioassays. T. rupestris was the most toxic to C. capitata females, whereas the other oils presented similar toxicities against males and females. Tagetes rupestris oil attracted both sexes of C. capitata at 5 μg, whereas T. minuta showed opposite activities between males (attractant) and females (repellent). Oils from T. minuta and T. filifolia were the most repellent to T. infestans. The results suggest that compositions of essential oils influence their insecticidal and olfactory properties. The essential oils from Tagetes species show an important potential as infochemical agents on insects' behaviors. This study highlights the chemical variability of essential oils as a source of variation of anti-insect properties.  相似文献