小麦薄层干燥特性研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

李长友  上出顺一 《华南农业大学学报》1995,16(3):1-5

在确保送温温度恒定的条件下，考察了小麦的薄层干燥特性，小麦的降速干燥过程，可区分为２段降速干燥；降速干燥速率主要受送风温度的支配，受空气的温度的影响相对较小。  相似文献   

Expressed sequence tags from organ-specific cDNA libraries of tea (Camellia sinensis) and polymorphisms and transferability of EST-SSRs across Camellia species     

Fumiya Taniguchi  Hiroyuki Fukuoka  Junichi Tanaka 《Breeding Science》2012,62(2):186-195

Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world and the tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, is an important crop in many countries. To increase the amount of genomic information available for C. sinensis, we constructed seven cDNA libraries from various organs and used these to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs). A total of 17,458 ESTs were generated and assembled into 5,262 unigenes. About 50% of the unigenes were assigned annotations by Gene Ontology. Some were homologous to genes involved in important biological processes, such as nitrogen assimilation, aluminum response, and biosynthesis of caffeine and catechins. Digital northern analysis showed that 67 unigenes were expressed differentially among the seven organs. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) motif searches among the unigenes identified 1,835 unigenes (34.9%) harboring SSR motifs of more than six repeat units. A subset of 100 EST-SSR primer sets was tested for amplification and polymorphism in 16 tea accessions. Seventy-one primer sets successfully amplified EST-SSRs and 70 EST-SSR loci were polymorphic. Furthermore, these 70 EST-SSR markers were transferable to 14 other Camellia species. The ESTs and EST-SSR markers will enhance the study of important traits and the molecular genetics of tea plants and other Camellia species.  相似文献   

Close linkage of a blast resistance gene,Pias(t), with a bacterial leaf blight resistance gene,Xa1-as(t), in a rice cultivar ‘Asominori’     

Takashi Endo  Masayuki Yamaguchi  Ryota Kaji  Koji Nakagomi  Tomomori Kataoka  Narifumi Yokogami  Toshiki Nakamura  Goro Ishikawa  Jun-ichi Yonemaru  Takeshi Nishio 《Breeding Science》2012,62(4):334-339

It has long been known that a bacterial leaf blight-resistant line in rice obtained from a crossing using ‘Asominori’ as a resistant parent also has resistance to blast, but a blast resistance gene in ‘Asominori’ has not been investigated in detail. In the present study, a blast resistance gene in ‘Asominori’, tentatively named Pias(t), was revealed to be located within 162-kb region between DNA markers YX4-3 and NX4-1 on chromosome 4 and to be linked with an ‘Asominori’ allele of the bacterial leaf blight resistance gene Xa1, tentatively named Xa1-as(t). An ‘Asominori’ allele of Pias(t) was found to be dominant and difference of disease severity between lines having the ‘Asominori’ allele of Pias(t) and those without it was 1.2 in disease index from 0 to 10. Pias(t) was also closely linked with the Ph gene controlling phenol reaction, suggesting the possibility of successful selection of blast resistance using the phenol reaction. Since blast-resistant commercial cultivars have been developed using ‘Asominori’ as a parent, Pias(t) is considered to be a useful gene in rice breeding for blast resistance.  相似文献   

Stability to light, heat, and hydrogen peroxide at different pH values and DPPH radical scavenging activity of acylated anthocyanins from red radish extract     

Matsufuji H  Kido H  Misawa H  Yaguchi J  Otsuki T  Chino M  Takeda M  Yamagata K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3692-3701

The stability of red radish extract to light, heat, and hydrogen peroxide at different pH values (3, 5, and 7) was examined, in which major anthocyanins were pelargonidin glycosides acylated with a combination of p-coumaric, ferulic, or caffeic acids. The light irradiation (fluorescence light, 5000 lx; at 25 degrees C) indicated that the red radish extract was more stable at lower pH than at higher pH. The HPLC analyses revealed that diacylated anthocyanins in the extract were more stable to light at pH 3 than monoacylated anthocyanins. No significant difference in degradation rates of acylated anthocyanins at pH 5 was observed, whereas anthocyanins acylated with p-coumaric or ferulic acids were more stable at pH 7 than ones with caffeic acids. The stability to heat (at 90-95 degrees C) showed a tendency similar to that for light. The number of intramolecular acyl units contributes to stability to light and heat at lower pH, whereas the characteristics of intramolecular acyl units influence the stability at higher pH. The degradation behavior of red radish extract to H2O2 were almost the same to those of light and heat, depending on the pH. However, HPLC analyses revealed that the stability of individual acylated anthocyanins were independent of the pH. These data suggest that the characteristics, the number, and the binding site of intramolecular acyl units affect the stability of anthocyanin to H2O2. DPPH radical scavenging activity of all acylated anthocyanins was higher than those of pelargonidin and perlargonidin-3-glucoside. The activity of acylated anthocyanins mostly depended on the activity of intramolecular acyl units (caffeic acid > ferulic acid > p-coumaric acid). However, the activity was highly affected by the binding site of intramolecular acyl units even if anthocyanins have common acyl units.  相似文献   

Phosphorylation of ovalbumin by dry-heating in the presence of pyrophosphate: effect on protein structure and some properties     

Li CP  Hayashi Y  Shinohara H  Ibrahim HR  Sugimoto Y  Kurawaki J  Matsudomi N  Aoki T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(12):4962-4967

Ovalbumin (OVA) was phosphorylated by dry-heating in the presence of pyrophosphate at pH 4.0 and 85 degrees C for 1 and 5 days, and the physicochemical and structural properties of phosphorylated OVA were investigated. The phosphorus content of OVA increased to 1.01% by phosphorylation, and the electrophoretic mobility of PP-OVA also increased. Although the solubility of dry-heated OVA decreased, the decrease was slightly depressed by phosphorylation. The circular dichroism spectra showed that the change of the secondary structure in the OVA molecule, as measured by alpha-helix content, was mild by phosphorylation. The exchange reaction between the sulfhydryl and disulfide groups was enhanced and the surface hydrophobicity of OVA increased by phosphorylation. The tryptophan fluorescence intensity of OVA decreased by phosphorylation, suggesting that the conformational change occurred in the OVA molecule by phosphorylation. Although the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of OVA showed a lowering of the denaturation temperature from 78.3 to 70.1 degrees C by phosphorylation, the stability of OVA against heat-induced insolubility at pH 7.0 was improved. The results indicated molten (partially unfolded) conformations of OVA formed by dry-heating in the presence of pyrophosphate.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical study on the secretory host defense system of bactericidal peptides in rat digestive organs     

Yokoo Y  Miyata H  Udayanga KG  Qi WM  Takahara E  Yokoyama T  Kawano J  Hoshi N  Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):217-225

To clarify the fundamental regulation mechanism against indigenous bacterial proliferation in the alimentary tract, we immunohistochemically examined the localization of 4 bactericidal peptides (BP) in the rat digestive exocrine glands. In the upper alimentary tract, lysozyme was detected in the gustatory, extraorbital lacrimal and parotid glands. Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) was detected in the extraorbital lacrimal glands. β-defensin1 was detected in the gustatory and extraorbital lacrimal glands. β-defensin2 was detected in the Harderian glands. In the stomach, β-defensins were detected in the gastric superficial epithelial cells. In the small and large intestines, only lysozyme and sPLA2 were detected in the Paneth cells. In the cecum, all 4 BP were detected in the middle to apical portions of the crypts, and only sPLA2 was detected in the basal portion. No BP were localized in other exocrine glands associated with the alimentary tract. In addition, all 4 BP were also detected in the columnar epithelial cells of the apical portions of intestinal villi. In the intestinal superficial epithelial cells, lysozyme and β-defensins were detected in the ascending colon, whereas only β-defensin1 was detected in the descending colon and rectum. These results suggest that BP are mainly secreted from exocrine tissues in the initial portion of the digestive tract and play a role in host defense against indigenous bacteria throughout the digestive tract. Part of the BP in the chyme might be absorbed by the epithelium at the most inner sites of mucosae in the small and large intestines.  相似文献   

Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from raw fish in relation to culture methods     

Saito E  Yoshida N  Kawano J  Shimizu A  Igimi S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):287-292

Five hundred and fifty fish samples from various stages in the course of distribution in Hyogo Prefecture (209 retailed in super markets, 173 obtained from fishery cooperatives at a harbor, 91 caught by trawling and 77 caught by rod fishing) were examined for contamination with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). S. aureus was detected in 41 (19.6%) of the retail fish samples and 46 (26.6%) of the samples from the fishery cooperatives. No S. aureus was isolated from the live fish (91 trawled and 77 fished by rod). With regard to the retail fish, the contamination rate of processed fish (26.0%) was significantly higher than that of unprocessed fish (14.2%). For 88 samples, the efficacy of the selective medium was compared using Baird-Parker agar and mannitol salt agar supplemented with egg yolk (MSEY agar) by the direct plate and enrichment culture methods. Using the direct culture method, the S. aureus positive rate with the Baird-Parker agar (30.7%) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that with the MSEY agar (6.8%). The enrichment culture method remarkably raised the S. aureus detection rate. Seventy-eight (85.7%) of 91 isolates belonged to the human ecovar. Sixty-two (68.1%) of the 91 isolates had some enterotoxin genes, including 44 (48.4%) with the sea gene. These data showed that the fish were contaminated with S. aureus after landing and that Baird-Parker agar had an advantage in detecting S. aureus with a direct plate culture.  相似文献   

Effects of Quillaja saponaria extract alone or in combination with Yucca schidigera extract on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro     

Bunthoeun PEN  Chetra SAR  Benson MWENYA  Junichi TAKAHASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(2):193-199

The objective of the study was to evaluate effects of Quillaja saponaria (QS) with or without Yucca schidigera extract (YS) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis. The culture media consisted of 400 mL of strained rumen fluid collected from two non‐lactating Holstein cows and 400 mL of artificial saliva. The culture media was anaerobically incubated with 10 g of a mixture of concentrate and oat hay (1:1, w/w) at 39°C for 24 h. The treatments were arranged as 2 × 3 factorial design experiment consisting of three levels of QS (0, 2 or 4 mL/L) and two levels of YS (0 or 2 mL/L). Treatment interactions between QS and YS were observed for pH and ammonia N concentration. CH₄ production was not modified by addition of QS but decreased (P < 0.05) when added with YS. Addition of QS with YS increased (P < 0.05) propionate concentrations. Protozoa numbers were decreased (P < 0.05) by QS addition alone or with YS. Results show that QS and YS exhibited strong antiprotozoal effects and combinations of both plant extracts may have potential as safe manipulators of ruminal fermentation.  相似文献   

An alfalfa gene similar to glutathione S-transferase is induced in root by iron deficiency     

Yusuke Arakawa  Yoshikuni Masaoka  Junichi Sakai  Hiromi Higo  Kenichi Higo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):111-116

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Factors affecting the genetic diversity of a perennial herb Viola grypoceras A. Gray var. grypoceras in urban fragmented forests     

Yuichi Toma  Junichi Imanishi  Masashi Yokogawa  Hiroshi Hashimoto  Ayumi Imanishi  Yukihiro Morimoto  Yuki Hatanaka  Yuji Isagi  Shozo Shibata 《Landscape Ecology》2015,30(8):1435-1447

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