Encoding gender and individual information in the mouse vomeronasal organ     

He J  Ma L  Kim S  Nakai J  Yu CR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5875):535-538

The mammalian vomeronasal organ detects complex chemical signals that convey information about gender, strain, and the social and reproductive status of an individual. How these signals are encoded is poorly understood. We developed transgenic mice expressing the calcium indicator G-CaMP2 and analyzed population responses of vomeronasal neurons to urine from individual animals. A substantial portion of cells was activated by either male or female urine, but only a small population of cells responded exclusively to gender-specific cues shared across strains and individuals. Female cues activated more cells and were subject to more complex hormonal regulations than male cues. In contrast to gender, strain and individual information was encoded by the combinatorial activation of neurons such that urine from different individuals activated distinctive cell populations.  相似文献   

8-Hydroxybriaranes from Octocoral Briareum stechei (Briareidae) (Kükenthal, 1908)     

Thanh-Hao Huynh  Su-Ying Chien  Junichi Tanaka  Zhi-Hong Wen  Yang-Chang Wu  Tung-Ying Wu  Ping-Jyun Sung 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)

Chemical investigation of the octocoral Briareum stechei, collected in the Ie Island, Okinawa, Japan, resulted in the isolation of a new briarane-type diterpenoid, briastecholide A (1), as well as the previously reported metabolites, solenolide C (2) and briarenolide S (3). The structures of briaranes 1–3 were characterized through spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of 2 was corroborated by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Briarane 3 exhibited bioactivity against the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).  相似文献   

Varietal traits limiting the grain yield of tropical maize III. Significance of tillers for productivity     

Junichi Yamaguchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):155-161

Four highland tillering varieties were grown on a high plateau in Mexico with three plant densities to examine the contribution of tillers to the grain yield and the following results were obtained:

1) At low densities tillers were as efficient as the main culm in grain production, and grain yield attributed to the tillers was nearly 50 per cent of the total grain yield. However, at high densities tillers were less effective. The contribution of tillers to the total yield was only a few per cent.

2) The proposition was discussed that tillering ability was an important character for obtaining a reasonably high yield at low densities, but was not an important character in seeking a maximum grain yield with a high plant density.  相似文献   

Sulfur deficiency of rice plants in the Lower Volta area,Ghana     

Junichi Yamaguchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):367-383

Abstract

It is well known that stem nodules are formed on the aerial parts of Aeschynomene spp. and Sesbania rostrata grown in the field (Yatazawa and Yoshida 1979; Dreyfus and Dommergues 1981; Yoshida et al. 1985). We have reported that stem nodules were successfully formed by inoculation of Rhizobium isolates derived from both stem and root nodules of A. indica (Yoshida et al. 1985; Sasakawa et al. 1986). The specific activity of nitrogen fixation in stem nodules is comparable to that of root nodules (Sasakawa et al. 1986; Sasakawa 1990). A red pigment, which suggests the presence of leghemoglobin, was detected in stem nodules as well as in root nodules (Yatazawa and Yoshida 1979; Yatazawa and Susilo 1980; Sasakawa et al. 1986).  相似文献   

Minimum space for root development without mechanical stress for obtaining a high yield of rice     

Junichi Yamaguchi  Akira Tanaka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):515-518

Abstract

It is generally considered that the larger the volume of soil in which the root system of a crop develops, the better the development of roots and the growth of the crop. This trend is attributed to (a) the larger quantity of water and nutrients available to the crop and (b) better supply of oxygen to the roots with the increase of the soil volume. There is, however, no information on the effect of the physical space itself on root development and plant growth.  相似文献   

Membranous Glomerulonephropathy in a Hatano Low-avoidance Rat     

Kyohei Yasuno  Haruka Sakashita  Ryosuke Kobayashi  Saori Araki  Rio Saito  Mariko Shirota  Junichi Kamiie  Kinji Shitora 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):203-208

Membranous glomerulonephropathy can be experimentally induced in rats, but spontaneous cases have been rarely reported. In this report, we present a typical case of spontaneous membranous glomerulonephropathy in a rat. A male Hatano low-avoidance (LAA) strain rat had a tumor mass on the right auricle, and was sacrificed at 41 weeks of age. Urinary screening by reagent strips revealed intense proteinuria. Histological tests revealed frequent presence of irregularly sized eosinophilic hyaline materials on the capillary wall and in the mesangium of renal glomeruli. Immunofluorescence revealed granular deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 in the glomeruli. Subepithelial dense deposits were observed by electron microscopy accompanied by podocyte foot process effacement and occasional irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. The rat also developed chronic lymphocytic pancreatitis, and the tumor mass on the right auricle was diagnosed as a fibrosarcoma. Screening tests for antibodies against major infectious agents and antinuclear antibody were negative. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence analyses suggested the presence of an autoantibody against the pancreatic component. The glomerulopathy was considered an early stage of membranous glomerulonephropathy.  相似文献   

Hippuristanol Reduces the Viability of Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells both in Vitro and in Vivo     

Chie Ishikawa  Junichi Tanaka  Harutaka Katano  Masachika Senba  Naoki Mori 《Marine drugs》2013,11(9):3410-3424

  相似文献   

S-allele genotypes of apple pollenizers,cultivars and lineages including those resistant to scab     

Shogo Matsumoto  Yui Furusawa  Hiromitsu Komatsu  Junichi Soejima 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):634-637

Summary

We examined S-allele genotypes of ten apple cultivars and species to determine their possible usefulness as pollenizers for all apple cultivars. ‘Dolgo’ did not contain any known S-RNases encoded at the S-locus, suggesting its possible usefulness as a pollenizer for almost all apple cultivars. We also identified and confirmed the S-allele genotypes of 18 apple cultivars by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-digestion analysis. The S-genotype of ‘Kiou’ (S₁S₇), ‘Korei’ (S₃S₂₈), ‘Korin’ (S₁S₉), ‘Kotoku’ (S₁S₂₈), ‘Kyokkou (S₇S₂₅), ‘Lobo’ (S₁S₇), ’Mahe 7’ (S₂S₇), ‘Mellow’ (S₂S₃), ‘Takahara’ (S₃S₉) and ‘Warabi’ (S₉S₂₈) were confirmed by pollination results. These cultivars seemed not to have originated from the expected seed or pollen parents or, in the case of ‘Lobo’, might have been mislabelled. Finally, we identified the S-allele genotypes of ‘Prima’ (S₂S₁₀), ‘Querina’ (S₃S₉) and ‘Yoko’ × ‘Prima’ (S₃S₁₀), which are resistant to scab.  相似文献   

Heat- and light-treatment change the visible fluorescence of Akoya cultured pearls     

Junichi Hiramatsu  Yasunori Iwahashi  Kiyohito Nagai 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(6):959-966

We exposed Akoya cultured pearls separately to heat (60–120 °C) and artificial light to investigate changes to fluorescence in the visible range and yellowing. We found that for both heat-treated and light-treated pearls, the fluorescence peak shifted from 480 to 430 nm with an increase in fluorescence intensity. This change in intensity was more prominent in heat-treated pearls, with the initial speed of increase rising with treatment temperature; treatment at 100 °C caused the greatest increase in fluorescence intensity. However, aminoguanidine suppressed the heat-induced change in the fluorescence of an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid–soluble nacreous layer matrix. These results suggest that the heated-induced changes in the fluorescence of Akoya cultured pearls were caused largely by a buildup of fluorescent advanced glycation end products through the Maillard reaction. Although heat treatment led to a large increase in fluorescence intensity of the peak at approximately 430 nm in a deoxygenized environment, hardly any change in fluorescence intensity was observed after light treatment in this environment. Moreover, a new shoulder peak appeared at about 460 nm after light treatment. These results suggest that the Maillard reaction was not a major factor in the light-induced changes in the fluorescence of Akoya cultured pearls.  相似文献   

Identification of Antiviral Agents Targeting Hepatitis B Virus Promoter from Extracts of Indonesian Marine Organisms by a Novel Cell-Based Screening Assay     

Atsuya Yamashita  Yuusuke Fujimoto  Mayumi Tamaki  Andi Setiawan  Tomohisa Tanaka  Kaori Okuyama-Dobashi  Hirotake Kasai  Koichi Watashi  Takaji Wakita  Masaaki Toyama  Masanori Baba  Nicole J. de Voogd  Shinya Maekawa  Nobuyuki Enomoto  Junichi Tanaka  Kohji Moriishi 《Marine drugs》2015,13(11):6759-6773

The current treatments of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) face a limited choice of vaccine, antibody and antiviral agents. The development of additional antiviral agents is still needed for improvement of CHB therapy. In this study, we established a screening system in order to identify compounds inhibiting the core promoter activity of hepatitis B virus (HBV). We prepared 80 extracts of marine organisms from the coral reefs of Indonesia and screened them by using this system. Eventually, two extracts showed high inhibitory activity (>95%) and low cytotoxicity (66% to 77%). Solvent fractionation, column chromatography and NMR analysis revealed that 3,5-dibromo-2-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (compound 1) and 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (compound 2), which are classified as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were identified as anti-HBV agents in the extracts. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited HBV core promoter activity as well as HBV production from HepG2.2.15.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The EC₅₀ values of compounds 1 and 2 were 0.23 and 0.80 µM, respectively, while selectivity indexes of compound 1 and 2 were 18.2 and 12.8, respectively. These results suggest that our cell-based HBV core promoter assay system is useful to determine anti-HBV compounds, and that two PBDE compounds are expected to be candidates of lead compounds for the development of anti-HBV drugs.  相似文献