Neuroprotective effects of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), in ischemic stroke of rats     

Yen TL  Hsu CK  Lu WJ  Hsieh CY  Hsiao G  Chou DS  Wu GJ  Sheu JR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(8):1937-1944

Xanthohumol is the principal prenylated flavonoid in hops (Humulus lupulus L.), an ingredient of beer. Xanthohumol was found to be a potent chemopreventive agent; however, no data are available concerning its neuroprotective effects. In the present study, the neuroprotective activity and mechanisms of xanthohumol in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemia were examined. Treatment with xanthohumol (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) 10 min before MCAO dose-dependently attenuated focal cerebral ischemia and improved neurobehavioral deficits in cerebral ischemic rats. Xanthohumol treatment produced a marked reduction in infarct size compared to that in control rats. MCAO-induced focal cerebral ischemia was associated with increases in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and active caspase-3 protein expressions in ischemic regions. These expressions were obviously inhibited by treatment with xanthohumol. In addition, xanthohumol (3-70 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen (1 μg/mL) in human platelet-rich plasma. An electron spin resonance (ESR) method was used to examine the scavenging activity of xanthohumol on free radicals which had formed. Xanthohumol (1.5 and 3 μM) markedly reduced the ESR signal intensity of hydroxyl radical (OH?) formation in the H?O?/NaOH/DMSO system. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time that in addition to its originally being considered an agent preventing tumor growth, xanthohumol possesses potent neuroprotective activity. This activity is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of inflammatory responses (i.e., HIF-1α, iNOS expression, and free radical formation), apoptosis (i.e., TNF-α, active caspase-3), and platelet activation, resulting in a reduction of infarct volume and improvement in neurobehavior in rats with cerebral ischemia. Therefore, this novel role of xanthohumol may represent high therapeutic potential for treatment or prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury-related disorders.  相似文献   

Antiproliferative Illudalane Sesquiterpenes from the Marine Sediment Ascomycete Aspergillus oryzae     

Raha Orfali  Shagufta Perveen  Muhammad Farooq Khan  Atallah F. Ahmed  Mohammad A. Wadaan  Areej Mohammad Al-Taweel  Ali S. Alqahtani  Fahd A. Nasr  Sobia Tabassum  Paolo Luciano  Giuseppina Chianese  Jyh-Horng Sheu  Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati 《Marine drugs》2021,19(6)

The new asperorlactone (1), along with the known illudalane sesquiterpene echinolactone D (2), two known pyrones, 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one (3) and its acetate 4, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), were isolated from a culture of Aspergillus oryzae, collected from Red Sea marine sediments. The structure of asperorlactone (1) was elucidated by HR-ESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR, and a comparison between experimental and DFT calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. This is the first report of illudalane sesquiterpenoids from Aspergillus fungi and, more in general, from ascomycetes. Asperorlactone (1) exhibited antiproliferative activity against human lung, liver, and breast carcinoma cell lines, with IC₅₀ values < 100 µM. All the isolated compounds were also evaluated for their toxicity using the zebrafish embryo model.  相似文献   

Krempfielins J–M,New Eunicellin-Based Diterpenoids from the Soft Coral Cladiella krempfi     

Yan-Ning Lee  Chi-Jen Tai  Tsong-Long Hwang  Jyh-Horng Sheu 《Marine drugs》2013,11(8):2741-2750

New four eunicellin-based diterpenoids, krempfielins J–M (1–4) were isolated from the organic extract of a Taiwanese soft coral Cladiella krempfi. The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The structure of compound 2 is rare due to the presence of the highly oxygenated pattern. Anti-inflammatory activity of 1–6 to inhibit the superoxide anion generation and elastase release in FMLP/CB-induced human neutrophils was also evaluated, and 2 and 4 were shown to possess the ability to inhibit the elastase release.  相似文献   

Parathyrsoidins A–D,Four New Sesquiterpenoids from the Soft Coral Paralemnalia thyrsoides     

Yen-Ju Tseng  Yu-Sheng Lee  Shang-Kwei Wang  Jyh-Horng Sheu  Chang-Yih Duh 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2501-2509

Four new nardosinane-type sesquiterpenoids, parathyrsoidins A–D (1–4) were isolated from the soft coral Paralemnalia thyrsoides. The structures of parathyrsoidins A–D (1–4) were determined by extensive spectral analysis and their cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines as well as antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were evaluated in vitro.  相似文献   

Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA for three species of Eimeria from chickens in Taiwan     

Lien YY  Sheu SC  Liu HJ  Chen SC  Tsai MY  Luo SC  Wu KC  Liu SS  Su HY 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(1):184-189

Coccidiosis of chickens caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria (Coccidia: Eimeriidae) is an enteric disease that results in great economic losses throughout the world, including Taiwan. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), three species of Eimeria, E. tenella, E. maxima, and E. acervulina have been successfully characterised from chickens in Taiwan. The sizes of PCR products from various isolates representing these three species were between 370 and 580 base pairs (bp). After cloning and sequencing of the PCR products, high nucleotide sequence identity (96.8-100%) was observed within a species. In addition, ITS-2 nucleotide sequences for E. tenella had higher homology (98.5-99.3%) than E. maxima (81.6-96.5%) when compared with appropriate sequences deposited in GenBank. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a 412-bp ITS-2 sequence for E. acervulina from chickens.  相似文献   

Sinularin from Indigenous Soft Coral Attenuates Nociceptive Responses and Spinal Neuroinflammation in Carrageenan-Induced Inflammatory Rat Model     

Shi-Ying Huang  Nan-Fu Chen  Wu-Fu Chen  Han-Chun Hung  Hsin-Pai Lee  Yen-You Lin  Hui-Min Wang  Ping-Jyun Sung  Jyh-Horng Sheu  Zhi-Hong Wen 《Marine drugs》2012,10(9):1899-1919

Three decades ago, the marine-derived compound sinularin was shown to have anti-edematous effects on paw edema induced by carrageenan or adjuvant. To the best of our knowledge, no new studies were conducted to explore the bioactivity of sinularin until we reported the analgesic properties of sinularin based on in vivo experiments. In the present study, we found that sinularin significantly inhibits the upregulation of proinflammatory proteins, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and upregulates the production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells according to western blot analysis. We found that subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of sinularin (80 mg/kg) 1 h before carrageenan injection significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced nociceptive behaviors, including thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, and hindpaw weight-bearing deficits. Further, s.c. sinularin (80 mg/kg) significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced microglial and astrocyte activation as well as upregulation of iNOS in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord. Moreover, s.c. sinularin (80 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced tissue inflammatory responses, redness and edema of the paw, and leukocyte infiltration. The results of immunohistochemical studies indicate that s.c. sinularin (80 mg/kg) could upregulate production of TGF-β1 in carrageenan-induced inflamed paw tissue. The present results demonstrate that systemic sinularin exerts analgesic effects at the behavioral and spinal levels, which are associated with both inhibition of leukocyte infiltration and upregulation of TGF-β1.  相似文献   

Briarenolides U–Y,New Anti-Inflammatory Briarane Diterpenoids from an Octocoral Briareum sp. (Briareidae)     

Yin-Di Su  Tung-Ying Wu  Zhi-Hong Wen  Ching-Chyuan Su  Yu-Hsin Chen  Yu-Chia Chang  Yang-Chang Wu  Jyh-Horng Sheu  Ping-Jyun Sung 《Marine drugs》2015,13(12):7138-7149

Five new 13,14-epoxybriarane diterpenoids, briarenolides U–Y (1–5), were isolated from the octocoral Briareum sp. The structures of briaranes 1–5 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Briarenolides U–Y (1–5) were found to significantly inhibit the expression of the pro-inflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.  相似文献   

Effects of water-soluble carbohydrate concentrate from Chinese jujube on different intestinal and fecal indices     

Huang YL  Yen GC  Sheu F  Chau CF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(5):1734-1739

This study was to investigate the effects of water-soluble carbohydrate concentrate (WSCC) prepared from Chinese jujube ( Zizyphus jujuba) on different intestinal and fecal indices in a hamster model. WSCC contained carbohydrates (771 g kg(-1) of WSCC) including glucose, fructose, pectin polysaccharide, and hemicellulose. The administration of WSCC (5.0 and 15 g kg(-1) of diet) effectively ( P<0.05) shortened gastrointestinal transit time (by 34.2-57.3%), reduced cecal ammonia (by 58.1-60.3%), elevated total short-chain fatty acid concentrations in cecum (3-4-fold), increased fecal moisture (147-170%), reduced daily fecal ammonia output (by 31.9-75.8%), and decreased the activities of beta-D-glucuronidase (by 73.0-73.8%), beta-D-glucosidase (by 58.2-85.7%), mucinase (by 46.2-72.6%), and urease (by 31.9-48.7%) in feces. This study suggested that adequate consumption of jujube WSCC (at least 5.0 g kg(-1) of diet or 40 mg day(-1)) might exert favorable effects on improving the gastrointestinal milieu and reducing the exposure of intestinal mucosa to toxic ammonia and other detrimental compounds.  相似文献   

Bioactive phytochemicals of leaf essential oils of Cinnamomum osmophloeum prevent lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN)-induced acute hepatitis in mice     

Tung YT  Huang CC  Ho ST  Kuo YH  Lin CC  Lin CT  Wu JH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(15):8117-8123

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bioactive phytochemicals of leaf essential oils of Cinnamomum osmophloeum on lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN)-induced acute hepatitis. The results revealed that post-treatment with 100 μmol/kg trans-cinnamaldehyde, (-)-aromadendrene, T-cadinol, or α-cadinol significantly decreased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in serum. Moreover, both T-cadinol and α-cadinol treatments decreased the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) in the liver tissues when compared with the LPS/D-GalN group. Liver histopathology also showed that silymarin, trans-cinnamaldehyde, (-)-aromadendrene, T-cadinol, or α-cadinol significantly reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by LPS/D-GalN. These results suggest that the above phytochemicals exhibit potent hepatoprotection against LPS/D-GalN-induced liver damage in mice, and their hepatoprotective effects may be due to the modulation of anti-inflammatory activities.  相似文献   

Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Eunicellin-Based Diterpenoids from the Soft Coral Cladiella krempfi     

Chi-Jen Tai  Jui-Hsin Su  Chiung-Yao Huang  Ming-Shyan Huang  Zhi-Hong Wen  Chang-Feng Dai  Jyh-Horng Sheu 《Marine drugs》2013,11(3):788-799

Five new eunicellin-based diterpenoids, krempfielins E–I (1–5) and seven known compounds (6–12) were isolated from the organic extract of a Taiwanese soft coral Cladiella krempfi. The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Metabolites 5, 6, 10 and 12 were shown to exhibit cytotoxicity against a limited panel of cancer cell lines. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 10 could potently inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS protein, and 6 and 12 could significantly reduce the expression of COX-2 protein in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.  相似文献