Effect of thermochemical pretreatment on lignin alteration and cell wall microstructural degradation in Eucalyptus globulus: comparison of acid,alkali, and water pretreatments     

Kaori Saito  Yoshiki Horikawa  Junji Sugiyama  Takashi Watanabe  Yoshinori Kobayashi  Keiji Takabe 《Journal of Wood Science》2016,62(3):276-284

  相似文献   

Discovery and genetic analysis of non-bitter Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) with trace-rutinosidase activity     

Tatsuro Suzuki  Toshikazu Morishita  Yuji Mukasa  Shigenobu Takigawa  Satoshi Yokota  Koji Ishiguro  Takahiro Noda 《Breeding Science》2014,64(4):339-343

In a screening of about 500 lines of Tartary buckwheat, we identified lines that contained no detectable rutinosidase isozymes using an in-gel detection assay. We confirmed that seeds of these individuals had only a trace level of in-vitro rutinosidase activity. To investigate the heritability of the trace-rutinosidase characteristic, we analyzed the progeny of crosses between rutinosidase trace-lines, ‘f3g-162’, and the ‘Hokkai T8’. The F₂ progeny clearly divided into two groups: those with rutinosidase activity under 1.5 nkat/g seed (trace-rutinosidase) and those with activity over 400 nkat/g seed (normal rutinosidase). The segregation pattern of this trait in F₂ progeny exhibited 1 : 3 ratio (trace-rutinosidase : normal rutinosidase), suggesting that the trace-rutinosidase trait is conferred by a single recessive gene; rutinosidase-trace A (rutA). In addition, sensory panelists evaluated the bitterness of flour from trace-rutinosidase individuals and did not detect bitterness, whereas flour from normal rutinosidase individuals was found to have strong bitterness. Although at least three bitter compounds have been reported in Tartary buckwheat seeds, our present findings indicate that rutin hydrolysis is the major contributing factor to bitterness. In addition, the trace-rutinosidase line identified here, ‘f3g-162’, is a promising material for generating a non-bitter Tartary buckwheat variety.  相似文献   

Expression of Medicago truncatula ecto-apyrase MtAPY1;1 in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana restricts necrotic lesions induced by a virulent fungus     

Kazuhiro Toyoda  Eriko Kawakami  Hideaki Nagai  Taiki Shiobara-Komatsu  Kaori Tanaka  Yoshishige Inagaki  Yuki Ichinose  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(3):222-229

Ecto-apyrase(s) participates in cell-wall-associated defense through ATP hydrolysis. Here we analyzed Medicago truncatula genes through cDNA screening and in silico analyses against known databases. This study revealed seven genes, five of which (MtAPY1;1 to MtAPY1;5) are members of a legume-specific family, whereas two genes (MtAPY2;1 and MtAPY2;2) are close to those in other plants. Agrobacterium-based transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, combined with a c-myc epitope tag technology, confirmed that the MtAPY1;1 is a secreted protein. Transient expression of MtAPY1;1 in leaves of N. benthamiana restricted disease development by a virulent fungus, suggesting a role in disease resistance.  相似文献   

Model studies on precursor system generating blue pigment in onion and garlic   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Imai S  Akita K  Tomotake M  Sawada H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(3):848-852

Reactions involved in blue-green discoloration in a mixture of onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) were investigated. Vivid-blue color was successfully reproduced by using a defined model reaction system comprising only trans-(+)-S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide (1-PeCSO) from onion, S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (2-PeCSO) from garlic, purified alliinase (EC 4.4.1.4), and glycine (or some other amino acids). Four reaction steps identified and factors affecting the blue color formation were in good agreement with those suggested by earlier investigators. When crude onion alliinase was used in place of garlic alliinase, less pigment was formed. This result was explained by a difference in the amount of thiosulfinates, colorless intermediates termed color developers, yielded from 1-PeCSO by these enzymes.  相似文献   

Simultaneous detection of benzimidazole-resistant strains of Fusarium head blight using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification-fluorescent loop primer method     

Ryoji Komura  Taku Kawakami  Kaori Nakajima  Hirofumi Suzuki  Chiharu Nakashima 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(4):247-253

The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-fluorescent loop primer (FLP) method detects genetic polymorphisms by using a LAMP amplicon and measuring the peak temperatures of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between an FLP and a quencher probe, which is specifically hybridized to a sequence including a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In the present study, the LAMP-FLP method was used to detect mutant genotypes F167Y, E198Q, and F200Y in the β2-tubulin gene region of causal pathogens of Fusarium head blight of wheat that result in methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) resistance, proving its usefulness for monitoring strains with SNPs in target regions of MBC resistance.  相似文献   

Apple necrotic mosaic virus,a novel ilarvirus from mosaic-diseased apple trees in Japan and China     

Hiroki Noda  Noriko Yamagishi  Hajime Yaegashi  Fei Xing  Jipeng Xie  Shifang Li  Tao Zhou  Tsutae Ito  Nobuyuki Yoshikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(2):83-90

The causal agent of apple mosaic disease has been previously thought to be solely caused by apple mosaic virus (ApMV). In this study, we report that a novel ilarvirus is also associated with apple mosaic disease. Next-generation sequencing analysis of an apple tree showing mosaic symptoms revealed that the tree was infected with three apple latent viruses (apple stem pitting virus, apple stem grooving virus, and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus) and a novel ilarvirus (given the name apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV)) that is closely related to Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and ApMV. The genome of ApNMV consists of RNA1 (3378 nt), RNA2 (2767 nt), and RNA3 (1956 nt). A phylogenetic analysis based on the coat protein amino acid sequences indicated that the novel virus belongs to the same subgroup 3 of the genus Ilarvirus as PNRSV and ApMV. The presence of mosaic leaves, which tend to be unevenly distributed in diseased apple trees, was correlated with the internal distribution of ApNMV. RT-PCR detection of mosaic-diseased apple trees in Japan indicated that ApNMV was detected in apple trees introduced from China, whereas ApMV was detected from cultivated apple trees in domestic orchards. Consistent with these findings, a survey of mosaic-diseased apple trees in major apple-producing provinces in China revealed that the majority of apple trees showing mosaic symptoms in China are infected with ApNMV.  相似文献   

Thermogravimetric evaluation of chitin degradation in soil: implication for the enhancement of ammonification of native organic nitrogen by chitin addition     

Yuta Kumeta  Kaori Inami  Kozue Ishimaru  Yasushi Yamazaki  Reiko Sameshima-Saito 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(4):512-519

Degradation of chitin, which is an aminopolysaccharide used as a soil amendment, has been often monitored in soil via its degradation products such as carbon dioxide and ammonium. We report here the applicability of thermogravimetry to measure the amount of chitin added to soil. The maximum pyrolysis rate of the upland surface soil of Brown Forest soil supplemented with chitin was strongly correlated with added chitin content (r = 0.999) when the content exceeded 6.0 g kg^?1. The maximum pyrolysis rates of chitin-added soil (around 385°C) was distinctive from those of soil supplemented with cellulose, chitosan, N-acetylglucosamine, and N,N’-diacetylchitobiose (around 340°C, 300°C, 200°C, and 240°C, respectively), indicating the specific detection of chitin. Soil incubation study demonstrated that 60 g kg^?1 chitin added to the soil declined exponentially (r = 0.993) within days and could not be detected at 90 days after the addition of chitin. Total carbon (C) content also decreased within days whereas total nitrogen (N) remained almost constant over the 90 days. The amount of ammonium-N increased in the initial 30 days after the addition of chitin and reached about 3.6 g kg^?1, which corresponded to the amount of N in the added chitin (4.1 g kg^?1) while the amount of nitrite-N and nitrate-N were below 2.0 and 15 mg kg^?1, respectively. Comparison of the measured ammonium-N and total-C contents with those calculated from the measured chitin-content implied that addition of chitin enhanced degradation of native organic compounds in soil.  相似文献   

Pathology in practice. Pemphigus foliaceous     

Camus MS  Austel MG  Woolums AR  Stone CA  Tennent-Brown BS  Sakamoto K 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2010,237(9):1041-1043

  相似文献   

Supplementing transglucosidase with a high-fiber diet for prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic dogs     

Toshinori Sako  Akihiro Mori  Peter Lee  Hiroshi Goto  Hiroko Fukuta  Hitomi Oda  Kaori Saeki  Yohei Miki  Yuki Makino  Katsumi Ishioka  Hisashi Mizutani  Yuzo Kojima  Satoshi Koikeda  Toshiro Arai 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(2):161-172

Indigestible oligosaccharides have been shown to normalize blood glucose and insulin concentration thereby promoting good health and preventing diseases, such as diabetes. Transglucosidase (TG, α-glucosidase, enzyme code (EC) 3.2.1.20) is an enzyme capable of converting starch to oligosaccharides, such as iso-malto-oligosaccharides from maltose, via the action of amylase. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether oral administration of TG with maltose or dextrin is capable of reducing post-prandial serum glucose concentration in experimentally streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic dogs fed on a high-fiber diet. Five healthy and five STZ-induced diabetic dogs were employed in this study. TG supplementation with dextrin or maltose had no detrimental effect in healthy dogs. In fact, TG and dextrin exhibited a flatlined serum glucose pattern, while reducing mean post-prandial serum insulin and glucose concentration as compared to control diet alone. When TG supplementation was tested in STZ-induced diabetic dogs under the context of a high fiber diet, a 13.8% and 23.9% reduction in mean glucose concentration for TG with maltose and dextrin, respectively was observed. Moreover, TG with dextrin resulted in a 13% lower mean post-prandial glucose concentration than TG with maltose, suggesting that dextrin may be a more efficient substrate than maltose when used at the same concentration (1 g/kg). Our results indicate that TG supplementation with diet can lead to lower postprandial glucose levels versus diet alone. However, the efficacy of TG supplementation may depend on the type of diet it is supplemented with. As such, TG administration may be useful for preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus and in its management in dogs.  相似文献   

Modeling the effects of N application on growth,yield and plant properties associated with the occurrence of chalky grains of rice     

Hiroe Yoshida  Kunihiko Takehisa  Toshihiko Kojima  Hiroyuki Ohno  Kaori Sasaki 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):30-42

The objective of this study was to propose a model for explaining rice responses to a wide range of N application rates in various growth attributes associated with the occurrence of chalky grains. We improved the sub-model for N uptake process of a previous rice model which was originally developed for explaining genotypic and environmental variations in the whole growth processes, considering the difference in the rate of N loss from the plant-soil system between indigenously supplied soil mineral N and fertilizer N. A total of 80 growth datasets of cultivar ‘Koshihikari’ grown at Shiga prefecture, Japan, in 2010 was utilized for the calibration and validation of the model. The rice growth model well explained the above-ground biomass growth (RMSD = 78.7 g m^?2) and rough dry grain yield (RMSD = 83.2 g m^?2) for the validation data-set, simultaneously. The simulated carbohydrate content available per single spikelet was negatively correlated with the observed percentage of the milky-white grain which includes white-cored grain (r = ?.77, p < .001) for all the data-sets of calibration and validation. On the other hand, the observed percentage of the sum of white-back and white-base grains was closely correlated with the simulated plant N content available per single spikelet (r = ?.59, p < .001). It was suggested that the present rice growth model would rationally explain the effects of N application on the occurrence of the chalky grains through the dynamic change of the carbohydrate content and plant N content available per single spikelet.  相似文献