Interspecific differences in the post-settlement survival of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acropora</Emphasis> corals under a common garden experiment     

Go Suzuki  Wataru Okada  Youko Yasutake  Sayaka Kai  Yuji Fujikura  Iwao Tanita  Hiroshi Yamashita  Takeshi Hayashibara  Wataru Ando  Koichi Nogami  Masayuki Fudo 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(5):849-856

Extremely low post-settlement survival is one of the largest barriers for artificial rehabilitation of Acropora corals. However, little data have been found for interspecific difference of the post-settlement survival probably because the observation of coral juvenile is difficult in the field. Here, we analyzed the survival of three dominant species of Acropora corals (A. digitifera, A. tenuis, A. yongei), with different colony morphologies and habitat preferences, for 2 years after settlement under the same environmental conditions. The post-settlement survival was significantly higher for A. tenuis than for A. digitifera 3 months after settlement. Two years later, the survival rate of A. tenuis was approximately 15 times higher than A. digitifera. In a separate analysis of three bottle-brush species (A. awi, A. echinata, A. subglabra) and A. tenuis, post-settlement survival was always higher for A. awi than for other two bottle-brush species, suggesting that the initial survival was different among morphologically sister species. Low survival was possibly associated with slow growth rates during the first 7 months. Thus, species selection is important for successful artificial coral rehabilitation, with A. tenuis being the most viable option. Alternatively, new techniques are required to improve post-settlement survival of slow growing coral species.  相似文献   

Parasitic weed management by using strigolactone‐degrading fungi          下载免费PDF全文

Angela Boari  Biancamaria Ciasca  Rocío Pineda‐Martos  Veronica MT Lattanzio  Koichi Yoneyama  Maurizio Vurro 《Pest management science》2016,72(11):2043-2047

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Simultaneous selection for nutritive value and agronomic traits in timothy (Phleum pratense L.)     

Kazunori Ashikaga  Tsuneki Tanaka  Hiroki Fujii  Hiroyuki Tamaki  Koichi Sato 《Euphytica》2016,208(2):237-250

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Shifts in the composition and potential functions of soil microbial communities responding to a no-tillage practice and bagasse mulching on a sugarcane plantation     

Toshiko Miura  Ainin Niswati  I. G. Swibawa  Sri Haryani  Heru Gunito  Miwa Arai  Kenta Yamada  Satoshi Shimano  Nobuhiro Kaneko  Koichi Fujie 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(3):307-322

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Mechanism of the rice hull‐induced germination of Monochoria vaginalis seeds in darkness     

Takao Yokota  Hiromi Handa  Yumiko Yamada  Koichi Yoneyama  Yasutomo Takeuchi 《Weed Biology and Management》2014,14(2):138-144

The seeds of Monochoria vaginalis require light to germinate. However, they are able to germinate in darkness in the presence of rice hulls. The mechanism of this phenomenon was investigated in this study, in which only the unsterilized seeds of Monochoria were induced to germinate by the presence of a rice hull extract. The rice hull extract was able to be replaced by either a mixture of amino acids and phosphate or a yeast extract. The culture media in which germination was observed always showed turbidity, indicating the propagation of bacteria, which were identified as Bacillus sp., Pedobacter sp., Pantoea sp. and Sphingomonas sp. Treatment with the individual bacterial species or combinations of these bacteria induced Monochoria seed germination when added to the media containing the rice hull extract. It was concluded that the rice hull extract accelerates the propagation of bacteria, which in turn digest the seed coat of Monochoria, facilitating its germination.  相似文献   

Effects of GH gene polymorphism and sex on carcass traits and fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle     

Astrid ARDIYANTI  Yoshie OKI  Yoshihito SUDA  Keiichi SUZUKI  Koichi CHIKUNI  Yoshiaki OBARA  Kazuo KATOH 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(1):62-69

To investigate the effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene polymorphism on carcass traits and fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle caused by nucleotide substitution of CTG (allele A)/GTG (allele B) at codon 127 and of ACG (allele A and B)/ATG (allele C) at codon 172 of bGH, GH genotypes of 135 cattle were determined using allele specific-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allele A gave greater rib thickness and lower melting point of fat (MP) while allele B gave higher C18:1% ( P  < 0.05). Allele C gave higher C18:1, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) percentages ( P  < 0.05). It also gave lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) percentages, higher MUFA/SFA and USFA/SFA ratios, and lower MP ( P  < 0.05). Interactions of sex and GH alleles were analyzed. In heifers, allele A gave higher carcass weight, daily carcass gain, rib eye area, rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, and BMS while allele B gave greater rib eye area and rib thickness ( P  < 0.05). Allele C gave higher C18:1 ( P  < 0.01), MUFA ( P  < 0.01), USFA percentages ( P  < 0.05) and MUFA/SFA and USFA/SFA ratios ( P  < 0.01), and lower C16:0 and SFA percentages ( P  < 0.05) and MP ( P  < 0.01). GH gene polymorphism affected carcass traits and fatty acid compositions although the effects were more pronounced in heifers.  相似文献   

Cloning and expression analysis of a cDNA partially encoding glutamate dehydrogenase in lettuce during storage     

Dulal Chandra  Toshiyuki Matsui  Haruo Suzuki  Yusuke Kosugi  Koichi Fujimura 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(2):73-78

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Actions of quinolizidine alkaloids on Periplaneta americana nicotinic acetylcholine receptors     

Liu L  Alam MS  Hirata K  Matsuda K  Ozoe Y 《Pest management science》2008,64(12):1222-1228

BACKGROUND: Botanical insecticides do not play a major role as crop protectants, but they are beneficial in some applications. The authors investigated the actions of naturally occurring alkaloids on insect nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs) by evaluating their abilities to inhibit specific binding of [³H]imidacloprid (IMI) to nerve‐cord membranes from Periplaneta americana L. Two alkaloids were also tested for their actions on nAChRs expressed by cockroach neurons using patch‐clamp electrophysiology. RESULTS: Four natural quinolizidine alkaloids (matrine, sophocarpine, cytisine and aloperine) exhibited more than 50% inhibition of [³H]IMI binding at 10 µM , although other compounds were found to have no or low inhibitory activity. The rank order of potency based on concentration–inhibition curves was cytisine > sophocarpine ≥ aloperine ≥ matrine. Patch‐clamp analysis indicated that sophocarpine and aloperine were not agonists of nAChRs expressed in P. americana neurons, yet, at 10 µM , aloperine, but not sophocarpine, suppressed ACh‐induced inward currents significantly. CONCLUSION: Three of the four natural alkaloids tested possess structural moieties that are necessary for interaction with P. americana nAChRs. Aloperine, which possesses a unique structure and showed a distinctive dose–response curve, was found to act as an antagonist. Appropriate modifications of these alkaloids might result in novel insecticidal nAChR ligands. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

The beneficial effects of horse trekking on autonomic nervous activity in experienced rider with no disability          下载免费PDF全文

Akihiro Matsuura  Haruhiro Maruta  Tomohiko Iwatake  Takashi Kumagai  Toshihiko Nakanowatari  Koichi Hodate 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):173-179

The aim of this study was to determine whether autonomic nervous activity of a rider with no disability was altered by one practical and applicable horse trekking (HT) exercise. Changes in autonomic nervous activity were analyzed by heart rate variability (HRV). Twenty‐three participants with no disability rode horses along a predetermined HT course at trotting and walking for 60 min. HRV was sampled at 60 min before and immediately, following 60 min, and 120 min after HT. As a control, the same measurements were performed for 22 age‐matched participants during their rest. Only in the HT group, the value of normalized unit in high frequency component (HF nu), an index of parasympathetic nervous activity, was higher at 120 min after treatment than before HT (P < 0.05). The low / high frequency ratio (LF / HF), believed to reflect sympathetic nervous activity, was lower in the HT group than those in the control group at 60 min (P < 0.05) and 120 min after treatment (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that a single HT shifted the autonomic nervous balance of a rider toward parasympathetic dominance. The results obtained by the present study could accelerate the use of horses for human health.  相似文献   

A physically based FVM watershed model fully coupling surface and subsurface water flows     

Junichiro Takeuchi  Toshihiko Kawachi  Chie Imagawa  Natsuki Buma  Koichi Unami  Shigeya Maeda 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(2):145-156

A sophisticated modeling approach for simulating-coupled surface and subsurface flows in a watershed is presented. The watershed model developed is a spatially distributed physically based model of composite dimension, consisting of 3-D variably saturated groundwater flow submodel, 2-D overland flow submodel and 1-D river flow submodel. The 3-D subsurface flow is represented by the complete Richards equation, while the 2-D and 1-D surface flows by the diffusive approximations of their complete dynamic equations. For piecewise integration of these equations, the finite volume method (FVM) is employed assuming unknown variables such as the water depth and the pressure head to be volume-averaged state ones. Problem plane geometry is meshed with the unstructured cells of triangular shape which conforms to external as well as internal irregular boundaries such as those between 1-D and 2-D flows. A cell size controlling scheme, referred to as quasi-adaptive meshing scheme, is introduced to keep the local discretization errors caused by topographic elevation gradient even over the entire-meshed geometry. Performance of the model is tested through its practical application to a rugged intermountain watershed. Tuning the values of the three key parameters ensures successful calibration of the model. Once the model is so calibrated, it could reproduce satisfactory runoff response to any rainfall event. Expansion and shrinkage of the contributing area importantly affecting the direct runoff, caused by the vicissitude of rainfall during its total duration, are well reproduced, like what the commonly accepted runoff theory argues. It is thus concluded that the model developed could serve as a powerful watershed simulator usable for investigating and assessing the hydrological aspect of a watershed.  相似文献