Postharvest UV-C irradiation on cut Freesia hybrida L. inflorescences suppresses petal specking caused by Botrytis cinerea     

Anastasios I. Darras  Daryl C. Joyce  Leon A. Terry 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2010,55(3):186-188

Postharvest petal specking caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major concern for freesia growers and sellers in Holland and the UK. Germicidal and inducible host defence effects of UV-C irradiation were evaluated. UV-C irradiation of freesia inflorescences after artificial inoculation with B. cinerea (i.e. the germicidal effect) was more effective in reducing petal specking, compared to UV-C treatment before artificial inoculation (i.e. the defence induction effect). Cut freesia inflorescences exposed to 1 kJ m^?2 UV-C after artificial inoculation with 10⁴ B. cinerea conidia mL^?1 displayed reduced disease severity scores, lesion numbers and lesion diameters by 74, 68 and 14%, respectively, compared to non-irradiated control inflorescences. In contrast, UV-C irradiation with 1 kJ m^?2 before artificial inoculation reduced lesion numbers and lesion diameters by 13 and 24%, compared to the non-irradiated controls. Higher UV-C doses of 2.5 or 5 kJ m^?2 reduced disease severity scores, lesion numbers and lesion diameters when applied after artificial inoculation, but enhanced disease when applied before artificial inoculation. Vase life of cut freesia inflorescences irradiated with 0.5, 1 or 2.5 kJ m^?2 UV-C was maintained equal to non-irradiated controls. However, 5 kJ m^?2 resulted in phytotoxicity evident as petal discoloration and reduced vase life compared to non-irradiated inflorescences.  相似文献   

Embryonic and larval development of garpike from the Adriatic Sea     

Jakov DULČIĆ  Branimir BAŽDARIĆ  Leon GRUBIŠIĆ  Pero TUTMAN  Branko DRAGIČEVIĆ 《Integrative zoology》2009,4(3):272-276

Although information about embryonic and larval development of garpike, Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761), is present in the published literature, the bulk of research concerns garpike from the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea. The present work describes the embryonic and larval development of garpike, Belone belone, from the Adriatic Sea, and methods used for incubation of fertilized eggs in aquarium conditions. Because garpike is, as suggested by some authors, divided into subspecies, we conclude that some differences in embryonic development could also be expected. In the present study, eggs were fertilized using the dry fertilization method and were incubated in a tank equipped with aeration and constant sea water flow. Salinity and content of dissolved oxygen were constant, and the temperature varied between 19.4 and 22.3°C. Eggs were spherical, measuring 3071.9 ± 75.73 μm in diameter. Yolk sacs were homogeneous and did not contain oil globules. The first larvae hatched 329 h and 47 min after fertilization. Absorption of the yolk sac occurred 17 h – 48 h after hatching and the total length of newly hatched larvae was 9.78 mm. The peculiarities observed in the embryonic and early larval development are evidence of an exceptional plasticity and adaptive potential, which could be considered as helpful features in extending the natural range of occurrence of this species.  相似文献   

Real-time RT-PCR quantification of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A mRNA abundance in bovine granulosa and theca cells: effects of hormones in vitro     

Aad PY  Voge JL  Santiago CA  Malayer JR  Spicer LJ 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2006,31(4):357-372

Ovarian follicular growth and dominance are controlled by a series of hormonal and intraovarian events including a decrease in intrafollicular IGF-binding proteins −2, −4 and −5 levels. Proteolytic enzymes such as pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) degrade IGFBPs and increase bioavailability of IGF-I and -II during follicular development. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of IGF-I, IGF-II, insulin (INS), LH, FSH, estradiol (E2), leptin or cortisol on ovarian PAPP-A mRNA levels. Granulosa (GC) from small (SM) (1–5 mm) and large (LG) (8–22 mm) follicles as well as theca cells (TC) from LG follicles were collected from bovine ovaries and cultured for 48 h in medium containing 10% FCS and then treated with various hormones in serum-free medium for an additional 24 h. Cells were treated with various concentrations (3–500 ng/ml) and combinations of IGF-I, IGF-II, FSH, LH, E2, INS, leptin and (or) cortisol for 24 h (Experiments 1–10). PAPP-A mRNA levels were measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. In SM-GC and LG-GC, none of the treatments significantly affected (P > 0.10) PAPP-A mRNA abundance. In LG-TC, IGF-I, LH or cortisol did not affect (P > 0.10) PAPP-A mRNA levels, whereas INS with or without LH decreased (P < 0.05) PAPP-A mRNA. E2 alone decreased PAPP-A mRNA levels in LG-TC, and E2 amplified the insulin-induced inhibition of PAPP-A mRNA abundance in LG-TC. We conclude that control of PAPP-A mRNA abundance in granulosa and theca cells differs, and that E2 may be part of an intraovarian negative feedback system which may reduce the bioavailable IGFs in the theca layer during growth and selection of follicles.  相似文献   

Avian tuberculosis of zoonotic importance at a zoo on the Bogotá Andean plateau (Sabana), Colombia     

Angela del Pilar Silva  Clara Inés Leon  Martha Inírida Guerrero  Rafael Neira  Leonardo Arias  German Rodriguez 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2009,50(8):841-845

Given that exposure to captive wild animals at circuses or zoos can be a source of zoonotic infection, a case and control study was carried out with a collection of exotic fowl at a zoo in Bogotá, Colombia. The presence of Mycobacterium avium-II was directly related to the death of birds kept in the original enclosure, and of 50% of a group of sentinel birds. Failure to detect the organism in a control group of birds outside the enclosure indicated that the infection was limited to the original enclosed area. We demonstrated that M. gordonae-IV was disseminated in all organs from 1 bird with macroscopic granulomatous lesion, a finding which has not been reported previously. We emphasize the importance of establishing handling norms to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission.  相似文献   

Essentials of toxicology: Second edition. Ted A. Loomis,Lea & Febiger,Philadelphia, 1974     

Leon Golberg 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):303

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Severe calcinosis cutis associated with treatment of hypoparathyroidism in a dog.     

M Schaer  P E Ginn  L E Fox  J Leon  F M Ramirez 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2001,37(4):364-369

A 6-month-old, female border collie was referred for evaluation of hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, fever, and painful ventral abdominal skin. She had recently been treated intravenously and subcutaneously (SC) with a diluted 10% calcium gluconate solution. The medical evaluation supported the diagnosis of primary hypoparathyroidism, but the subsequent hospital course was complicated by severe calcinosis cutis, which caused extensive skin necrosis and marked debilitation. This patient illustrates that administration of a calcium gluconate solution SC can be associated with extensive morbidity when administered to hyperphosphatemic patients.  相似文献   

Comparison of targeting F and G protein genes to detect bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses.     

Nasser Z Eleraky  Stephen A Kania  James F Evermann  Leon N D Potgieter 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(3):277-280

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In Memoriam     

Dr  Arnold Leon 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2007,10(4):267-267

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Inheritance of tolerance to zinc deficiency in barley     

Y. Genc    K. W. Shepherd    G. K. Mcdonald  R. D. Graham  J. Leon 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(3):283-284

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is often grown on alkaline zinc (Zn)‐deficient soils where reductions in yield and grain quality are frequently reported. Currently, the use of Zn‐based fertilizer along with Zn‐deficiency‐tolerant genotypes is considered the most thorough approach for cropping the Zn‐deficient soils; however, developing or breeding genotypes with higher Zn efficiency requires a good understanding of the inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency. This study was conducted to determine genetic control of this trait in barley. Two parental cultivars ('Skiff, moderately tolerant; and ‘Forrest’, sensitive), 185 F₂ plants, and 48 F₂‐derived F₃ families from this cross were screened to determine inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency using a visual score of deficiency symptoms. The segregation ratios observed indicated that greater tolerance to Zn deficiency in ‘Skiff compared with ‘Forrest’ at the seedling stage is controlled by a single gene with no dominance. The results also indicate that visual scores are useful for genetic analysis of tolerance to Zn deficiency.  相似文献   

Reversible denaturation of Brazil nut 2S albumin (Ber e1) and implication of structural destabilization on digestion by pepsin     

Koppelman SJ  Nieuwenhuizen WF  Gaspari M  Knippels LM  Penninks AH  Knol EF  Hefle SL  de Jongh HH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(1):123-131

The high resistance of Brazil nut 2S albumin, previously identified as an allergen, against proteolysis by pepsin was examined in this work. Although the denaturation temperature of this protein exceeds the 110 degrees C at neutral pH, at low pH a fully reversible thermal denaturation was observed at approximately 82 degrees C. The poor digestibility of the protein by pepsin illustrates the tight globular packing. Chemical processing (i.e., subsequent reduction and alkylation of the protein) was used to destabilize the globular fold. Far-UV circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy showed that the reduced and alkylated form had lost its beta-structures, whereas the alpha-helix content was conserved. The free energy of stabilization of the globular fold of the processed protein as assessed by a guanidine titration study was only 30-40% of that of the native form. Size exclusion chromatography indicated that the heavy chain lost its globular character once separated from the native 2S albumin. The consequences of these changes in structural stability for degradation by pepsin were analyzed using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Whereas native 2S albumin was digested slowly in 1 h, the reduced and alkylated protein was digested completely within 30 s. These results are discussed in view of the potential allergenicity of Brazil nut 2S albumin.  相似文献