Aspects of forest restoration and hydrology:the hydrological function of litterOA     

Luara Castilho Pereira  Leonardo Balbinot  Marcelle Teodoro Lima  Julieta Bramorski  Kelly Cristina Tonello 《林业研究》2022,(2):543-552

Although forests play important roles in the hydrological cycle,there is little information that relates the water retention capacity of litter in areas under passive restoration,especially in Cerrado savannas.This study relates litter levels to water holding capacity and effective water retention among forest fragments under different passive restoration stages:46,11,and 8 years to better understand litter hydrological functions in the Cerrado.Water retention c apacity and effective water reten...  相似文献   

Soil microbiome biomass,activity, composition and CO2 emissions in a long-term organic and conventional farming systems     

Margherita Santoni  Leonardo Verdi  Shamina Imran Pathan  Marco Napoli  Anna Dalla Marta  Francesca Romana Dani  Gaio Cesare Pacini  Maria Teresa Ceccherini 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(1):588-605

The implementation of environmentally friendly agricultural policies has increased the need to compare agricultural aspects of conventional (CON) and organic farming (ORG) systems. The objective of the present work was to compare the effects of an organic and conventional long-term experiment on bacterial and fungal biomass and activity, as well as soil CO₂ emission and readily available nitrogen forms in a soil cultivated with Helianthus annuus L. The microbial biomass was more active and abundant in ORG as well as soil CO₂ emission. Despite being less abundant, fungi were more active than bacteria in both ORG and CON experiments. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the ORG treatment had a significantly greater bacterial richness than CON. Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla contributing more than others to the differences between the two systems. Moreover, the soil ${\mathit{NH}}_4^{+}$ and ${\mathit{NO}}_2^{-}$ content was not significantly different between ORG and CON, while ${\mathit{NO}}_3^{-}$ was less in ORG. ORG sunflower yield was significantly less compared with CON. While much remains to be discovered about the effects of these agricultural practices on soil chemical properties and microbial diversity, our findings may contribute to this type of investigation.  相似文献   

Protected areas and native freshwater bivalves are not in the same place in south-east Brazil     

Igor Christo Miyahira  Maria Cristina Dreher Mansur  Luiz Eduardo Macedo de Lacerda  Isabela Cristina Brito Gonçalves  Glauco Gil Sant'Anna  Sonia Barbosa dos Santos 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2023,33(1):102-114

1. Bivalves are important components of freshwater ecosystems; however, they are also one of the most threatened animal groups, especially members of the order Unionida. The main threats to freshwater bivalves are habitat modification and invasive species. Protected areas are a common way to minimize impacts and preserve native species, but they are rarely designated with a focus on freshwater invertebrates.
2. The main goal of this article was to describe the distribution of freshwater bivalves in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and the relationship between these species and bioclimatic areas, land use and protected areas.
3. Five native and two invasive bivalve species have been reported in Rio de Janeiro. They occur mainly in bioclimatic areas related to the Paraíba do Sul River and Campista Lowlands. The few records of bivalves inside protected areas are in areas of sustainable use that offer a lower level of protection, and frequently in sympatry with invasive bivalves.
4. Thus, the established protected areas in Rio de Janeiro are not adequately effective for freshwater bivalve conservation, and some species remain under threat even within them. Freshwater bivalves thus remain largely unprotected in the state.
5. The development of new protected areas and management plans should consider other faunal groups that are usually ignored, such as freshwater bivalves, to achieve more inclusive and effective protection.

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