Characterization of a γ-tocopherol methyltransferase mutant gene in wild (Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieb.) and cultivated safflower (C. tinctorius L.)     

María J. García-Moreno  José M. Fernández-Martínez  Leonardo Velasco  Begoña Pérez-Vich 《Euphytica》2014,200(2):231-238

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds contain a high proportion of tocopherols (>90 %) in the α-tocopherol form. A mutant with a high concentration of γ-tocopherol (>85 %) was identified in germplasm of wild safflower (Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieb.) that showed strong introgression of C. tinctorius, which allowed selection of individuals of both species with high concentrations of either α- or γ-tocopherol. The trait is controlled by a γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) locus. The objective of this research was to identify γ-TMT sequence mutations associated with the high γ-tocopherol trait. Full length genomic and cDNA sequences of the γ-TMT gene were obtained from plants of C. tinctorius and C. oxyacanthus with both tocopherol profiles. Sequences from high γ-tocopherol plants showed an 11 bp deletion in exon 6 of the γ-TMT gene that disrupted the reading frame and created a premature stop codon, resulting in a predicted protein with a drastically altered amino acid sequence downstream the frameshift site. The data suggested that the frameshift mutation was underlying the γ-TMT loss of function mutant allele that determines the high γ-tocopherol phenotype. The characterized sequence change of 11 bp deletion could be used directly as a functional marker for introgression of the high γ-tocopherol trait into elite safflower cultivars.  相似文献   

Genetic progress during 22 years of black bean improvement     

Luis Cláudio de Faria  Patrícia Guimarães Santos Melo  Helton Santos Pereira  Adriane Wendland  Simone Ferreira Borges  Israel Alexandre Pereira Filho  José Luiz Cabrera Diaz  Marcelo Calgaro  Leonardo Cunha Melo 《Euphytica》2014,199(3):261-272

The common bean breeding program coordinated by Embrapa Arroz e Feijão released 50 new cultivars from 1984 to 2010. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic progress in terms of seed yield and other agronomic traits achieved by the black-type common bean breeding program in Brazil over the 22-year period from 1985 to 2006. Two types of field experiments were performed to assess genetic progress. In regard to experiments on lines, the three best breeding lines from each of 11 evaluation cycles constituted 33 treatments. These evaluations were made in 20 environments and served to estimate progress in seed yield and seed size because these were the criteria applied in selecting the elite lines. Cultivar evaluations included nine cultivars recommended by Embrapa during the period under investigation, and the evaluations were established in 21 environments. These evaluations served to estimate improvements in reaction to angular leaf spot, plant architecture and tolerance to lodging because cultivars usually exhibit superior phenotypes for such characteristics. Evaluations were performed from 2008 to 2010. Estimated improvement in seed yield was 25.2 kg ha^?1 or 1.1 % per year. Improvements were also found in tolerance to lodging (1.7 % per year) and 100-seed weight (0.65 % per year). There was no significant progress for the plant architecture and resistance to angular leaf spot traits.  相似文献   

Tissue‐print and squash real‐time PCR for direct detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ species in citrus plants and psyllid vectors     

E. Bertolini  R. T. A. Felipe  A. V. Sauer  S. A. Lopes  A. Arilla  E. Vidal  F. A. A. Mourão Filho  W. M. C. Nunes  J. M. Bové  M. M. López  M. Cambra 《Plant pathology》2014,63(5):1149-1158

Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is seriously threatening and/or damaging the citrus industry worldwide. Accurate detection of the three species associated with HLB disease, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter africanus’ and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’, is essential for the preventive control of the disease. Real‐time PCR is a useful tool for bacterial detection. However, nucleic acid purification steps limit the number of samples that can be processed by PCR. Universal detection of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ species was achieved by direct tissue‐printing and spotting of plant leaf petiole extracts or squashing of individual psyllids onto paper or nylon membranes. Primers were designed and used with TaqMan chemistry for accurate detection of the bacterium in immobilized targets (prints of 10 overlapping leaf pedicels per tree, or squashed single vectors), by extraction with water and direct use for real‐time PCR. This simplified method was validated and could detect HLB‐liberibacters in 100% of leaves with symptoms and 59% of symptomless leaves collected from HLB‐infected trees. The use of direct assays as template showed good agreement with use of purified DNA (κ = 0·76 ± 0·052). The squash assay allowed detection of the bacterium in 40% of mature Diaphorina citri that fed on leaves of HLB‐infected trees with or without symptoms. A commercial ready‐made kit based on this technology showed 96% accuracy in intra‐laboratory performance studies. The simplified direct methods of sample preparation presented herein can be effectively adopted for use in rapid screening of HLB agents in extensive surveys, certification schemes or for epidemiological and research studies.  相似文献   

Studies on the colonization of axenically grown tomato plants by a GFP-tagged strain of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis     

Flávia M. Vieira Lelis  Robert Czajkowski  Ricardo Magela de Souza  Daniel H. Ribeiro  Jan M. van der Wolf 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(1):53-66

In this study, colonization and disease development of axenically-grown tomato plants by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causative agent of bacterial wilt and canker, was investigated. For this, a spontaneous rifampicin resistant strain of Cmm was tagged with a marker that expressed a green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a stable way and which possessed a similar virulence to the parental strain. In vitro plants were drop-inoculated at the stem base and the population dynamics was determined by dilution pour-plating in a selective medium. At 3 h after inoculation, Cmm was already present in low densities in roots, stems and leaves. At 16 dpi, Cmm was found throughout the entire plant in high densities of ca. 10¹⁰ cfu g^?1. Symptoms developed in the in vitro plants typical for Cmm, such as canker, wilting and growth reduction. The presence of Cmm in vascular and parenchymatic tissue of in vitro tomato plants was confirmed by epifluorescence stereo- and confocal laser scanning microscopy. This study showed that in vitro tomato plants can be effectively used for detailed studies on interactions between Cmm and its host, in particular if a GFP-tagged strain of the pathogen is used.  相似文献   

High?throughput phenotyping of two plant?size traits of Eucalyptus species using neural networks     

Marcus Vinicius Vieira Borges  Janielle de Oliveira Garcia  Tays Silva Batista  Alexsandra Nogueira Martins Silva  Fabio Henrique Rojo Baio  Carlos Ant?nio da Silva Junior  Gileno Brito de Azevedo  Glauce Taís de Oliveira Sousa Azevedo  Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro  Paulo Eduardo Teodoro 《林业研究》2022,(2):591-599

In forest modeling to estimate the volume of wood, artificial intelligence has been shown to be quite effi-cient, especially using artificial neural networks (A...  相似文献   

Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from the North of Portugal     

Luís Cardoso  Joana Tuna  Lisete Vieira  Yael Yisaschar-Mekuzas  Gad Baneth 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(2):232-233

Tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogens belonging to the Ehrlichia and Anaplasma genera can infect dogs and humans. In this study, four dogs from the North of Portugal, in which an ehrlichial disease was suspected clinically, were tested by molecular methods. After DNA extraction from blood on filter paper, a 345 bp fragment of the Ehrlichia/Anaplasma 16S rRNA gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence analysis of PCR products revealed one dog infected with Ehrlichia canis and three with Anaplasma platys. One of these latter animals was co-infected with Babesia canis subspecies vogeli. This is the first report of the genetic characterisation of both A. platys and E. canis in naturally infected dogs from the North of Portugal.  相似文献   

Cutaneous mycoflora and CD4:CD8 ratio of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus     

Archivaldo Reche  Alexandre G.T. Daniel  Telma C.P. Lazaro Strauss  Carlos P. Taborda  Shirlei A. Vieira Marques  Kátia Haipek  Lilian J. Oliveira  Janaína M. Monteiro  José R. Kfoury 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(4):355-358

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Water submersion of seeds from three bean cultivars     

Geraldo Henrique Martins Vieira  Joice Yuri Minamiguchi  Edna Antonia Torquato de Agostini  Charlotte E. Seal  Angélica Augusta Grigoli  Nelson Barbosa Machado Neto 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):51-60

Tropical areas exhibit torrential rains, and when the rate of soil drainage is slower than the rate of precipitation, rapid flooding can result which can lead to germination failure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of three bean cultivars (IPR-139, Pérola and IPR-Tiziu) to submersion in water for different time periods (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 h). Seeds were evaluated for moisture content, electrical conductivity, leached ethanol, germination percentage and vigour classification, length and dry weight of roots and shoots, proline content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (an antioxidant enzyme). Increasing the submersion time resulted in decreased germination, vigour and growth, with increased electrical conductivity and leaching of ethanol. Just 1 h of submersion was enough for early differences to be evident among cultivars. The SOD activity was near constant during submersion in all cultivars. Overall, IPR-139 was the most susceptible to submersion, and IPR-Tiziu was the most tolerant cultivar. The tolerance of IRP-Tiziu was related to the high proline content in dry seeds and proline consumption during the submersion period.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Fusarium graminearum inoculation methods in maize ears and hybrid reaction to Gibberella ear rot under southern Brazilian environmental conditions     

Francine R. Nerbass  Ricardo T. Casa  Paulo Roberto Kuhnem  Amauri Bogo  Luis Sangoi  Maiquiel D. Fingstag  José A. L. Vieira Junior  Juan C. Stoltz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,144(1):45-53

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Effects of different dietary lipid levels and fatty acids profile in the culture of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in biofloc technology: water quality,biofloc composition,growth and health          下载免费PDF全文

Tárik Massucci Toledo  Bruno Corrêa Silva  Felipe do Nascimento Vieira  José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño  Walter Quadros Seiffert 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(6):1841-1851

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different dietary lipid and fatty acids on the nutritional value of bioflocs used as a feed, as well as shrimp performance and health. A total of 1800 Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (2.87 ± 0.01 g) were cultured in biofloc technology, with a density of 200 shrimp m^?2, and fed with three isoproteic experimental diets at different lipid levels (85 g kg^?1, 95 g kg^?1 and 105 g kg^?1); each treatment was performed in triplicate. After 61 days, no significant difference was observed (P > 0.05) among the water quality parameters. For the shrimp performance, significant difference was observed (P = 0.011) among the values of survival, where treatments with lower lipid levels had higher survival (92.5 ± 3.5% and 91.0 ± 2.5%). Although there are significant differences in survival, no significant differences in the total haemocytes count (THC) were observed. For other growth performance, no differences were observed (P > 0.05). A positive correlation (r = 0.75) has been observed between the dietary oleic acid and bioflocs. The bioflocs showed ‘long‐chain’ polyunsaturated fat acids (lcPUFA), especially arachidonic acid. The shrimp showed similar growth and stayed healthy at the end of the experimental period.  相似文献