Copper deficiency and effects of copper supplementation in a herd of red deer (Cervus elaphus)     

Kjell Handeland  Aksel Bernhoft  Magne S Aartun 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2008,50(1):8

Copper (Cu) deficiency was diagnosed in a Norwegian red deer (Cervus elaphus) herd subsequent to deaths due to emaciation in late autumn 1999. The animals had free access to salt licks containing 3000 mg Cu/kg. An evaluation of the herd revealed poor calf growth rate, low weights of adult hinds, dull and light-coloured hair coats and cases of diarrhoea. The herd was subsequently monitored throughout a three-year period of Cu-supplementation. The monitoring regimen included clinical observation, copper serum examination, weighing, faecal parasitological examination, and reproduction control by ultrasound. During the period January 2000 to May 2001, the animals were treated with Cu oxid capsules (1 g CuO/10 kg liveweight) at 2–4 months intervals, with the exception of March to September 2000. The animals were fed continuously with Cu-enriched concentrates containing 300 mg Cu/kg, at a rate of 1/2 kg per head and day, from May 2001 to January 2003. Following both copper supplementation regimens adequate serum Cu concentrations were measured, and markedly improved body weights, coat quality and reproductive results were observed, except for the period from March to September 2000 when no treatment was given. The results showed that in a deer herd, with a diet low in Cu, supplementation with CuO capsules had to be given at intervals of a few months to maintain adequate serum Cu levels. Free access to Cu-containing salt licks did not meet the animals'' Cu demand. Good and stable results were achieved by the daily feeding of Cu-enriched concentrates.  相似文献   

Anaesthesia of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Effect of pre‐anaesthetic sedation,and importance of body weight and water temperature     

Inger Hilde Zahl  Anders Kiessling  Ole Bent Samuelsen  Magne Kjerulf Hansen 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(9):1235-1245

The efficacy of the anaesthetic agents benzocaine, metacaine (MS‐222), metomidate, 2‐phenoxyethanol, quinaldine and isoeugenol was studied in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Fish with an average body weight of 33 g were anaesthetized at 8 °C and fish with an average body weight of 1243 g were anaesthetized at 8 and 15 °C. Agents were tested individually and as combination anaesthesia comprising pre‐anaesthetic sedation, followed by anaesthesia. Induction and recovery times varied in relation to the body weight and water temperature. Large fish had longer induction times and shorter recovery times, and displayed reduced responsiveness to handling compared with small fish. A higher temperature resulted in shorter induction times, longer recovery times and increased responsiveness to handling. Lower dosages were used for all agents in combination anaesthesia. In small fish, this had no effect on the induction times but resulted in shorter recovery times and reduced responsiveness to handling. In large fish, combination anaesthesia resulted in shorter induction times whereas no uniform trend in recovery times and no differences in responsiveness to handling were observed. Neither individual agents nor combinations blocked all reflex reactions to external stimulation in all fish of any treatment group. MS‐222 and benzocaine, used separately or in combination anaesthesia, were the most effective agents in reducing reflex reactions.  相似文献   

Production of fish protein hydrolysates step by step: technological aspects,equipment used,major energy costs and methods of their minimizing     

Inna Petrova  Ignat Tolstorebrov  Trygve Magne Eikevik 《International Aquatic Research》2018,10(3):223-241

Nowadays, there is a growing interest on how to utilize fish materials remaining from the main production and considered as unappropriated for a direct human consumption. There are numbers of possible solutions to recover valuable nutrients from that matter and one of the most efficient is the production of fish protein hydrolysate. This article is devoted to overview existing information about the production of dried fish protein hydrolysates with a focus on dehydration process during production and equipment used for moisture removal. Drying step of the production is considered as the most energy demanding and, therefore, described in detail. Questions considering energy demands of the drying are highlighted in the article together with the proposals for the improvement of energy efficiency. This work also describes source of the raw material, the main steps of the technological scheme with the equipment used and valuable information on the intermediate state of fish protein hydrolysate between the process operations.  相似文献   

Larval rearing environment influences the physiological adaptation in juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua     

Roland Koedijk  Albert Kjartansson Imsland  Arild Folkvord  Sigurd Olav Stefansson  Thor Magne Jonassen  Atle Foss 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(3):467-479

Juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, that had been fed rotifers as larvae (R group) had significantly lower growth rates (SGR) at high-ambient ammonia (UIA?=?115?C120???g?l^?1) than did juveniles that had been first fed with natural zooplankton (Z group). Overall specific growth rates (SGRs) were 5?C11% higher in the Z group at the control ammonia (UIA?=?1?C2???g?l^?1) treatments. An interaction between larval rearing history, oxygen and ammonia levels was found, as SGR decreased with decreasing oxygen levels at high ammonia in the R group, while the SGR in the Z group were less affected by hypoxia. At high-ambient ammonia, the SGRs were 5% (mild hyperoxia, 101?C104% O₂ in effluent water), 28% (normoxia, 83?C88% O₂ in effluent water) and 86% (hypoxia, 57?C69% O₂ in effluent water) higher in the Z group, compared to the R group. The present findings indicate that larval rearing environment could influence the adaptability to environmental changes and growth performance during later juvenile stage in cod. These findings have implications for the optimization of Atlantic cod culture.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of Actinobacillus lignieresii isolates from different hosts     

Branko Kokotovic  ?ystein Angen  Magne Bisgaard 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):6

Genetic diversity detected by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) of 54 Actinobacilus lignieresii isolates from different hosts and geographic localities is described. On the basis of variances in AFLP profiles, the strains were grouped in two major clusters; one comprising strains isolated from horses and infected wounds of humans bitten by horses and another consisting of strains isolated from bovine and ovine hosts. The present data indicate a comparatively higher degree of genetic diversity among strains isolated from equine hosts and confirm the existence of a separate genomospecies for A. lignieresi-like isolates from horses. Among the isolates from bovine and ovine hosts some clonal lines appear to be genetically stable over time and could be detected at very distant geographic localities. Although all ovine strains investigated grouped in a single cluster, the existence of distinct genetic lineages that have evolved specificity for ovine hosts is not obvious and needs to be confirmed in other studies.  相似文献   

The nutritional quality of some oat varieties cultivated in Norway     

Bjørn O. Eggum  Magne Gullord 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1983,32(1):67-73

The chemical composition, yield values, and protein quality were measured in 12 oat varieties cultivated in Norway. The protein quality was based on amino acid composition and true protein digestibility, biological value, net protein utilization, and utilizable protein obtained in N-balance experiments with rats. The protein concentration in dry matter varied from 10.25% to 15.69% while fat varied from 5.70% to 10.41%. The variation in readily soluble carbohydrates, crude fiber, ash, and tannin was relatively low. Dry matter yield per hectar varied from 1675 to 6222 kg. The yield of protein, fat, and essential amino acids was also highest in the variety with the highest yield. True protein digestibility was above 90% in all varieties while the biological value was in the range of 74.5%–79.6%. In contrast to most other cereal grains, protein quality was not affected by protein concentration. This resulted in utilizable protein above 10% for several of the oat varieties.  相似文献   

The effects of dietary NaCl supplement on hypo-osmoregulatory ability and sea water performance of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) smolts     

Magne Staurnes  & Bengt Finstad 《Aquaculture Research》2000,31(10):737-743

Groups of one‐year‐old smolts of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) reared under a simulated natural photoperiod were fed pelleted feed with a NaCl content of either 1.5% or 9.5% for 6 weeks before release in a river in northern Norway. There were no differences in growth before release between fish fed the two diets. Smolts fed the 9.5% NaCl diet had better hypo‐osmoregulatory ability than those fed the 1.5% diet, and a level of gill Na⁺‐K⁺‐ATPase activity that was several times higher. One of the two groups that had been fed the 9.5% NaCl diet had both a significantly higher recapture rate and growth in sea than the two groups fed the 1.5% NaCl diet, whereas this was not true for the other 9.5% NaCl diet group. The results indicate that a NaCl‐enriched diet could be used to ensure sufficient hypo‐osmoregulatory ability of charr smolts that would otherwise have insufficient regulatory ability.  相似文献   

A severe outbreak of contagious ecthyma (orf) in a free-ranging musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) population in Norway   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vikøren T  Lillehaug A  Akerstedt J  Bretten T  Haugum M  Tryland M 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,127(1-2):10-20

During July-October 2004, 19 (18 calves, 1 yearling) free-ranging musk oxen (Ovibos moschatus) at Dovre, Norway, were observed with contagious echtyma-like lesions, and 16 of them were euthanized. Six musk oxen were subjected to necropsy, histopathological and microbiological examinations. All euthanized animals had lesions consistent with contagious ecthyma presenting as wart-like, scabby lesions on the muzzle, lips, oral mucosa and limbs to a variable extent. The histopathological examination showed pustular dermatitis characterized by epidermal proliferation, reticular degeneration, degenerating keratinocytes with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, vesicopustules, microabscesses and multifocal ulcerations in the epidermis which was covered by a serocellular crust. Pathology and bacteriology showed evidence of secondary infections in the skin and draining lymph nodes. Electron microscopy (negative staining) of lesions from four animals detected parapoxvirus with the typical arrangement of the outer protein filaments. Parapoxvirus DNA was detected in tissue samples from two examined animals by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers from the B2L-gene. A DNA sequence of 326 nucleotides from the amplicon was compared with similar DNA sequences from parapoxvirus isolated from sheep, reindeer, musk ox and cattle. The outbreak was caused by a virus similar to other circulating orf virus variants in Norway. Antibodies against parapoxvirus were detected with a virus neutralization test in 3 of 35 musk oxen (8.6%) sampled at Dovre between 2004 and 2006. This is the first report of a severe outbreak of contagious ecthyma in free-ranging musk oxen.  相似文献   

Residues of Sulfadimidine/Sulfanilamide and Sulfamethoxypyridazine in Sheep Tissue     

Magne Yndestad  Bjarne Underdal 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1977,18(1):15

Following treatment of sheep with different sulfonamides, residues in kidney, liver, and muscle have been determined by microbiological and chemical methods. By the microbiological method residues could be detected in kidney until the third day after the combined treatment with sulfadimidine/sulfanilamide. Using the chemical method, residues of about 3.80 p.p.m. could be found that day in kidney, while the concentrations in liver and muscle were about 1.90 and 1.20 p.p.m., respectively. On the eighth day after the last treatment traces of the medicine could be found in kidney, liver and muscle by using the chemical method.Residues of sulfamethoxypyridazine could be detected micro-biologically in kidney the second day after the last administration of the drug. The concentration at that time in kidney, liver and muscle determined by chemical analyses was about 4.66, 2.45 and 1.23 p.p.m., respectively. Traces of sulfamethoxypyridazine in kidney, liver and muscle could also be detected on the eighth day after the last medication.Considering altered metabolic rates of sick animals and variations in excretion rates between individuals of the same species, as well as variation in size of the doses applied, a 10 day withdrawal period for sulfonamides is proposed.  相似文献   

Susceptibility of Foxes to Clostridium Botulinum Type C and E Toxins     

Magne Yndestad  Arne Helgebostad  Gudbrand Loftsgrd 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1977,18(1):23

Investigations were performed to determine the exact susceptibility of foxes to Clostridium botulinum type C and E toxins.Doses of 5 mill. MLD type C toxin mixed with the feed did not cause symptoms of botulism in either cubs or adult foxes. Subcutaneous injections of 300,100(0 MLD or more were fatal to cubs, while 750,000 MLD caused the death of all adults.Regarding type E toxin, doses of 1 mill. MLD affected neither cubs nor adults on oral administration. Subcutaneously injected doses of 5,000 MLD or more killed all cubs, while 10,000 MLD was required to produce lethal effect on adult animals.The conclusion made is that foxes are highly resistant to both type C and E Clostridium botulinum toxins following oral application. It is further revealed that foxes are 60–70 times more susceptible to type E than to type C toxin when injected subcutaneously.  相似文献