Utstein‐style guidelines on uniform reporting of in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs and cats. A RECOVER statement          下载免费PDF全文

Manuel Boller Dr med vet  MTR  DACVECC  Dan J. Fletcher DVM  PhD  DACVECC  Benjamin M. Brainard VMD  DACVECC  DACVAA  Kate Hopper BVSc  PhD  DACVECC  Vinay M. Nadkarni MD  MS  FCCM  Peter T. Morley MBBS  FRACP  FANZCA  FCICM  FERC  Maureen McMichael DVM  DACVECC  Ryohei Nishimura DVM  PhD  Joris H. Robben DVM  PhD  DECVECC  Elizabeth Rozanski DVM  DACVECC  DACVIM  Elke Rudloff DVM  DACVECC  John Rush DVM  MS  DACVIM  DACVECC  Andre Shih DVM  DACVAA  DACVECC  Sean Smarick VMD  DACVECC  Luis H. Tello MV  MS  DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(1):11-34

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Effect of cultivar and processing method on the contents of polyphenols in table olives     

Romero C  Brenes M  Yousfi K  García P  García A  Garrido A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(3):479-484

Polyphenols were determined by HPLC in the juice and oil of packed table olives. The phenolic compositions of the two phases were very different, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol being the main polyphenols in olive juice and tyrosol acetate, hydroxtyrosol acetate, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and lignans (1-acetoxypinoresinol and pinoresinol) in oil. The type of processing had a marked influence on the concentration of polyphenols in olive juice and little on the content in oil. The analyses carried out on 48 samples showed that turning color olives in brine had the highest concentration in polyphenols ( approximately 1200 mg/kg), whereas oxidized olives had the lowest ( approximately 200 mg/kg). Among olive cultivars, Manzanilla had a higher concentration than Hojiblanca and Gordal. The type of olive presentation also influenced the concentration of polyphenols in olives, decreasing in the order plain > pitted > stuffed. The results obtained in this work indicate that table olives can be considered a good source of phenolic antioxidants, although their concentration depends on olive cultivar and processing method.  相似文献   

Pigment-lipoprotein complexes in table olives (Cv. Gordal) with green staining alteration     

Gallardo-Guerrero L  Milicua JC  Salvador AM  Jarén-Galán M  Mínguez-Mosquera MI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(6):1724-1727

In table olives showing the green staining alteration, extracts of pigment-lipoprotein complexes were obtained from the zone altered and the rest of the fruit. In the altered zone of the olive, the surrounding components of pigments were affected, with the degeneration of proteins and phospholipids forming the pigment-lipoprotein complexes. There was also less interaction between the pigments and the membrane lipids. These results suggested a greater loss of cell integrity in the green-stained zone of the fruit, allowing the migration and local accumulation of Cu-metallochlorophyll complexes, macroscopically visible as the form of green staining alteration.  相似文献   

Biological aging of sherry wines using pure cultures of two flor yeast strains under controlled microaeration     

Muñoz D  Peinado RA  Medina M  Moreno J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(13):5258-5264

Sherry wines obtained after biological aging for an average of 0, 2, and 4 years were inoculated separately with the flor yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. capensis and Saccharomyces bayanus and subjected to short, periodic microaeration to a dissolved oxygen concentration of 4 mg L(-1) after formation of the yeast film. A principal component analysis with the acetaldehyde, ethanol, volatile acidity, and glycerol concentrations obtained was performed. The first principal component was found to account for 49.5% of the overall variance and to be defined mainly by glycerol and ethanol. The second component accounted for 38.8% of the variance and was defined by volatile acidity and acetaldehyde. The conditions used in the tests allowed the biological aging of the wines to be substantially shortened. Thus, 42 days after flor-film formation by S. cerevisiae var. capensis, 0- and 2-year-old wines exhibited parameter values similar to those obtained for the wine aged for 4 years. The wines inoculated with S. bayanus exhibited high acetaldehyde concentrations and ethanol levels above 15% (v/v)-sherry wines with alcohol concentrations below 14.5% are undesirable-, so one need not exclude the sequential or simultaneous inoculation of S. bayanus together with S. cerevisiae var. capensis in order to improve the biological aging process.  相似文献   

Changes in microbial biomass and microbial activity of pig slurry after the transit through the gut of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manuel Aira  Fernando Monroy  Jorge Domínguez 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):371-376

Here we studied the effects of gut transit through the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae, on the physicochemical, biochemical, and microbial characteristics of pig slurry, by analyzing fresh casts. The reduction in the dissolved organic C contents in casts we recorded suggests that during digestion, earthworms assimilated labile organic C preferentially, which is a limiting growth factor for them. Furthermore, both microbial biomass and activity in pig slurry were significantly decreased by earthworm gut transit. It appears that E. eugeniae is able to digest microorganisms, although the addition of glucose to the food increased respiration, indicating that growth of microorganisms in casts could be limited by depletion of labile C. Despite reduced microbial biomass and activity, the metabolic diversity of microbial communities was greater in casts than in original pig slurry. Community level physiological profiles obtained from Biolog Ecoplate data revealed that, after earthworm gut transit, the microbial communities in casts and pig slurry were clearly differentiated by their physiological profiles. The results indicate that first stage in vermicomposting of pig slurry by E. eugeniae, i.e., casting, produced changes that will influence the dynamics of the organic matter degradation by reducing forms of N and C available to microorganisms, hence restricting their growth and multiplication. Nevertheless, the reduced microflora of casts was characterized by an increased catabolic potential that might lead to thorough degradation of pig slurry.  相似文献   

Variation in concentrations of the fungicides tebuconazole and dichlofluanid following successive applications to greenhouse-grown lettuces     

Rial-Otero R  Arias-Estévez M  López-Periago E  Cancho-Grande B  Simal-Gándara J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(11):4471-4475

Residual levels and degradation rates of tebuconazole and dichlofluanid in lettuce plants grown in a greenhouse under agricultural conditions typical of northwestern Spain were studied. Lettuce plants were sprayed four times with a homogeneous 0.2% aqueous solution of Folicur Combi (wettable powder containing 40% dichlofluanid and 10% tebuconazole) at a rate of 2500 g/ha. Samples were collected 1, 5, and 9 days after the first two applications and at times ranging from 1 to 27 days after the last two applications. All samples were stored in a refrigerator at 4 degrees C. Fungicide levels were determined by solid-liquid extraction (SLE) followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection (GC-MSD). Recovery was good for tebuconazole (98%) but low for dichlofluanid (29%); precision was good (<10% for both analytes), and quantification limits were low (<1.5 mg/kg). Seven days after the last application, dichlofluanid levels were below the maximum allowed limit established in Spain (10 mg/kg), but tebuconazole levels were above the corresponding limit (5 mg/kg). Tebuconazole concentration dynamics was accurately fitted by zeroth- or combined first- and zeroth-order models (depending on variety), but modeling of the behavior of dichlofluanid was less satisfactory, probably due to its instability.  相似文献   

Water quality,production parameters and nutritional condition of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) grown intensively in zero water exchange mesocosms with artificial substrates     

Juan Manuel Audelo‐Naranjo  Luis Rafael Martínez‐Crdova  Domenico Voltolina  Silvia Gmez‐Jimnez 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(9):1371-1377

The effect of artificial substrates on the water quality, production parameters and nutritional condition was assessed in experimental intensive cultures of Litopenaeus vannamei grown in mesocosm units with zero water exchange. The initial stocking densities in triplicate 1000 L tanks were 600 and 800 g of juvenile shrimp (2.7 g) per unit, with (W) and without (WO) artificial substrates. There were no significant differences between the water quality parameters of the four treatments. In the tanks with the lower stocking biomass, the best survival (96.7% vs. 87.0%), growth rate (1.69 vs. 1.35 g week⁻¹), final biomass (1969.6 vs. 1516.0 g m³) and feed conversion ratio (1.30 vs. 1.90) were obtained with artificial substrates. Similar results were observed for the higher stocking biomass (90.9% vs. 74.5%, 1.50 vs. 1.13 g week⁻¹, 2221.6 vs. 1560.8 g m³, and 1.50 vs. 2.60 respectively). The nutritional condition of shrimp was improved using artificial substrates. The protein content in muscle was higher (21.6% and 20.4%) in ponds with substrates as compared with the control (21.2% and 15.9%).  相似文献   

Comparison of analytical methodologies based on 1h and 31p NMR spectroscopy with conventional methods of analysis for the determination of some olive oil constituents     

Dais P  Spyros A  Christophoridou S  Hatzakis E  Fragaki G  Agiomyrgianaki A  Salivaras E  Siragakis G  Daskalaki D  Tasioula-Margari M  Brenes M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(3):577-584

The present study was designed to assess the agreement between analytical methodologies based on 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and conventional analytical methods (titration, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography) for measuring certain minor and major constituents (free acidity, fatty acids, iodine value, and phenolic compounds) of olive oil. The standard deviations of the NMR method were comparable to those of the conventional methods, except perhaps those of the total hydroxytyrosol and total tyrosol. Linear regression analyses showed strong correlations between NMR and conventional methods for free acidity, total hydroxytyrosol, total tyrosol, total diacylglycerols, (+)-pinoresinol, (+)-1-acetoxypinoresinol, and apigenin; good correlations for linoleic acid, free hydroxytyrosol, and free tyrosol; and weak correlations for oleic acid, linolenic acid, saturated fatty acids, and luteolin. Furthermore, a method comparison study was conducted and the agreement between NMR and conventional methods was evaluated by using the Bland and Altman statistical analysis. The distribution of the data points in the bias plot showed that 96.4% and 100% of the measurements of free acidity and iodine value, respectively, were within the limits of agreement of the two methods. For the remaining constituents of olive oil, the percentage of measurements, located within the limits of agreement, ranged from 94% to 98.5%.  相似文献   

Treatment of an acid soil with bentonite used for wine fining: effects on soil properties and the growth of Lolium multiflorum     

Arias-Estévez M  López-Periago E  Nóvoa-Muñoz JC  Torrado-Agrasar A  Simal-Gándara J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7541-7546

When used to fine wines, bentonite acquires a protein load that makes it a potentially useful fertilizer. Other properties of bentonite are also potentially useful for soil amendment. In the work described in this paper, waste bentonite from a winery was applied to an acid soil, and its effects on soil properties and on the growth of Lolium multiflorum were evaluated. Soil N, K, and P contents all increased, as did pH and cation exchange capacity. Biomass production increased as the dose of bentonite increased up to 5 g kg(-1), decreasing at larger doses (possibly as a result of falling potassium/magnesium ratio and increasing electrical conductivity). Environmental drawbacks of waste bentonite include its high soluble copper content, although its conversion in the soil to less soluble forms reduces its potential phytotoxicity. The copper, manganese, and zinc contents of the ryegrass crop were low.  相似文献   

Solubility,partitioning, and activity of copper‐contaminated soils in a semiarid region          下载免费PDF全文

Pedro Mondaca  Alexander Neaman  Sébastien Sauvé  Eduardo Salgado  Manuel Bravo 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2015,178(3):452-459

We studied the fate of Cu in contaminated semiarid soils from two areas with different mining activities in central Chile. Several regression models were evaluated to use soil physicochemical characteristics to predict solubility, partitioning, and activity of Cu. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the type of Cu mining compound (smelter dust versus tailing sand) can be another important variable determining the bioavailability of Cu. In the studied neutral to alkaline soils, soil organic matter (SOM) enhanced Cu solubility most probably through the formation of organic complexes with dissolved organic C (DOC). As a consequence, Cu solubility and partitioning were better explained by DOC concentration than by SOM content. On the other hand, Cu activity was mainly related to soil pH and was not affected by DOC. Although we found differences between the two study areas, Cu solubility and partitioning might not be as dependent upon the origin of the Cu mining compound as upon other physiochemical characteristics that influence the concentration and characteristics of DOC. Total Cu, pH, and DOC would be the most important variables to consider on Cu solubility, however, data about the nature of SOM may certainly improve the prediction models. Thus, multiple binding site models between Cu and DOC should be studied to improve predictions of Cu solubility.  相似文献