Variability of the quality and quantity of organic matter in soil affected by multiple wildfires     

María López-Martín  Marta Velasco-Molina  Heike Knicker 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(2):360-370

  相似文献   

Cadmium contamination of sediments in the water reservoirs in Silesian Upland (southern Poland)     

Martyna A. Rzętała 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(10):2458-2470

  相似文献   

Occurrence of PCBr in Ambient Air and Surface Soil in an Urban Site of Madrid     

García-Alonso  S.  Pérez-Pastor  R. M. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,146(1-4):283-295

This article describes the temperature dependence of sixteen PCBs in ambient air from the relationship ln(C) = m + (1000/T) + b and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation from data obtained at an open urban area of Madrid. The study was applied to predice long/short range transport influence as PCB sources in a typical semi-urban ambient without the influence of industrialised or contaminated sites around. The present study also relate surface soil/ambient air data to characterise soil/air cycled seasonal behaviour in the observation site. Regarding both compartments, a comparison was done calculating fugacity quotients from one full year data.  相似文献   

Use of the O Horizon of Forest Soils in Monitoring Metal Deposition in Latvia     

Brūmelis  G.  Lapiņa  L.  Nikodemus  O.  Tabors  G. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,135(1-4):291-309

The concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, V,Ni, Cr, Fe Ca, Mg and K were determined in the organicsoil layer (O horizon) of pine forests in Latvia. Theconcentrations were expressed on a mass, volume andsurface area basis. When concentrations were calculatedper unit mass of the O horizon, significant positivecorrelations between concentrations in the O horizon andPleurozium schreberi were achieved for mostelements (excepting Cr, Ca and K), and to lesser degreesfor Cu, Pb, Zn, V, Ni and Fe when calculated on a volumeor area basis. Non-rotated principal components analysisidentified a major soil factor related to bulk density(volume- and area-based concentrations). The main groupsof related elements defined by varimax-rotated PCAcomponents were similar for the mass- and volume-baseddata, and regions with elevated levels of these elementscould be related to local pollution sources, similar tothe patterns previously reported from surveys based onmoss.  相似文献   

Speciation of Cadmium in the Bottom Sediment of Rybnik Reservoir     

Loska  Krzysztof  Wiechuła  Danuta 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,141(1-4):73-89

Forms of cadmium occurrence in the bottom sediment of a heated water reservoir, polluted substantially with this metal was analysed in the paper. Apart from the analysis mentioned above, a total cadmium content in the bottom sediment and a content of cadmium dissolved in the water of the reservoir was also determined. Dependences between particular forms of cadmium occurrence and its total content in the bottom sediment were analysed. An influence of cadmium content in water on the level of particular cadmium forms in the bottom sediment and an influence of other parameters of the reservoir's water on the content of cadmium in the bottom sediment were also examined.  相似文献   

Sorption and desorption of Zn on Ca-Kaolinite     

J. García-miragaya  M. Dávalos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,27(3-4):217-224

Experiments on Zn²⁺ sorption-desorption by Ca-kaolinite using a wide range of Zn²⁺ concentrations and two acid pH values allowed us to reach the following conclusions: (1) For Zn²⁺ surface coverages below the kaolinite C.E.C., Zn²⁺ was sorbed mainly via ion exchange; (2) At Zn^2? sorption values above the C.E.C., Zn²⁺ was sorbed with higher affinity by a mechanism stronger than ion exchange, involving a strong association of Zn ions with silicate solid phases; and (3) Use of C.E.C. values and/or Langmuir's calculated maxima would greatly underestimate Zn²⁺ sorption capacity by kaolinite, even at acid pH values.  相似文献   

Influence of the food matrix structure on the retention of aroma compounds     

Seuvre AM  Díaz MA  Voilley A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(9):4296-4300

The retention of the aroma compounds in a multicomponent medium like the food matrix is influenced by their affinity with the protein when lipid is present at a low level (0.5%). The effect of the structure of the media is also studied by using two media with the same composition; one was emusified, and the other was not. Among the studied aroma compounds, 2-nonanone and isoamyl acetate present opposite behaviors: the volatility of isoamyl acetate is not affected by the change of the medium structure whereas that of 2-nonanone increases. The decrease of retention of 2-nonanone in an emulsified system would be due to a modification of the fixation site for this compound on the protein or to a competition between the lipid and the aroma compound while the protein is adsorbed at the lipid-water interface.  相似文献   

Variation in primitive landraces of common bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis> L.) from Argentina     

Antonio M. De Ron  María C. Menéndez-Sevillano  Marta Santalla 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,51(8):883-894

The phenotypic variation found in four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) complex primitive landraces, among a group of accessions collected in Northwestern Argentina in several missions is described, with particular attention to the wide diversity found in some small areas. It is presented a hypothesis about the maintenance of such diversity in bean mixtures or complex primitive landraces that grow close to their wild relative. Wide diversity regarding to seed type and plant characteristics was displayed by the landraces MCM-SV (composed of 11 lines), MCM-292 (14 lines), MCM-298 (5 lines) and VAV-3716 (14 lines). Food uses of dry seed and fresh pod seemed to be more relevant than the aesthetic use although all of them were presumably considered by humans for centuries resulting in the current phenotypes of these complex primitive landraces. Additionally, some weedy types (intermediate between wild and domesticated types) were detected in the landracesMCM-292 and MCM-298. The four complex landraces described consisted of highly diverse mixtures and they could play a role in breeding to enlarge the genetic basis of domesticated bean varieties belonging to the Andean gene pool.  相似文献   

Diabetes and hypertension increases in a society with abdominal obesity: results of the Mexican National Health Survey 2000   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Sánchez-Castillo CP  Velásquez-Monroy O  Lara-Esqueda A  Berber A  Sepulveda J  Tapia-Conyer R  James WP 《Public health nutrition》2005,8(1):53-60

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalences of overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) in the Mexican population and compare them with those of a previous Mexican urban survey and an American survey. DESIGN: A structured, randomised, nationally representative Mexican sample was compared with a 1993 Mexican urban survey and the US Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) of non-Hispanic Whites. SETTING: The Mexican National Health Survey 2000.Subjects: Subjects were 12,856 men and 28,332 women, aged 20-69 years, who had their body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure and fasting capillary blood glucose measured. RESULTS: Mexican adult men and women had a high prevalence of overweight (41.3 and 36.3%, respectively) and obesity (19.4 and 29.0%, respectively), similar to those in the USA in 1988-1992 and exceeding those of the 1993 Mexican survey. The prevalence of HT was 33.3% in men and 25.6% in women, with inferred DM rates of 5.6 and 9.7%, respectively. Abdominal obesity affected 46.3% of men (WC>or=94 cm) and 81.4% of women (WC>or=80 cm). There was a high prevalence of abdominal obesity in normal-weight women, with co-morbidities relating better to WC than to body mass index (BMI) in both sexes. Rates of DM and HT exceeded US rates on a comparable BMI or WC basis in adults aged <50 years. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in Mexicans is associated with markedly increased prevalences of DM and HT to levels comparable with, or even higher than, those in NHANES III of non-Hispanic Whites.  相似文献   

Bioactive cinchona alkaloids from Remijia peruviana     

Ruiz-Mesia L  Ruiz-Mesía W  Reina M  Martínez-Diaz R  de Inés C  Guadaño A  González-Coloma A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):1921-1926

Three known Cinchona alkaloids of the quinine type, quinine (1), cupreine (2), cinchonine (3), and the possible artifact cinchonine-HCl (3-HCl), along with two new ones, acetylcupreine (4) and N-ethylquinine (5), have been isolated from the bark of Remijia peruviana (Rubiaceae). Their stereochemical structures were established by high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Alkaloids 2-4 had antifeedant effects on Leptinotarsa decemlineata with varying potencies. Compound 4 was cytotoxic to both insect Sf9 and mammalian CHO cells after 48 h of incubation, while 3-HCl had stronger and selective cytotoxicity to Sf9. Quinine 1 had a moderate to low effect on Trypanosoma cruzi. Tumoral cells were also affected by these alkaloids, with 4 and 3-HCl being the most cytotoxic to all the cell lines tested. Overall, the 8R, 9S configurations, as in 3 and 3-HCl, as well as the C-6'acetylated alkaloid 4, with an 8S, 9R configuration, showed stronger biological effects.  相似文献