Molecular analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona isolated from slaughter pigs     

Michael GB  Cardoso M  Schwarz S 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,112(1):43-52

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (S.) serovar Agona plays an important role in Brazil as causative agent of salmonellosis in food-producing animals - in particular, pigs and poultry - as well as in humans. A total of 45 S. Agona isolates collected from slaughter pigs at three different slaughterhouses in Southern Brazil was investigated in this study for their phenotypic and genotypic relatedness. For this, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the phage types were determined. Molecular analysis included the determination of plasmid profiles as well as the analysis of XbaI- and BlnI-generated macro-restriction patterns. Moreover, a novel typing method called subtracted restriction fingerprinting (SRF) was successfully applied to the S. Agona isolates. Based on all properties determined, a dominant clonal group comprising 33 of the 45 isolates was identified. Members of this group were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, did not carry plasmids, shared the same phage type and were closely related or even indistinguishable by their EcoRI-PauI SRF patterns as well as their XbaI and BlnI macro-restriction patterns. Members of this clonal group were identified at all 3 slaughterhouses at variable frequencies and originated from pig herds raised in 15 different cities in Southern Brazil which were located up to 450 km apart from each other. Since the S. Agona-carrying slaughter pigs were from various integrated production lines, the results of this study suggest that a specific clonal group of S. Agona had entered numerous pig production lines. This observation supports the requirement for the establishment of monitoring and control programmes in Brazil which should also include molecular techniques to better trace the dissemination of S. Agona and other Salmonella serovars in pigs and other food-producing animals.  相似文献   

An architectural framework that may lie at the core of the postsynaptic density     

Baron MK  Boeckers TM  Vaida B  Faham S  Gingery M  Sawaya MR  Salyer D  Gundelfinger ED  Bowie JU 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5760):531-535

The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a complex assembly of proteins associated with the postsynaptic membrane that organizes neurotransmitter receptors, signaling pathways, and regulatory elements within a cytoskeletal matrix. Here we show that the sterile alpha motif domain of rat Shank3/ProSAP2, a master scaffolding protein located deep within the PSD, can form large sheets composed of helical fibers stacked side by side. Zn2+, which is found in high concentrations in the PSD, binds tightly to Shank3 and may regulate assembly. Sheets of the Shank protein could form a platform for the construction of the PSD complex.  相似文献   

Authors' reply.     

Valérie Chetboul  Hervé P Lefebvre  Carolina Carlos Sampedrano  Vassiliki Gouni  Vittorio Saponaro  Francois Serres  Didier Concordet  Audrey P Nicolle  Jean-Louis Pouchelon 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(2):245-246

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Biogeochemical cycles of nutrients in tropical Eucalyptus plantations: Main features shown by intensive monitoring in Congo and Brazil     

Jean-Paul Laclau  Jacques Ranger  José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves  Valérie Maquère  Alex V. Krusche  Armel Thongo M’Bou  Yann Nouvellon  Laurent Saint-André  Jean-Pierre Bouillet  Marisa de Cassia Piccolo  Philippe Deleporte 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010,259(9):1771-1785

The sustainability of fast-growing tropical Eucalyptus plantations is of concern in a context of rising fertilizer costs, since large amounts of nutrients are removed with biomass every 6–7 years from highly weathered soils. A better understanding of the dynamics of tree requirements is required to match fertilization regimes to the availability of each nutrient in the soil. The nutrition of Eucalyptus plantations has been intensively investigated and many studies have focused on specific fluxes in the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients. However, studies dealing with complete cycles are scarce for the Tropics. The objective of this paper was to compare these cycles for Eucalyptus plantations in Congo and Brazil, with contrasting climates, soil properties, and management practices.The main features were similar in the two situations. Most nutrient fluxes were driven by crown establishment the two first years after planting and total biomass production thereafter. These forests were characterized by huge nutrient requirements: 155, 10, 52, 55 and 23 kg ha^?1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg the first year after planting at the Brazilian study site, respectively. High growth rates the first months after planting were essential to take advantage of the large amounts of nutrients released into the soil solutions by organic matter mineralization after harvesting. This study highlighted the predominant role of biological and biochemical cycles over the geochemical cycle of nutrients in tropical Eucalyptus plantations and indicated the prime importance of carefully managing organic matter in these soils. Limited nutrient losses through deep drainage after clear-cutting in the sandy soils of the two study sites showed the remarkable efficiency of Eucalyptus trees in keeping limited nutrient pools within the ecosystem, even after major disturbances. Nutrient input–output budgets suggested that Eucalyptus plantations take advantage of soil fertility inherited from previous land uses and that long-term sustainability will require an increase in the inputs of certain nutrients.  相似文献   

Immunization with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae-live attenuated oocysts protect goat kids from clinical coccidiosis     

Antonio Ruiz  María Carmen Muñoz  José Manuel Molina  Carlos Hermosilla  Marisa Andrada  Pedro Lara  Elisa Bordón  Davinia Pérez  Adassa María López  Lorena Matos  Aránzazu Carmen Guedes  Soraya Falcón  Yaiza Falcón  Sergio Martín  Anja Taubert 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(1-2):8-17

Caprine coccidiosis, affecting mainly young goat kids around the weaning period, is worldwide the most important disease in the goat industry. Control of caprine coccidiosis is increasingly hampered by resistances developed against coccidiostatic drugs leading to an enhanced need for anticoccidial vaccines. In the current study we conducted an oral immunization trial with live attenuated sporulated Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae oocysts. Sporulated E. ninakohlyakimovae oocysts were attenuated by X-irradiation technique. The experimental design included a total of 18 goat kids divided into the following groups: (i) animals immunized with attenuated E. ninakohlyakimovae oocysts at 5 weeks of age and challenged 3 weeks later with non-irradiated homologous oocysts (group 1); (ii) animals infected with non-attenuated E. ninakohlyakimovae oocysts at 5 weeks of age and challenged 3 weeks later with non-attenuated homologous oocysts (group 2); (iii) animals primary-infected with untreated E. ninakohlyakimovae oocysts at 8 weeks of age (control of the challenge infection, group 3); (iv) non-infected control animals (group 4). Goat kids immunized with live attenuated E. ninakohlyakimovae oocysts (group 1) excreted significantly less oocysts in the faeces (95.3% reduction) than kids infected with non-attenuated ones (group 2). Furthermore, immunization with live but attenuated oocysts resulted in ameliorated clinical coccidiosis compared to goat kids infected with untreated oocysts (group 2) and resulted in equally reduced signs of coccidiosis after challenge infection compared to acquired immunity driven by non-attenuated oocysts. Overall, the present study demonstrates for the first time that live attenuated E. ninakohlyakimovae oocysts orally administered showed almost no pathogenicity but enough immunogenicity in terms of immunoprotection. Importantly, vaccinated animals still shed low amounts of oocysts, guaranteeing environmental contamination and consecutive booster infections to sustain ongoing immunity.  相似文献   

Lead contamination in Portuguese red wines from the Douro region: from the vineyard to the final product   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Almeida CM  Vasconcelos MT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):3012-3023

To quantify lead contamination in wines and to try to identify major lead sources, two winemaking processes were followed during one annual cycle of wine production. Two vineyards from the Douro Portuguese region and two types of wine, one red table wine, which has been produced in a very modern winery, and one red fortified wine (similar to Port), which has been produced by a traditional vinification process, were selected for this study. Aerosols from the vineyards atmosphere, vineyard soil, vine leaves, grapes, and samples from the intermediary and final wine product were collected. Suitable pretreatments, namely, high-pressure microwave assisted digestion (soil, leaves, and grapes) and UV-irradiation (grape juices and samples from the different steps of the vinification processes), were used. The samples were analyzed in terms of lead total concentration and respective isotope ratios by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomization. It was observed that the major sources of lead were in the vinification system, the more traditional one introducing more lead than the modern one. For the fortified wine, the lead concentration increased from 4.7 microg L(-1), in the grape juice, to 17.2 microg L(-1), in the final product, while for the table wine the increase was from 4.1 to 13.1 microg L(-)(1). Therefore, only about 1/4 (fortified wine) and 1/3 (table wine) of the lead total content of the final products came from soil and atmospheric deposition. Therefore, it is expected that marked reductions of the lead content in the wines would occur if the sources of lead were removed from the tubes and containers used in the vinification system, particularly by using welding alloys and small fittings free of lead. The lead levels in the vine leaves (global mean of 0.43 microg g(dry leave)(-1)) and grapes (global mean of 35 ng g(dry grape)(-1)) were similar in both vineyards.  相似文献   

使用检测和剔除策略控制猪场非洲猪瘟暴发     

姚建聪  梁志刚  杨晴  刘从敏  夏天  陈奇  MarisaRotolo  DanTucker 《猪业科学》2020,37(3):92-93

自2018年8月3日非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)在中国被发现并确诊以来,已在全国范围内传播并持续流行,成为地方性流行疾病。这种疫病的影响巨大,它持续挑战着兽医专业人员,同时也增大了养猪业的风险。文章叙述了如何在一个猪场使用检测和清除方法,清除ASFV感染阳性猪群和实施局部清群,并最终成功地控制了ASF的暴发。  相似文献   

Use of fluorescence indices as predictors of crop N status and yield for greenhouse sweet pepper crops     

de Souza  Romina  Peña-Fleitas  M. Teresa  Thompson  Rodney B.  Gallardo  Marisa  Grasso  Rafael  Padilla  Francisco M. 《Precision Agriculture》2022,23(1):278-299

Precision Agriculture - To increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency and reduce water pollution from vegetable production, it is necessary to optimize N management. Fluorescence-based optical sensors...  相似文献   

Mitochondrion-rich cells distribution,Na<Superscript>+</Superscript>/K<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase activity and gill morphometry of the Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)     

Duncan WP  Silva NF  Fernandes MN 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(3):523-531

Detailed measurements of gill area and constituent variables (total filament number, total filament length and mean filament length), and immunolocalization of the α-subunit of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity were performed on both hemibranchs of all five arches of freshwater potamotrygonid stingrays (Paratrygon aiereba and Potamotrygon sp.). Both species exhibit similar mass-specific gill area, 89.8 ± 6.6 and 91.5 ± 4.3 mm² g⁻¹ for P. aiereba and Potamotrygon sp., respectively. The density of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase-rich MRCs and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity was higher in the 4th gill arch in both species. The Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity was positively correlated to the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase-rich (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase rich) mitochondrion-rich cell (MRC) distribution among the gill arches of P. aiereba but not in Potamotrygon sp. The levels Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity were not correlated to the gill surface area among the arches for both rays’ species. Considering that the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase-rich MRC is the main site for active ion transport in the gill epithelia and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity plays a crucial role in osmoionoregulatory function, we suggesting that 4th gill arch is more relevant for osmoregulation and ion balance in these potamotrygonids.  相似文献   

Endothelium-independent effects of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin on vascular tension     

Inchoo M  Chirdchupunseree H  Pramyothin P  Jianmongkol S 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(8):1231-1236

The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulating effects of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin on vascular tension, using in the in vitro model of isolated rat aorta. Our results indicated that both phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin significantly relaxed the sustained contraction induced by phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, endothelial removal had no significant influence on the vasorelaxation responses of the aortic rings toward these two compounds. Furthermore, both compounds inhibited the contraction of aortic muscle provoked by either PE (1 μM) or KCl (40 mM) as well as the spontaneous contraction of the Ca²⁺-depleted muscle. In high K⁺- Ca²⁺ free solution, phyllanthin (100 μM), but not hypophyllanthin, significantly inhibited the contractile responses upon cumulative addition of CaCl₂. Both compounds (100 μM) significantly inhibited PE-induced contraction in Ca²⁺-free condition, but could not affect caffeine-induced contraction. Taken together, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin could modulate the vascular tension via the endothelium-independent mechanisms. The modulating effects of both compounds were possibly involved with the blockade of Ca²⁺ entry into vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibition of PE-mediated Ca²⁺ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum.  相似文献