Acid deposition at the summit of Mt. Fuji: Observations of gases,aerosols and precipitation in summer,1993 and 1994     

Y. Dokiya  K. Tsuboi  H. Sekino  T. Hosomi  Y. Igarashi  S. Tanaka 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(4):1967-1972

Intensive observations of chemical species in aerosols, gases and other samples at the summit of Mt. Fuji and at Tarobo (at 1300m on the mountain'ts southern slope) was performed from July 28 to Aug. 3, 1993 and from July 25 to 30,1994. The most interesting observation was the abrupt increase in the sulfate concentration in aerosol collected in July, 1993 just after the typhoon (number 9306) passed the Japanese archipelago and the wind direction shifted from south to west. Chemical analysis indicated this aerosol was acidic. In contrast, the summit aerosol observed in 1994 was not acidic following a less dramatic rise in sulfate content. Back trajectory analyses were used to extrapolate from these measurement to an inventory of polluted air over the Asian Continent. The concentrations of gaseous SO₂ and HCl remained low during both observation periods, with some higher concentrations of NH₃.  相似文献   

Copper Complexing Capacity of Throughfall and its Environmental Effect     

H. Hou  T. Takamatsu  M. K. Koshikawa  M. Hosomi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,162(1-4):229-245

Copper complexing capacity (CuCC) and conditional stability constants (K′) of the complexes were analyzed for throughfall collected in Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), and bamboo-leafed oak (Quercus myrsinaefolia) groves (soil: light-colored Andosol) located in a suburban area of Japan (Tsukuba, Ibaraki). The method was based on the titration of throughfall samples with standard Cu²⁺ solution using a Cu²⁺-selective electrode, followed by data analysis using the van den Berg-Ruzic plot (1:1-type complexes were assumed). CuCCs (μM) obtained were in the order: C. obtusa (7.1± 5.1) ≤ C. japonica (9.6± 5.6) < P. densiflora (15.9± 16.4) < Q. myrsinaefolia (29.3± 23.9). In addition, ratios of CuCC/DOC (μmol mg^?1 C) were in the order: C. obtusa (0.42± 0.26) ? C. japonica (0.42± 0.22) ? P. densiflora (0.55± 0.38) ? Q. myrsinaefolia (2.0± 1.3), and the ratios in the throughfall of Q. myrsinaefolia were about 4 times higher than those in the throughfall of other tree species. On the other hand, log K′ was almost the same for all tree species (about 5.5). CuCC and also CuCC/DOC increased in spring and autumn, and decreased in summer and winter, indicating that organic matter with metal complexing capacity, released from trees, changed seasonally not only in quantity but also in quality. Since throughfall accelerated the leaching of metals from grove soil and artificial material (e.g. alloy) placed in the groves, it may be involved in the behavior of metals in the plant-soil ecosystem.  相似文献   

Nitrogen Removal, N2O Emission, and NH3 Volatilization Under Different Water Levels in a Vertical Flow Treatment System     

Sheng Zhou  Hong Hou  Masaaki Hosomi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,191(1-4):171-182

Two series of laboratory-scale vertical flow systems (flooded and nonflooded columns) were designed to compare nitrogen removal performance, nitrous oxide emission, and ammonia volatilization under different water levels upon treating diluted digested livestock liquid. In these systems, influent was supplied at three hydraulic loading rates (HLRs of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 cm day^?1) during stage 1 and the rates were doubled during stage 2 when the water levels of nonflooded columns were elevated from zero to half the height of the soil column. After hydraulic loading rates doubled, the average removal rates of total nitrogen in flooded columns varied from 1.27 to 2.94 g^?2 day^?1 and those in nonflooded columns ranged from 1.23 to 3.88 g^?2 day^?1. The T-N removal at an HLR of 10 cm day^?1 in the nonflooded column with an elevated water table level had higher efficiency than that in the flooded column, suggesting T-N removal is enhanced in the nonflooded column probably due to the improved coupled nitrification–denitrification process under the elevated water table level condition. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation (r ² = 0.532, p < 0.001) between the N₂O flux and redox potential that mainly corresponded to water levels and HLRs, suggesting anoxic or aerobic conditions stimulate N₂O emission by enhancing the nitrification (nitrification–denitrification) process. In contrast, NH₃ volatilization had a high flux in the anaerobic condition mainly because of flooding. Based on the experimental results, it is hypothesized a nonflooded condition with higher water table level (Eh range of ?160 to +260 mV) would be suitable to reduce N₂O emission and NH₃ volatilization peak value by at least half while maintaining relatively efficient nitrogen removal performance.  相似文献   

Use of batch leaching tests to quantify arsenic release from excavated urban soils with relatively low levels of arsenic     

Jining Li  Tomoya Kosugi  Shohei Riya  Yohey Hashimoto  Hong Hou  Akihiko Terada  Masaaki Hosomi 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(8):2136-2143

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Selection for high and low oxygen consumption‐induced differences in maintenance energy requirements of mice          下载免费PDF全文

Hongyu Darhan  Motoi Kikusato  Masaaki Toyomizu  Sang‐gun Roh  Kazuo Katoh  Masahiro Sato  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(7):959-965

Maintenance energy requirements (MER) of mice selected for high (H) or low (L) oxygen consumption (OC) were compared. Forty‐four mice from H and L OC lines were weaned at 3 weeks and divided into four experimental groups: group A were sacrificed at 4 weeks; group B were fed ad libitum, and groups C and D were fed 2.8 and 2.4 g/day, respectively, from 4 to 8 weeks of age. Groups B–D were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Chemical components were estimated for all groups. MER was estimated using a model that partitioned metabolizable energy intake into that used for maintenance, and protein and fat deposition. The feed conversion ratio for the B group was significantly higher in the H than in the L line. Feed intake for metabolic energy content per metabolic body size was significantly also higher in the H line, whereas accumulated energy content per metabolic body size was significantly higher in the L line. MER of the H line was greater than that of the L line (P < 0.10). These results suggest that selection for H or L OC produced differences in chemical components, feed efficiency, and MER between the H and L lines.  相似文献   

Correlations between mitochondrial respiration activity and residual feed intake after divergent genetic selection for high‐ and low‐ oxygen consumption in mice     

Hongyu Darhan  Atsushi Zoda  Motoi Kikusato  Masaaki Toyomizu  Kazuo Katoh  Sang‐gun Roh  Shinichiro Ogawa  Yoshinobu Uemoto  Masahiro Satoh  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(7):818-826

The aims of the present study were to identify the differences between two mouse lines (high (H)‐ and low (L)‐oxygen consumption) in terms of mitochondrial respiratory activity when GMP (glutamate, malate, and pyruvate) and succinic acid are used as substrates and to examine the relationship between mitochondrial respiration activity and feed efficiency in both lines. The average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and residual feed intake (RFI) were significantly higher in the H than the L line. The correlation between FCR and RFI was significant (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). RFI was effective as an indicator of feed efficiency. When succinic acid was used as a substrate, mitochondrial respiration states 2–4, ACR, and proton leak were significantly higher in the H than the L line. When GMP was used as a substrate, respiration states 3 and 4 in the H line were significantly higher than those in the L line, and there were significant positive correlations between FCR and RFI and mitochondrial respiration states 2–4. The results indicated that selection for high or low OC changed the basal metabolic rates estimated from liver mitochondrial respiration activity and feed efficiency.  相似文献   

Expression and localization of tight junction-related proteins in adult rat pituitary stem/progenitor cell niches     

Saishu YOSHIDA  Hideaki YURINO  Masaaki KOBAYASHI  Naoto NISHIMURA  Kentaro YANO  Ken FUJIWARA  Shin-ichi HASHIMOTO  Takako KATO  Yukio KATO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2022,68(3):225

Pituitary endocrine cells are supplied by Sox2-expressing stem/progenitor cells in the anterior lobe of the adult pituitary gland. These SOX2-positive cells are maintained in two types of microenvironments (niches): the marginal cell layer (MCL)-niche and the parenchymal-niche. Recently, we isolated dense SOX2-positive cell clusters from the parenchymal-niche by taking advantage of their resistance to protease treatment as parenchymal stem/progenitor cell (PS)-clusters. In the present study, by analyzing these isolated PS-clusters, we attempted to identify novel structural characteristics of pituitary stem/progenitor cell niches. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that tight junction-related genes were distinctly expressed in the isolated PS-clusters. Immunocytostaining showed that the tight junction molecules, ZO-1 and occludin, were localized in the apical membrane facing the pseudo-follicle-like structure of the isolated PS-clusters regardless of the expression of S100β, which distinguishes the sub-population of SOX2-positive cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry of the pituitary glands of adult rats clearly demonstrated that ZO-1 and occludin were densely present in the parenchymal-niche encircling the pseudo-follicle, while they were observed in the apical membrane in the MCL-niche facing the residual lumen. Collectively, these tight junction-related proteins might be involved in the architecture and maintenance of the plasticity of pituitary stem/progenitor cell niches.  相似文献   

Study of Internal Structure of Waxy Wheat Starch Granules by KI/I2 Solution     

Masaharu Seguchi  Takeshi Yasui  Kazuko Hosomi  Tooru Imai 《Cereal Chemistry》2000,77(3):339-342

Wheat starch granules were separated from waxy wheat flour by the acetic acid (pH 3.5) fractionation technique. Waxy wheat starch samples were stained red‐brown using KI/I₂ solution. Subsequently, the concentration of the KI/I₂ solution was increased to >2.5% KI and 1.0% I₂. Then the appearance of the waxy wheat starch granules quickly became ghostlike. The internal structure of the ghost could be observed. This structure consisted of two parts with different colors: a red‐brown central part and a slightly pinkish surrounding part. Sonication of the ghost at 20 kHz for 20 sec separated the central part from the surrounding part. Each of the separated parts were subjected to gel‐filtration chromatography, and their chromatography profiles indicated only amylopectin and no amylose. The central and surrounding parts had molecular weights of 54.3 × 10⁵ and 23.8 × 10⁶ from Berry plots, respectively.  相似文献