Erratum to: Cleanup of atrazine-contaminated soils: ecotoxicological study on the efficacy of a bioremediation tool with Pseudomonas sp. ADP     

Sónia Chelinho  Matilde Moreira-Santos  Débora Lima  Cátia Silva  Paula Viana  Sandra André  Isabel Lopes  Rui Ribeiro  Arsénio M. Fialho  Cristina A. Viegas  José P. Sousa 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(6):1209-1210

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Environmental risk assessment of a metal-contaminated area in the Tropics. Tier I: screening phase     

Júlia C. Niemeyer  Matilde Moreira-Santos  Marco Antonio Nogueira  Gabriel Machado Carvalho  Rui Ribeiro  Eduardo Mendes Da Silva  José Paulo Sousa 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(8):1557-1571

Purpose  

The present study presents data on the screening phase (tier 1) of a site-specific ecological risk assessment in a former smelter area heavily contaminated with metals (Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil). Joining information from three lines of evidence (LoE), chemical, ecotoxicological, and ecological, integrated risk values were calculated to rank sites within the area and identify those that may need further investigation in tier 2.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of a novel formulation of ivermectin after administration to goats     

González A  Sahagun AM  Diez MJ  Fernandez N  Sierra M  Garcia JJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(2):323-328

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a novel commercial formulation of ivermectin after administration to goats. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult goats. PROCEDURE: Ivermectin (200 microg/kg) was initially administered IV to each goat, and plasma samples were obtained for 36 days. After a washout period of 3 weeks, each goat received a novel commercial formulation of ivermectin (200 microg/kg) by SC injection. Plasma samples were then obtained for 42 days. Drug concentrations were quantified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin after IV administration were best described by a 2-compartment open model; values for main compartmental variables included volume of distribution at a steady state (9.94 L/kg), clearance (1.54 L/kg/d), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC; 143 [ng x d]/mL). Values for the noncompartmental variables included mean residence time (7.37 days), AUC (153 [ng x d]/mL), and clearance (1.43 L/kg/d). After SC administration, noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted. Values of the variables calculated by use of this method included maximum plasma concentration (Cmax; 21.8 ng/mL), time to reach Cmax (3 days), and bioavailability (F; 91.8%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The commercial formulation used in this study is a good option to consider when administering ivermectin to goats because of the high absorption, which is characterized by high values of F. In addition, the values of Cmax and time to reach Cmax are higher than those reported by other investigators who used other routes of administration.  相似文献   

Inhibition of pheromone response in Sesamia nonagrioides by the pheromone of the sympatric corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eizaguirre M  Albajes R  López C  Sans A  Gemeno C 《Pest management science》2007,63(6):608-614

Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. and Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübn.) are two corn borers present in the Mediterranean area that share a similar feeding habitat. The female sex pheromones of the two species consist of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-hexadecenal and dodecyl acetate (77:8:10:5 w/w) and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3 w/w) respectively. Although the pheromones share no common components, previous work had shown the inhibition of the response by O. nubilalis males to their own pheromone owing to the presence of S. nonagrioides pheromone. In this study, the pheromone of O. nubilalis and its two components separately were shown to inhibit the attraction of S. nonagrioides males to the synthetic female pheromone in both laboratory wind-tunnel bioassay and field trapping studies. In the wind tunnel, the number of contacts of S. nonagrioides males with the source were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by the single pheromone components of O. nubilalis. In the field, the addition of 1% of O. nubilalis pheromone significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the catches of S. nonagrioides males. The components of both pheromones also elicited electroantennographic responses from antennae of male S. nonagrioides moths. The ecological consequences and the possibilities of applying this cross-inhibition for mating disruption techniques are discussed.  相似文献   

Pig-MAP and haptoglobin concentration reference values in swine from commercial farms     

Piñeiro C  Piñeiro M  Morales J  Andrés M  Lorenzo E  Pozo MD  Alava MA  Lampreave F 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,179(1):78-84

Pig-MAP (Major Acute-phase Protein) and haptoglobin concentrations were determined in pigs from commercial farms, and reference intervals obtained for different productive stages. Pig-MAP serum concentrations were lower in sows than in adult boars (mean values 0.81 vs. 1.23 mg/mL) and the opposite was observed for haptoglobin (1.47 vs. 0.94 mg/mL). No differences were found between parities, except for a minor decrease in haptoglobin concentration in the 4th parity. A linear correlation between pig-MAP and haptoglobin concentration was observed. In the period 4-12 weeks of life, pig-MAP mean concentrations were around 1mg/mL, being lower in the finishing period (0.7-0.8 mg/mL). Haptoglobin concentrations increased with time, from around 0.6 mg/mL at 4 weeks of age to 1.4 mg/mL at 12 weeks. Mean values of around 0.9 mg/mL were observed in the finishing period. A wider distribution of values was observed for haptoglobin than for pig-MAP concentrations. Differences between herds were observed, with the highest values obtained in a herd with signs of respiratory disease.  相似文献   

Potato germplasm enhancement for resistance to biotic stresses at CIP. Conventional and biotechnology-assisted approaches using a wide range of Solanum species     

Kazuo N. Watanabe  Matilde Orrillo  Ali M. Golmirzaie 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):457-464

Summary Potato genetic improvement has been facilitated using new knowledge of potato reproductive biology and new techniques. Many wild diploid species as well as landrace cultivars have been used in breeding at the diploid level, a strategy which is supported by 1) 2n gametes and 2) haploids from tetraploid cultivars. Different categories of wild species which have been under-utilized are now being exploited further in more systematic enhancement programmes using semi-conventional and biotechnological methods. Molecular maps of the potato genome are used actively to achieve marker-assisted introgression and improved selection among the germplasm collections to facilitate the use of valuable wild genetic resources. As an alternative method to incorporate a high level of fesistance, genetic engineering has been employed to facilitate the initial breeding process using various gene constructs for controlling major biotic stresses in the world.  相似文献   

Resistance to viruses in F₁ hybrids produced by direct crossing between diploid Solanum series Tuberosa and diploid S. brevidens (series Etuberosa) using S. phureja for rescue pollination     

J. P. T. Valkonen    M. Orrillo    S. A. Slack    R. L. Plaisted  K. N. Watanabe 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(5):421-426

Resistance to potato viruses was examined in the F₁ hybrids (TET) obtained from a cross between a diploid (2n = 24), tuber-bearing interspecific hybrid 87HW13.7 (Solanum tuberosum W231 ×S. multi-dissectum PI 473354) and a diploid (2n = 24), nontuber-bearing wild potato species (S. brevidens CPC 2451) using S. phureja IvP35 (2n = 24) for rescue pollination. The parental plants were susceptible to PVX, whereas two hybrids (TET38.2 and TET38.9) and S. phureja IvP35 reacted with hypersensitivity to PVX. Two hybrids (TET 38.9 and TET 38.12) were extremely resistant to PVY°, which was similar to S. brevidens and S. phureja IvP35, whereas the remaining two hybrids were moderately resistant to PVY°. No resistance to PVA and PLRV was observed in the progenies, in contrast to S. brevidens which was extremely resistant to PVA and PLRV. Hypersensitivity to PVX in two progenies suggested (1) integration by somatic translocation or heterofertilization and expression of genes from the rescue pollinator S. phureja IvP35, or (2) transgressive or complementary gene action.  相似文献   

Metabolism of biochanin A and formononetin by human liver microsomes in vitro   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tolleson WH  Doerge DR  Churchwell MI  Marques MM  Roberts DW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(17):4783-4790

Biochanin A and formononetin are abundant in legumes. These proestrogenic isoflavones can be converted by 4'-O-demethylation to the more potent phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein. Incubation of biochanin A or formononetin with human liver microsomes resulted in 4'-O-demethylation and the production of additional metabolites. Three new hydroxylated formononetin derivatives, 6,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7,8-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, and 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, were isolated and characterized. We surveyed the O-demethylase competence of cytochrome P450 isoforms found in human liver. Human cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A2, 2E1, 2C9*1, 2C19, and 2D6*1 catalyzed biochanin A consumption and genistein production. Human cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A2, 2C9*1, 2A6, 2D6*1, and 2C19 catalyzed formononetin consumption and daidzein production. These isoforms also generated other hydroxylated metabolites. Although O-demethylation of isoflavones has been attributed to metabolism by gut microflora, our study demonstrates that human hepatic microsomal enzymes can perform the same transformation and may play a key role in the conversion of 4'-O-methylated isoflavones to more potent phytoestrogens.  相似文献   

Use of activated bentonites in controlled-release formulations of atrazine   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Fernández-Pérez M  Flores-Céspedes F  González-Pradas E  Villafranca-Sánchez M  Pérez-García S  Garrido-Herrera FJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(12):3888-3893

The herbicide atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) was incorporated in alginate-based granules to obtain controlled-release (CR) properties. The basic formulation [sodium alginate (1.40%)-atrazine (0.60%)-water] was modified by the addition of sorbents. The effect on atrazine release rate caused by the incorporation of acid-treated bentonite (0.5 and 2.5 M H2SO4) in alginate formulation was studied by immersion of the granules in water under static conditions. The water uptake, sorption capacity of the sorbent, permeability, and time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released into water, t50, were calculated for the comparison of the preparations. t50 values were longer for those formulations containing acid-treated bentonite (36.78 and 29.01 days for 0.5 and 2.5 M H2SO4 treatments, respectively) than for the preparation without bentonite (9.69 days). On the basis of a parameter of an empirical equation used to fit the herbicide release data, it appears that the release of atrazine from the various formulations into water is controlled by diffusion mechanism. The sorption capacity of the sorbents and the permeability of the formulations (ranging from 4.99 to 20.83 mg day(-1) mm(-1)) were the most important factors affecting herbicide release.  相似文献   

Paenibacillus larvae enolase as a virulence factor in honeybee larvae infection     

Karina Antúnez  Matilde Anido  Daniela Arredondo  Jay D. Evans  Pablo Zunino 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,147(1-2):83-89

Paenibacillus larvae is a gram-positive spore-forming bacteria, causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), a severe disease affecting larvae of the honeybee Apis mellifera. In an attempt to detect potential virulence factors secreted by P. larvae, we identified an enolase among different secreted proteins. Although this protein is a cytosolic enzyme involved in glycolytic pathways, it has been related to virulence. The aim of the present work was to evaluate its role during the infection of honeybee larvae. Toxicity assays showed that enolase was highly toxic and immunogenic to honeybee larvae. Its production was detected inside P. larvae vegetative cells, on the surface of P. larvae spores and secreted to the external growth medium. P. larvae enolase production was also confirmed in vivo, during the infection of honeybee larvae. This protein was able to hydrolyze milk proteins as described for P. larvae, suggesting that could be involved in larval degradation, maybe through the plasmin(ogen) system. These results suggest that P. larvae enolase may have a role in virulence and could contribute to a general insight about insect-pathogen interaction mechanisms.  相似文献