Transmission of ‘<Emphasis Type="Italic">Candidatus</Emphasis> Phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI) by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Osbornellus horvathi</Emphasis> (Matsumura 1908) co-infected with “<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ca.</Emphasis> Phytoplasma phoenicium” (16SrIX)     

Rizza Serena  Pesce Antonella  D’Urso Vera  Raciti Ernesto  Marzachì Cristina  Matilde Tessitori 《Phytoparasitica》2016,44(4):491-500

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Do Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) Gravid Females Discriminate Between Bt or Multivitamin Corn Varieties? Role of Olfactory and Visual Cues     

Diego Cruz  Matilde Eizaguirre 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

The Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides Lefèbvre, is a key pest of corn and a main target of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn in Northeast Spain. Trends for future biotechnology crops indicate that Bt, non-Bt, and stacked corn varieties with metabolic pathways for vitamin-increased traits could coexist in same region. Knowledge of the oviposition response of gravid females of S. nonagrioides to these different varieties could be extremely important for managing strategies aimed for delaying resistance development. In dual-choice assays, we examined the host preference of gravid females of S. nonagrioides for four corn varieties: a new transgenic corn with increased vitamin levels, its near isogenic counterpart (M37W), a Bt corn plant, and its near isogenic counterpart. Olfactory cues were the predominant ones when gravid females looked for a suitable host to lay eggs, and no synergistic effects were observed when both visual and olfactory cues were present. When the plant was visible, the females preferred the odors emitted by the nontransgenic to its multivitamin transgenic counterpart and when they only could detect the volatiles they also preferred the nontransgenic M37W variety to the Bt corn variety. If gravid females are less attracted to corn with an increased level of vitamins, this could impact insect resistance management and the value of refuge plants, if such traits are stacked with an insect resistance trait.  相似文献   

Effects of grazing and prescribed fire on resource selection and nest survival of upland sandpipers in an experimental landscape     

Brett K. Sandercock  Matilde Alfaro-Barrios  Ashley E. Casey  Tracey N. Johnson  Tony W. Mong  Karan J. Odom  Khara M. Strum  Virginia L. Winder 《Landscape Ecology》2015,30(2):325-337

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Bioavailability of a commercial formulation of ivermectin after subcutaneous administration to sheep     

Canga AG  Sahagun A  Diez MJ  Fernandez N  Sierra M  Garcia JJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(1):101-106

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic variables of a commercial formulation of ivermectin after IV administration to sheep. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult sheep. PROCEDURES: A single dose of a commercial formulation of ivermectin (200 microg/kg) was administered IV to each sheep. After a washout period of 3 weeks, each sheep was administered ivermectin by SC injection. Plasma samples were obtained for up to 36 and up to 42 days after IV and SC administration, respectively. Ivermectin concentrations were quantified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. RESULTS: Results obtained indicated that after IV administration, ivermectin is cleared slowly from plasma, tends to distribute and accumulate in the peripheral compartment, and is slowly eliminated from the body. After SC administration, noncompartmental analysis revealed that bioavailability of ivermectin is nearly complete (98.20%), has a slow mean absorption time of 0.96 days, and reaches a maximum plasma concentration of 19.55 ng/mL at 3.13 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The commercial formulation of ivermectin used in this study can be administered SC to sheep on the basis of a nearly complete bioavailability. In addition, the maximum plasma concentration and interval from SC injection until maximum plasma concentration is obtained are higher than those reported by other authors who used other routes of administration.  相似文献   

How useful is plastination in learning anatomy?     

Latorre RM  García-Sanz MP  Moreno M  Hernández F  Gil F  López O  Ayala MD  Ramírez G  Vázquez JM  Arencibia A  Henry RW 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2007,34(2):172-176

In recent years plastination has begun to revolutionize the way in which human and veterinary gross anatomy can be presented to students. The study reported here assessed the efficacy of plastinated organs as teaching resources in an innovative anatomy teaching/learning system. The main objective was to evaluate whether the use of plastinated organs improves the quality of teaching and learning of anatomy. For this purpose, we used an interdepartmental approach involving the departments of Veterinary Anatomy, Human Anatomy, Veterinary Surgery, and Education Development and Research Methods. The knowledge base of control and experimental student groups was examined before and after use of the fixed or plastinated resources, respectively, to gather information evaluating the effectiveness of these teaching resources. Significant differences (p < 0.001) between control and experimental groups of Human and Veterinary Anatomy were observed in the post-test results. The Veterinary Surgery students had the most positive opinion of the use of plastinated specimens. Using these data, we were able to quantitatively characterize the use of plastinated specimens as anatomy teaching resources. This analysis showed that all the plastinated resources available were heavily used and deemed useful by students. Although the properties of plastinated specimens accommodate student needs at various levels, traditional material should be used in conjunction with plastinated resources.  相似文献   

2-Vinyl-4H-1,3-Dithiin,a Bioavailable Compound from Garlic,Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Migration by Reducing Oxidative Stress     

Torres-Palazzolo  Carolina  de Paola  Matilde  Quesada  Isabel  Camargo  Alejandra  Castro  Claudia 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(3):355-361

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) of garlic have various health benefits including anti-hypertensive effect. It has been described that volatile OSCs uptake occurs...  相似文献   

Preparation and characterization of imidacloprid lignin-polyethylene glycol matrices coated with ethylcellulose     

Flores-Céspedes F  Figueredo-Flores CI  Daza-Fernández I  Vidal-Peña F  Villafranca-Sánchez M  Fernández-Pérez M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(4):1042-1051

Imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide that has a water solubility of 610 mg L(-1), has been formulated in lignin-polyethylene glycol matrices by a melting process. This formulation was coated in a Wurster type fluidized-bed equipment using ethylcellulose and dibutyl sebacate. Imidacloprid has been entrapped, with an entrapment efficiency higher than 87% in all cases. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy studies indicate the stability and compatibility of polymers and imidacloprid. Scanning electron microscopy images show a homogeneous film of ethylcellulose in coated formulations. From T(50) values (the time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released into water), the release rate of imidacloprid is controlled by changing the thickness of the coating film and modifying its surface properties by adding a plasticizer. T(50) values, ranging from 3.02 to 168.6 h, allow supplying the appropriate amount of imidacloprid in each specific agronomic practice to increase the efficiency of this bioactive material and minimize the risk of environmental pollution.  相似文献   

Optimal combinations of acute phase proteins for detecting infectious disease in pigs     

Heegaard PM  Stockmarr A  Piñeiro M  Carpintero R  Lampreave F  Campbell FM  Eckersall PD  Toussaint MJ  Gruys E  Sorensen NS 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):50

ABSTRACT: The acute phase protein (APP) response is an early systemic sign of disease, detected as substantial changes in APP serum concentrations and most disease states involving inflammatory reactions give rise to APP responses. To obtain a detailed picture of the general utility of porcine APPs to detect any disease with an inflammatory component seven porcine APPs were analysed in serum sampled at regular intervals in six different experimental challenge groups of pigs, including three bacterial (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae), one parasitic (Toxoplasma gondii) and one viral (porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus) infection and one aseptic inflammation. Immunochemical analyses of seven APPs, four positive (C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), pig major acute phase protein (pigMAP) and serum amyloid A (SAA)) and three negative (albumin, transthyretin, and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1)) were performed in the more than 400 serum samples constituting the serum panel. This was followed by advanced statistical treatment of the data using a multi-step procedure which included defining cut-off values and calculating detection probabilities for single APPs and for APP combinations. Combinations of APPs allowed the detection of disease more sensitively than any individual APP and the best three-protein combinations were CRP, apoA1, pigMAP and CRP, apoA1, Hp, respectively, closely followed by the two-protein combinations CRP, pigMAP and apoA1, pigMAP, respectively. For the practical use of such combinations, methodology is described for establishing individual APP threshold values, above which, for any APP in the combination, ongoing infection/inflammation is indicated.  相似文献   

Rapid test for the serodiagnosis of acute canine leptospirosis     

Abdoel TH  Houwers DJ  van Dongen AM  Adesiyun AA  Jiménez-Coelloe M  Cardoso L  Suepaul SM  Ortega-Pacheco A  Smits HL 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,150(1-2):211-213

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Effects of the partial substitution of dietary fish meal by differently processed soybean meals on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and activity of intestinal brush border enzymes in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)     

Emilio Tibaldi  Zehava Uni  Matilde de Francesco  Sheenan Harpaz 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(1):182-193

This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) in the diet of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) with differently processed soybean meals on growth performance; apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs); the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the brush border digestive enzymes: leucine amino peptidase, maltase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; and the fish morphometric and flesh quality. European sea bass with an initial average body weight of 187.8 ± 1.4 g, were fed either a FM based (control) diet or a soy replacement isoproteic, isolipidic and isocaloric diet. The treatments consisted replacing FM protein by: 25% toasted, dehulled and solvent-extracted soybean meal (SE25); 50% dehulled and toasted soy seeds subjected to dry extrusion and mechanical oil extraction (ME50); 50% enzyme-treated soybean meal (ET50) and an inclusion of 60% composed of 30% toasted, dehulled and solvent-extracted soybean meal and 30% enzyme-treated soybean meal (SE + ET/60). ADCs values of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid and gross energy did not significantly differ between ME50 and SE + ET/60 but both of them were inferior to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Compared with the control FM-based diet, only the group that consumed the ME50 diet had lower specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and gross protein retention efficiency values (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio did not differ between the FM-based control group and all other soy derivate groups (P > 0.05). In order to gain more insight on the effects of the diet on fish growth, activity of the brush border enzymes was measured. No significant differences were found in leucine amino peptidase and maltase activities, between the control group and the other soy derivate groups. The activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was significantly higher in the upper section in fish that consumed the control diet compared with fish that consumed the soy derivate diets. Yet, the main activity of this enzyme was found in the lower intestinal section. In all the soy derivate diets except for the SE25 diet, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower than its activity in the control diet. Feeding diets that include various types and levels of soybean derivatives did not affect the whole body composition and slaughter yield but significantly reduced liver weight. The results show that in methionine supplemented diets, FM can be replaced in terms of protein by 25% SE, 50% ET or 60% soy composed of 30% SE and 30% ET without hampering fish performance. The inclusion of 50% protein from ME resulted in significantly lower growth performance and feed utilization.  相似文献