“三定”栽培对双季超级稻产量形成及生理特性的影响     

蒋鹏  黄敏  Md.Ibrahim  曾燕  夏冰  邹应斌 《作物学报》2011,37(5):855-867

为探讨南方双季稻区超级稻高产栽培技术,于2008—2010年在湖南长沙和浏阳以超级早稻陆两优996、陵两优268和超级晚稻天优华占、丰源优299为材料进行大田定位试验,比较了“三定”栽培、免耕摆栽和传统栽培下双季超级稻的产量形成特点和生理特性。与传统栽培相比,“三定”栽培齐穗期的颖花伤流量、根系氧化力、根冠比、叶面积指数及籽粒结实期剑叶的光合速率较高,齐穗后剑叶SPAD值下降缓慢、干物质积累量大,有效穗数和每穗粒数多,早季平均产量为7.18 t hm^-2,增产11.68%,晚季平均产量为8.39 t hm^-2,增产7.41%;免耕摆栽干物质积累量大、有效穗数多,但其收获指数、每穗粒数和结实率居劣势,使其单季增产效果不显著。由此可见,南方双季超级稻在“三定”栽培下后期生理优势明显,产量构成因子协调,增产效果显著。  相似文献   

Glutathione functions on physiological characters to increase copper-induced corn production     

Nurul?Syuhada  Md?Sarwar?JahanEmail author 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(1):5-10

Glutathione (GSH) abundantly presents in plant and affects plants growth and development. To justify if GSH affects copper (Cu)-induced corn production, photosynthesis (Pn) rate, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), chlorophyll (Chl) content and Chl fluorescence, relative water content (RWC) and yields were evaluated. Different Cu concentrations (0, 0.2, 1.5 and 3.0 ppm of Zn) with or without 100 µm of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) were arranged as completely randomize design with 5 replications. Results showed that both NAC and Cu affected plant height and leaf numbers. Copper reduced Pn rate, and PAR and increased RWC but no effect was observed on Chl content and Chl fluorescence in leaves. On the other hand, NAC application increased Pn, PAR, Chl parameters regardless of Cu treatment. In the presence of 1.5 ppm of Cu, corn plants showed improve yield and cob length irrespective to NAC treatment. Taken together, this study suggests that NAC might improve some physiological functions in plants to enhance Cu-induced corn production.  相似文献   

Analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities of rumen fluid and rumen particles from Korean black goats     

Min‐Jung GU  Md. Jahangir ALAM  Seon‐Ho KIM  Che‐Ok JEON  Moon‐Baek CHANG  Young‐Kyoon OH  Sang‐Cheol LEE  Sang‐Suk LEE 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):663-672

Molecular diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Korean black goats was investigated with 16S rRNA gene clone libraries using methanogen‐specific primers. The libraries were composed of rumen fluid‐associated methanogens (FAM) and rumen particle‐associated methanogens (PAM) from rumen‐fistulated Korean black goats. Among the 141 clones of the FAM library, the sequences were mostly related to two phyla, the Methanobacteriaceae family (77.3%) and the Thermoplasmatales family (22.7%); and among the 68 clones of the PAM library, sequences were also mainly clustered in the two phyla, the Thermoplasmatales family (63.24%) and the Methanobacteriaceae family (35.29%). Most of the sequenced clones in the two libraries were closely related to uncultured methanogenic archaeon. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that PAM (8.97 log 10) had significantly higher (P < 0.01) density of methanogens by the methanogenic 16S rRNA gene copies than FAM (7.57 log 10). The two clone libraries also showed difference in Shannon index (FAM library 1.70 and PAM library 1.59) and Chao 1 estimator (FAM library 18 and PAM library 17 operational taxonomic units). Apparent differences found in the microbial community from the two 16S rRNA gene libraries could be a result of such factors as the chemical and physical nature of the target material surface, types or component of diets, the interaction between the methanogens and other microbes, and age of the experimental goats.  相似文献   

Optimization of Compatible Mixed Cultures for Liquid State Bioconversion of Municipal Wastewater Sludge     

Alam  Md. Zahangir  Fakhru'l-Razi  A.  Abd-Aziz  Suraini  Molla  Abul H. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,149(1-4):113-126

The filamentous fungal strains such as Penicillium corylophilum (P), Aspergillus niger (A), Trichoderma harzianum (T) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) isolated from its relevant sources (wastewater, sewage sludge and sludge cake) were selected for compatible/incompatible mixed cultures. Six combinations of P. corylophilum and A. niger (P/A); P. corylophilum and P. chrysosporium (P/PC); P. corylophilum and T. harzianum (P/T); A. niger and T. harzianum (A/T); A. niger and P. chrysosporium (A/PC); T. harzianum and P. chrysosporium (T/PC) were used to evaluate their potential performance as compatible/incompatible mixed culture for the treatment of municipal wastewater sludge in a bioconversion process. The results of the present study showed that the combinations of P/A, P/PC and A/PC showed compatible growth and the rest of the combinations (P/T, A/T and T/PC) were incompatible cultures. A maximum production of dry biomass and dry filter cake were recorded in the compatible mixed culture of P. corylophilum and A. niger (P/A). A maximum reduction of COD (90%) and a decreased filtration time of treated sludge was observed in the case of P/A microbial mixed culture. The pH value was also affected by the fungal cultures. Effective results were observed by using microbial mixed culture after four days of treatment compared to other treatments (2 and 6 days).  相似文献   

Prevalence of larval taeniids in goats in Bangladesh     

Md. Jahurul Karim  Hefazuddin Shaikh  Md. Mozzammel Huq 《Tropical animal health and production》1982,14(3):166-166

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Antagonistic rhizoplane bacteria induce diverse morphological alterations in Peronosporomycete hyphae during <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> interaction     

Abhinandan?Deora  Yasuyuki?HashidokoEmail author  Md.?Tofazzal?Islam  Satoshi?Tahara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,112(4):311-322

A total of 150 bacteria were isolated from rhizoplanes of the host and non-host plants of a phytopathogenic Peronosporomycete Aphanomyces cochlioides. Upon screening, 5% of the isolates were evaluated as antagonists as they inhibited radial growth of A. cochlioides AC-5 hyphae in a dual culture assay. In addition, those antagonistic bacteria also induced characteristic morphological alterations in the A. cochlioides AC-5 hyphae that grew towards bacterial colonies. Hyphal morphological alterations observed in AC-5 and other tested strains of Peronosporomycetes included excessive branching, curly growth, unusually longer and pointed tip formation and swelling; all of these were comparable to the alterations induced by known antimicrobial compounds. Among the antagonistic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. strain EC-S101 induced a unique branching pattern (tree-like) in AC-5 hyphae by continuous apical bifurcation of successive hyphae, where increases in number of branches and hyphal area were linearly correlated with time up to 10 h. Our observations suggested that the pathogen might have lost its ability of normal branch production; however maintained the capability of self-branching. Soluble extracts from the culture fluids of Pseudomonas sp. strain EC-S101 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia EC-S105 induced similar excessive branching and curly growth in A. cochlioides hyphae as the respective bacterium. These results revealed that bacterial metabolites appeared to be responsible for induction of morphological alterations. Interestingly, the antagonistic bacteria that induced hyphal morphological alterations, also efficiently suppressed in vivo damping-off disease caused by AC-5. We suggest that antagonistic rhizoplane bacteria have the capability to induce diverse morphological alterations in Peronosporomycetes hyphae during in vitro interactions. Hyphal morphological alterations associated with growth inhibition and the induction of characteristic morphological changes indicate antagonistic activity against the Peronosporomycete.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of the major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus     

Khan MS  Tanaka A  Ide H  Hoshinoo K  Hanafusa Y  Tagawa Y 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,107(3-4):179-192

The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Haemophilus somnus shows antigenic and molecular mass diversity that forms the basis of a preliminary grouping system for H. somnus strains. In this study, the gene encoding MOMP of H. somnus strain 8025 was cloned in three overlapping fragments by PCR techniques, and then sequenced. The gene consists of a 1164-bp open reading frame encoding a deduced 380-amino acid protein with a 19-amino acid signal sequence, giving a mature protein with a calculated molecular mass of 39,913 Da. Significant homology was found between MOMP and porin protein sequences of bacteria in Pasteurellaceae species. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the protein from the MOMP gene directed by the T7 promoter was identical in size (approximately 40 kDa) to native MOMP and reacted with MOMP-specific antibodies. Comparisons of the MOMP gene sequences from six unrelated strains of H. somnus to that of strain 8025 revealed that the genes of three MOMP type 1 strains were highly conserved with that of strain 8025 in length and sequence. However, two MOMP type 3c strains and one MOMP type 3a strain differed markedly from the MOMP of strain 8025 in their 3'-terminal halves. Their deduced MOMP amino acid sequences differed in sequence (3c, 80.5 and 82.7% identity; 3a, 62.4% identity) and in length (3c, 384 and 376; 3a, 316), indicating that the molecular differences are the basis of antigenicity and molecular mass differences of H. somnus MOMP. In the predicted MOMP secondary structure, the variable sequences primarily mapped to putative surface-exposed loops, and a variable and surface-exposed epitope of MOMP-specific antibody was identified in the seventh-largest loop. These findings are useful for understanding the structural and immunological characteristics of H. somnus.  相似文献   

Rice Pi-ta gene Confers Resistance to the Major Pathotypes of the Rice Blast Fungus in the United States   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jia Y  Wang Z  Fjellstrom RG  Moldenhauer KA  Azam MA  Correll J  Lee FN  Xia Y  Rutger JN 《Phytopathology》2004,94(3):296-301

ABSTRACT The Pi-ta gene in rice prevents the infection by Magnaporthe grisea strains containing the AVR-Pita avirulence gene. The presence of Pi-ta in rice cultivars was correlated completely with resistance to two major pathotypes, IB-49 and IC-17, common in the U.S. blast pathogen population. The inheritance of resistance to IC-17 was investigated further using a marker for the resistant Pi-ta allele in an F(2) population of 1,345 progeny from a cross of cv. Katy with experimental line RU9101001 possessing and lacking, respectively, the Pi-ta resistance gene. Resistance to IC-17 was conferred by a single dominant gene and Pi-ta was not detected in susceptible individuals. A second F(2) population of 377 individuals from a reciprocal cross between Katy and RU9101001 was used to verify the conclusion that resistance to IC-17 was conferred by a single dominant gene. In this cross, individuals resistant to IC-17 also were resistant to IB-49. The presence of Pi-ta and resistance to IB-49 also was correlated with additional crosses between 'Kaybonnet' and 'M-204', which also possess and lack Pi-ta, respectively. A pair of primers that specifically amplified a susceptible pi-ta allele was developed to verify the absence of Pi-ta. We suggest that Pi-ta is responsible for resistance to IB-49 and IC-17 and that both races contain AVR-Pita genes.  相似文献   

Production, Economics, Employment Generation and Marketing Pattern of Rattan-Based Cottage Enterprises: A Case Study from an Urban Area of North-Eastern Bangladesh     

Md. Habibur Rahman  Most. Jannatul Fardusi  Bishwajit Roy  Md. Mostafa Kamal  Md. Jasim Uddin  Mohammed Abu Sayed Arfin Khan 《Small-Scale Forestry》2012,11(2):207-221

Rattan, an important non-timber forest product, is a flexible palm used in weaving baskets or furniture. Rattan is light yet sturdy, making it suitable for furniture that can be moved often. Bangladesh has a large number of rattan-based enterprises. This paper reports a case study carried out in Sylhet City Corporation of north-eastern Bangladesh, exploring the production, financial profitability and marketing of rattan-based products, and the problems and priorities of rattan-based enterprises as well as their potential contribution to employment opportunity. A sample survey was conducted of 58 randomly selected rattan-based enterprises with entrepreneurs personally interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Based on the total investment, the enterprises were divided into large, medium and small categories. Three origins of rattan (Local, Myanmar and Indonesia) and five species were used by the enterprises to produce 29 rattan-based product types. Rattan products were divided into three basic categories, viz. domestic utensils, domestic decorative articles and others for which uses are not specific. Among the three rattan origins, processing cost of local and Myanmar rattan species products was less and more articles were sold than for Indonesia rattan species. Financial analysis indicated that rattan-based enterprises are a profitable and attractive option for local socio-economic development. Entrepreneurs’ views on major problems and issues in rattan-based product trading and suggested measures to improve the condition of rattan-based enterprises also collected. Rattan-based enterprises will generate more domestic revenue, foreign exchange and employment if policies are adopted to provide the enterprises with a reliable source of raw materials and technical and financial assistance from Government to NGOs to sell the products, and expand market facilities in both local and international markets.  相似文献   

Anti-diabetic potential of ursolic acid stearoyl glucoside: a new triterpenic gycosidic ester from Lantana camara     

Kazmi I  Rahman M  Afzal M  Gupta G  Saleem S  Afzal O  Shaharyar MA  Nautiyal U  Ahmed S  Anwar F 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(1):142-146

A new stearoyl glucoside of ursolic acid, urs-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid 3β-d-glucopyranosyl-4′-octadecanoate and other compounds were isolated from the leaves of Lantana camara L. The structure of this new glycoside was elucidated and established by standard spectroscopic methods. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats it showed significant reduction in blood glucose level.  相似文献