Prevention of vaginal SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques through inhibition of CCR5   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lederman MM  Veazey RS  Offord R  Mosier DE  Dufour J  Mefford M  Piatak M  Lifson JD  Salkowitz JR  Rodriguez B  Blauvelt A  Hartley O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5695):485-487

Topical agents, such as microbicides, that can protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are urgently needed. Using a chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV SF162), which is tropic for the chemokine receptor CCR5, we report that topical application of high doses of PSC-RANTES, an amino terminus-modified analog of the chemokine RANTES, provided potent protection against vaginal challenge in rhesus macaques. These experimental findings have potentially important implications for understanding vaginal transmission of HIV and the design of strategies for its prevention.  相似文献   

Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by greek and roman civilizations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hong S  Candelone JP  Patterson CC  Boutron CF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,265(5180):1841-1843

Analysis of the Greenland ice core covering the period from 3000 to 500 years ago-the Greek, Roman, Medieval and Renaissance times-shows that lead is present at concentrations four times as great as natural values from about 2500 to 1700 years ago (500 B.C. to 300 A.D.). These results show that Greek and Roman lead and silver mining and smelting activities polluted the middle troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere on a hemispheric scale two millennia ago, long before the Industrial Revolution. Cumulative lead fallout to the Greenland Ice Sheet during these eight centuries was as high as 15 percent of that caused by the massive use of lead alkyl additives in gasoline since the 1930s. Pronounced lead pollution is also observed during Medieval and Renaissance times.  相似文献   

Chemical Composition of the Lunar Surface in a Terra Region near the Crater Tycho     

Patterson JH  Turkevich AL  Franzgrote EJ  Economou TE  Sowinski KP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,168(3933):825-828

More precise and comprehensive analytical results for lunar surface material in a terra region have been derived from the data of the alpha-scattering experiment on Surveyor 7. The silicon content and the low sodium abundance are close to that of mare material. The abundances of titanium and iron are at least a factor of 2 lower, whereas the abundances of aluminum and calcium are significantly higher. The analytical results provide direct evidence for chemical differentiation in the moon and indicate a lunar crust of appreciably lower density than the whole moon and with lower density and higher albedo than lunar mare material.  相似文献   

Building biosafety laboratories     

Patterson JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5622):1092

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Neuroscience. Maternal effects on schizophrenia risk     

Patterson PH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5850):576-577

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Lives of science: women in science     

Patterson EC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,236(4804):989

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Capillary wrinkling of floating thin polymer films     

Huang J  Juszkiewicz M  de Jeu WH  Cerda E  Emrick T  Menon N  Russell TP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5838):650-653

A freely floating polymer film, tens of nanometers in thickness, wrinkles under the capillary force exerted by a drop of water placed on its surface. The wrinkling pattern is characterized by the number and length of the wrinkles. The dependence of the number of wrinkles on the elastic properties of the film and on the capillary force exerted by the drop confirms recent theoretical predictions on the selection of a pattern with a well-defined length scale in the wrinkling instability. We combined scaling relations that were developed for the length of the wrinkles with those for the number of wrinkles to construct a metrology for measuring the elasticity and thickness of ultrathin films that relies on no more than a dish of fluid and a low-magnification microscope. We validated this method on polymer films modified by plasticizer. The relaxation of the wrinkles affords a simple method to study the viscoelastic response of ultrathin films.  相似文献   

20th-century industrial black carbon emissions altered Arctic climate forcing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

McConnell JR  Edwards R  Kok GL  Flanner MG  Zender CS  Saltzman ES  Banta JR  Pasteris DR  Carter MM  Kahl JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5843):1381-1384

Black carbon (BC) from biomass and fossil fuel combustion alters chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere and snow albedo, yet little is known about its emission or deposition histories. Measurements of BC, vanillic acid, and non-sea-salt sulfur in ice cores indicate that sources and concentrations of BC in Greenland precipitation varied greatly since 1788 as a result of boreal forest fires and industrial activities. Beginning about 1850, industrial emissions resulted in a sevenfold increase in ice-core BC concentrations, with most change occurring in winter. BC concentrations after about 1951 were lower but increasing. At its maximum from 1906 to 1910, estimated surface climate forcing in early summer from BC in Arctic snow was about 3 watts per square meter, which is eight times the typical preindustrial forcing value.  相似文献   

Issues in biosecurity and biosafety     

Cook-Deegan RM  Berkelman R  Davidson EM  Finder S  Heitman E  Kelley MC  King NM  Moseley R  Thomas JC  Tilden SJ  Vangsnes NM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5730):1867-1868

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Chemical composition of the lunar surface in sinus medii     

Franzgrote EJ  Patterson JH  Turkevich AL  Economou TE  Sowinski KP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3917):376-379

More precise and comprehensive analytical results for lunar material in Sinus Medii have been derived from the alpha-scattering experiment on Surveyor VI. The amounts of the principal constituents at this mare are approximately the same as those of constituents at Mare Tranquillitatis. The sodium contents of both maria are lower than those of terrestrial basalts. The titanium content at Sinus Medii is lower than that at Mare Tranquillitatis; this suggests important differences in detailed chemical composition at different mare areas on the moon.  相似文献