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61.
The degradation of isoproturon photoinduced by Fe(III) was investigated under both artificial and solar light. The monomeric species Fe(OH)2+ present under the experimental conditions ([Fe(III)] = 3 x 10(-4) M) is the main Fe(III) species responsible for the degradation of isoproturon. The process involves the attack on the pollutant by OH radicals generated by irradiation of Fe(OH)2+. The major primary photoproducts were identified; they accumulate in the solution medium before being degraded. The toxicity of the solution to marine bacterium Vibrio fisheri (Beijerinck) Lehmann & Neumann was monitored during the degradation process. It increased in the early stages of the reaction and, among the photoproducts, the N-formyl derivative appeared to be the major product responsible for the increase in toxicity. 相似文献
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Richard OSEI‐AMPONSAH Boniface B. KAYANG Augustine NAAZIE Yaa D. OSEI Issaka A. K. YOUSSAO Valentine C. YAPI‐GNAORE Michèle TIXIER‐BOICHARD Xavier ROGNON 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(3):297-303
The characterization of indigenous animal genetic resources is a requisite step in providing needed information for the conservation of useful genotypes against future needs. Thus, in this study, 22 microsatellite markers were used to genotype 114 local chickens from the Forest (n = 59) and Savannah (n = 55) eco‐zones of Ghana and the results compared to those of the ancestral red junglefowl (n = 15) and two European commercial chicken populations – a broiler (n = 25) and white leghorn (n = 25). A total of 171 alleles were observed, with an average of 7.8 alleles per locus. The local Ghanaian chickens showed higher diversity in terms of the observed number of alleles per locus (6.6) and observed heterozygosity (0.568) compared with the combined control populations (6.0 and 0.458, respectively). However, Wright's F‐statistics revealed negligible genetic differentiation (FST) in local Ghanaian chicken populations. In addition, 65% of the Savannah chickens were inferred to be more likely from the Forest, suggesting a south‐north dispersal of chickens from their probable original location in the Forest zone to the Savannah areas. It is concluded that the Forest and Savannah chickens of Ghana are a single, randomly mating unselected population, characterized by high genetic diversity and constitute a valuable resource for conservation and improvement. 相似文献
63.
Mich PM Hellyer PW Kogan L Schoenfeld-Tacher R 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2010,37(4):358-368
The prevention and management of pain is fundamental to the practice of both human and veterinary medicine. The recognition and treatment of pain represents an important indicator of the quality of care delivered in human hospitals and veterinary hospitals. Yet, both human and veterinary health care professionals have cited inadequate knowledge as a significant barrier to effective pain management. The aims of this pilot study were twofold: (1) to gauge veterinary medical students' current attitudes regarding their training in pain management and (2) to assess the impact of training and practice on the use of a canine acute pain assessment teaching tool. Participants, third-year professional veterinary medical students, completed a 16-item survey questionnaire before a 30-minute training session on pain assessment using the teaching tool and completed it again after training and a one-week practice period. Questions related to canine pain, assessment of canine pain, pain management education in the professional veterinary curriculum, and an example case presentation (video) were included in the survey. The analysis of survey results indicated that professional veterinary medicine students find value in didactic and clinical training in canine pain assessment. Additionally, use of the canine acute pain teaching tool in conjunction with a training program improved students' knowledge and skill in assessment while pointing out the importance of further training. Differences with regard to gender and tracking were found and warrant further exploration. 相似文献
64.
M. Makádi A. Tomócsik V. Orosz E. Michéli A. Ferenczy 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(2):167-178
Agricultural application of anaerobic digestates can play an important role in plant nutrition. The effects of digestate treatment were studied in pot experiments, using sandy and loamy textured soils with distinct characteristics. Three different treatments were studied and compared: control, digestate, and irrigation treatments. Nitrogen loading was calculated on the bases of the digestate analysis. The same amounts of digestate and irrigation water were applied in the different treatments before sowing and at the V4–V6 stages of maize. Besides the conventional soil chemical analysis, invertase, dehydrogenase, catalase, and the abundance of some cultivable microbes were measured in two consecutive years. According to our results, irrigation and digestate treatments had greater impact in the case of sandy soils than in loamy textured soils. Digestate provides more effective phosphorus and potassium sources than nitrogen. Based on the results of discriminant analysis, the digestate application had a greater influence on soil chemical properties, followed by microbiological parameters. 相似文献
65.
Eurasian Soil Science - Soil microbial respiration is a biological process that converts soil organic matter into atmospheric CO2 via soil microorganisms. It reflects the overall metabolic activity... 相似文献
66.
van den Brand R Heutschi J Barraud Q DiGiovanna J Bartholdi K Huerlimann M Friedli L Vollenweider I Moraud EM Duis S Dominici N Micera S Musienko P Courtine G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6085):1182-1185
Half of human spinal cord injuries lead to chronic paralysis. Here, we introduce an electrochemical neuroprosthesis and a robotic postural interface designed to encourage supraspinally mediated movements in rats with paralyzing lesions. Despite the interruption of direct supraspinal pathways, the cortex regained the capacity to transform contextual information into task-specific commands to execute refined locomotion. This recovery relied on the extensive remodeling of cortical projections, including the formation of brainstem and intraspinal relays that restored qualitative control over electrochemically enabled lumbosacral circuitries. Automated treadmill-restricted training, which did not engage cortical neurons, failed to promote translesional plasticity and recovery. By encouraging active participation under functional states, our training paradigm triggered a cortex-dependent recovery that may improve function after similar injuries in humans. 相似文献
67.
Wauters J Martens A Pille F Dumoulin M Gasthuys F Sys S Meyer E 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(1):132-137
Synovial fluid samples from culture-confirmed infected joints (n=13), joints with pronounced non-infectious synovitis (n=11) and healthy joints (n=14) were collected from 24 equine patients and seven slaughterhouse horses. The samples from the joints with non-infectious synovitis and healthy joints served as negative controls. After isolation, counting and identification of neutrophils, the percentage viability, and the proportion apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils were determined by flow cytometry. Viability was significantly higher in infected samples compared to the controls. A significant difference in cell death type was observed, with apoptosis predominating in infected joints, and necrosis being more present in joints with pronounced non-infectious synovitis and healthy joints. The results of this pilot study suggest that flow cytometric analysis of neutrophil viability and cell death dynamics may assist the discrimination between infected and non-infected joints. 相似文献
68.
Mycoplasma bovis causes severe economic losses in livestock production, particularly on the Northern American continent and more recently also in continental Europe. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether the recently emerging outbreaks were due to a particular clone or strain of M. bovis or whether these outbreaks are due to multiple infectious strains of M. bovis. The study is based on the analysis M. bovis isolated from cattle of herds with outbreaks of mycoplasmal mastitis or pneumonia from geographically non related parts of Switzerland. M. bovis isolates were typed by insertion sequence (IS) element analysis based upon ISMbov1 and ISMbov2 southern-blot hybridization. We observed a strong divergence of M. bovis strains among affected herds which mostly were herd specific. This argues against the assumption that a recent infiltration of a particular clone of M. bovis is the cause of the perilous emerging outbreaks. The study suggests that transmission occurs from animal to animal most probably via milk. 相似文献
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70.
Nougayrède JP Homburg S Taieb F Boury M Brzuszkiewicz E Gottschalk G Buchrieser C Hacker J Dobrindt U Oswald E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5788):848-851
Transient infection of eukaryotic cells with commensal and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli of phylogenetic group B2 blocks mitosis and induces megalocytosis. This trait is linked to a widely spread genomic island that encodes giant modular nonribosomal peptide and polyketide synthases. Contact with E. coli expressing this gene cluster causes DNA double-strand breaks and activation of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway, leading to cell cycle arrest and eventually to cell death. Discovery of hybrid peptide-polyketide genotoxins in E. coli will change our view on pathogenesis and commensalism and open new biotechnological applications. 相似文献